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Topic: Incompatible Time Sharing

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	Incompatible Timesharing System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System (named in comparison with the Compatible Timesharing System also in use at MIT), was an early, revolutionary, and influential MIT time-sharing operating system which was written in assembly; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC.
		ITS development was initiated in the late 1960s by those (the majority of the MIT AI Lab at that point in time) who disagreed with the direction taken by Project MAC's Multics project (which had started in the mid 1960s), particularly such decisions as the inclusion of powerful system security.
		The name was chosen by Tom Knight as a hack on the earliest MIT time-sharing operating system, the Compatible Time-Sharing System, which dated from the early 1960s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System (908 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : File sharing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Usually file sharing follows the peer-to-peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users.
		File sharing is distinct from file trading in that downloading files from a P2P network does not require uploading, although some networks either provide incentives for uploading such as credits or force the sharing of files being currently downloaded.
		Napster and Gnutella continue to define file sharing today, forming the extremes at both ends of the law in the wake of a series of civil lawsuits filed against computer users by the RIAA (which began in September, 2003).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /File_sharing (2137 words)

	Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the time computers were not well understood and hackers had to convince others, including their professors, of this belief.
		He was working for Hewlett Packard at the time he built his own computer based on the MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor.
		Richard Stallman, also known as RMS as per his initials, was called by Levy the "last of the true hackers" (this did not mean "last real hacker", but rather the last faithful member of the class of hackers that Levy called the "true hackers").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hackers_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution (4524 words)

	ITS - Ursine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Incompatible Time-sharing System, an influential though highly idiosyncratic operating system written for PDP-6s and PDP-10s at MIT and long used at the MIT AI Lab.
		ITS pioneered many important innovations, including transparent file sharing between machines and terminal-independent I/O. After about 1982, most actual work was shifted to newer machines, with the remaining ITS boxes run essentially as a hobby and service to the hacker community.
		The shutdown of the lab's last ITS machine in May 1990 marked the end of an era and sent old-time hackers into mourning nationwide (see high moby).
	ursine.ca /ITS (214 words)

	[No title]
		By this time it was obvious that we were not a competitor.
		Now by that time the idea of time-sharing was already moving, and they proposed the development at MIT of a time-sharing system.
		It was a form of time sharing where people could do their editing on line and submit their jobs and get there things back.
	www.columbia.edu /~hauben/CompHum/time-share.tool (13284 words)

	The Minicomputers of the 70s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As multiple terminals (combinations of input and output devices) were attached to the same main unit, a need arose to handle the input, output and processing of all the terminals simultaneously.
		Roughly at the same time Dennis M. Ritchie develops the C programming language which has some of its roots in B that was used to first implement Unix.
		During the time from 1972 to 1974 Ken Thompson reimplements Unix in C constantly improving the system.
	www.inf.fu-berlin.de /lehre/SS01/hc/minicomp (1539 words)

	Linux.com Article DB: The Days Before GNU - 1/1
		In only ten years, possibly much shorter, the software world changed from being a cooperative place where everyone freely shared information, to being a hostile place where protocols and specifications were guarded jealously by their inventors in fear of them being divulged onto competing companies.
		A locked door at MIT could easily be bypassed by crawling over the ceiling and a major hack was once pulled by a young hacker, who unscrewed all locks on all doors at one night, found out how they worked and then made a master key who would open any door on the floor.
		At this time, John McCarthy was heading the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT where many hackers spent their days (and nights).
	linux.omnipotent.net /article.php?article_id=10546 (971 words)

	LGR - TOWARD A COOPERATIVE NETWORK OF TIME-SHARED COMPUTERS
		Unfortunately, the program would be available only to those who had direct access to Y (or to a computer compatible with Y); users of other installations would have to recode the program for their own computers, at a cost per computer comparable to the cost of the original programming development.
		Since timesharing systems, by their nature, are designed to be operated remotely on a real-time basis, we can envision the possibility of the various time-shared computers communicating directly with one another, as well as with their users, so as to cooperate on the solution of problems.
		Since commands come at unpredictable times in the data-stream, each character transferred over a command- plus-data channel must be analyzed by the monitor.
	www.packet.cc /files/toward-coop-net.html (3573 words)

	The History of Zork
		The river (see Part I) and volcano sections, in addition to vehicles, required a better concept of time: both the boat and the balloon moved more or less on their own, and the volcano required the use of explosives and fuses.
		This became the section of Zork II with the Dungeon Master, and at the time was certainly the most involved, and hardest (as it should have been) thing in the game.
		No new puzzles were added because none of the implementers had time or inclination, and because we had no more space available: at the time, we were limited to a megabyte of memory, and we had used it all up.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pete/Infocom/Articles/NZT/zorkhist.html (6333 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Block character input-output from some devices which are naturally one character at a time is limited to blocks of length 77777 words or less and the top three bits of the pointer word are used during the transfer as a character count.
		To avoid certain timing problems, the transmission of commands to the multiplexor control routines in ITS is noninterruptable (but for a limited length of time as only a limited number of commands may be transmitted).
		It is as first.OPEN time that an interrupt bit [Sec 5.1.3] is assigned by ITS to a procedure.
	www.sigfs.org /its-reference/its-reference-1.5.txt (18188 words)

	Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As a single mother with minimal income, however, she shared the poorer tenants' concern over the growing number of development projects catering mainly to wealthy residents.
		Describing it as "the proverbial smoke-filled room," Lippman says she became aware for the first time that corruption within the party might actually be the reason behind the city's thinly disguised hostility toward poor residents.
		By the time of his last years at Harvard, Stallman was beginning to apply the whimsical and irreverent lessons of the AI Lab back at school.
	www.faifzilla.org /ch04.html (6928 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction The Incompatible Time Sharing (ITS) operating system was originally written for the PDP-6 at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory during the late 1960's.
		Thus if ITS were to immediately PCLSR a process every time it wanted to swap out some of its pages, that would at least cause a lot of unnecessary activity, and might even cause the process to swap pages back in that were just swapped out.
		The average time taken was 0.116 seconds, which is misleading because a minority of cases that took a very long time inflate the average.
	www.hack.org /~mc/texts/pclsr.txt (8063 words)

	electric minds \| tools for thought
		MAC was set up originally by Licklider, later administered at various times by Fano, Minsky, and Papert, and the ambiguity about the meaning of the acronym was deliberate.
		By the time Weizenbaum recovered from the shock of seeing the way people reacted to his program, he was convinced that something very dangerous lurked in the much-heralded computer revolution.
		David Rodman was one of those who spent time conversing with ELIZA when it was still in its infancy, while he was employed as a research assistant in the same laboratory.
	www.abbedon.com /electricminds/html/tom_tools_8.html (7659 words)

	[No title]
		PC Pursuit was nice at first, but they changed from allowing unlimited off-hours usage to one hour a day, while increasing their rates from $20 a month to $30 a month.
		It's like the difference between sharing a lane on the road, and having a whole lane dedicated to you for the duration of your trip.
		One time when I visited MIT in person, he got real confused when he saw me, and he sat me at a terminal, and when I logged in, he started chatting with me via a nearby terminal.
	keithlynch.net /history.net.html (4836 words)

	Time Share » Time share - The UNIX Time-Sharing System - Ritchie, Thompson (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This page describes the term time sharing and lists other pages on the Web where you can find additional information.
		Time sharing - Sunterra CEO put on leave during probe
		Time sharing - Bring the kids to meet some amazing reptiles at the Legion
	lookingtoselltimeshare.com /102/time-share-the-unix-time-sharing-sys... (235 words)

	[No title]
		The 'Moose stepped to the fore on its own initiative, at a time (mid-1994) when spam-cancels were irregular and disorganized, and behaved altogether admirably - fair, even-handed, and quick to respond to comments and criticism, all without self-aggrandizement or martyrdom.
		At times of international crisis, #report has hundreds of members, some of whom take turns listening to various news services and typing in summaries of the news, or in some cases, giving first-hand accounts of the action (e.g., Scud missile attacks in Tel Aviv during the Gulf War in 1991).
		In times past, this was a privileged location that conveyed godlike powers to anyone with fingers on its keys.
	www.datacrunch.net /jargon/topc.asp (16301 words)

	[No title]
		However, time has taken it's toll on the silicon networks and the guide is now a tad out of date.
		On the other hand, if you call during the time the user would normally call, the real owner of the account may very well log in to see his name already there, or even worse be denied access because his account is already in use.
		I don't know at what time in the future it will become widespread, but for you future hackers I did a little research and came up with the two manufacturer defaults; administrator and guest.
	www.ussrback.com /docs/hacking_guide.txt (13091 words)

	[No title]
		It is in sharing ideas and understandings with others with similar views that grassroots efforts begin to attempt to change society.
		There were times when I would force myself to think about my reply for at least a few minutes before replying and once or twice I even left a message unanswered for a full day, but that caused unbearable pangs of a strange guilt.
		Through the sharing of these moments by people, their cultures are coming to encompass more of the world not before immediately available.
	www.ais.org /~jrh/acn/text/ACN7-2.txt (18640 words)

	Hiltzik, Chapter 5
		One problem: these people were committed to time-sharing computers, and viewed Taylor's notion of a display-based user interface as hopelessly incompatible with time-sharing a computer, and thus impractical.
		You do not have much time to spend on learning the fundamentals after you leave school as an undergraduate.
		How to think analytically -- understanding exactly what a problem is (people waste an unbelievably large amount of time solving what turns out to be the wrong problem); break it into smaller problems; find solutions to the smaller problems; combine these solutions to obtain a solution to the larger problem.
	www.ece.msstate.edu /courses/ece1002/notes/hiltzik5.htm (1153 words)

	Hacking -- Encyclopedia Description
		While this generally implied that available time was in the "graveyard shift" this did not matter to the aficionados of what we might recognize as the first "personal computer"; they merely altered their circadian rhythms to accommodate this minor shortcoming.
		Freedom and control may be incompatible attributes of such an environment, but it is clear that the tasks of program or system usage in a productive setting are not amenable to the recognition and acceptance of bugs and errors.
		The period of the early 1960's at MIT was the period when Fernando Corbató and his colleagues took upon themselves the development of an interactive time sharing system which would provide personal computing to the university community while at the same time using all the available machine cycles.
	courses.cs.vt.edu /~cs3604/lib/Hacking/MacMillan.Hacking.html (3506 words)

	Emergent Technologies Inc. -- PCLSRing: Keeping Process State Modular
		The Incompatible Time Sharing (ITS) operating system was originally written for the PDP-6 at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory during the late 1960's.
		The basic job of any timesharing operating system is to share a single processor among set of independent processes.
		a process every time it wanted to swap out some of its pages, that would at least cause a lot of unnecessary activity, and might even cause the process to swap pages back in that were just swapped out.
	fare.tunes.org /tmp/emergent/pclsr.htm (7118 words)

	unix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sometimes you may want to look at data on the screen; other times you may want to send it to a file; you may even want to send output to another program for more processing.
		When output needed to be sent to a peripheral device, such as a printer, the processing time involved in sending the data was considerable.
		It has been a long time, of course, since this field has actually held real GCOS information; the space is now used to hold personal data.
	home.earthlink.net /~shadowco/unix.html (2514 words)

	ITS 1.5 Reference Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Incompatible Time Sharing system (ITS) is a control program tailored to the Project MAC Artificial Intelligence (AI) Group PDP-6 and PDP-10 installation.
		A feature of the ITS monitor not frequently found in time sharing systems and contributing greatly to its flexibility and generally is that user programs may receive software implemented interrupts in much the same way that ITS receives hardware interrupts.
		At.OPEN time all entries in the table are examined to see if the device and file names of the.OPEN and the UNAME and JNAME of the procedure executing the.OPEN match them.
	www.sigfs.org /its-reference/its-reference-1.5.html (11969 words)

	Richard A. Bartle: Interactive Fiction and Computers
		If, in time interval I, character X decides to leave the room and character Y decides to shut the door, X may successfully leave the room (if he acts first), or he may run into a shut door.
		For example, areas outside the current deictic (narrative) centre might be given less processor time, and be simulated at a cruder grain.
		Individual authors simply don't have the time to stop every time they write a scene, and create every object in that scene as a 3D object, as well as the background.
	www.mud.co.uk /richard/ifan194.htm (5760 words)

	CTSS - Ursine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An early (1963) experiment in the design of interactive timesharing operating systems, ancestral to Multics, Unix, and ITS.
		The name ITS (Incompatible Time-sharing System) was a hack on CTSS, meant both as a joke and to express some basic differences in philosophy about the way I/O services should be presented to user programs.
		This page has been accessed 224 times (users and search engines combined).
	ursine.ca /CTSS (87 words)

	Bizwerk: Slowly but surely consumers are being taught the value of open systems that the hackers intuitively understood ...
		Richard enlists Ted Nelson and the two of them hack together a new time sharing sysem in "weeks of hard core hacking".
		Photo sharing was the wide mouth of the funnel that led you to print your photos -- and that meant you could not access the high-res originals that you yourself had uploaded.
		These were kept away from you (and your friends and family) so they could charge you for prints.
	bizwerk.blogspot.com /2005/08/slowly-but-surely-consumers-are-being.html (387 words)

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