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Topic: Incubation time

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	Incubation Time
		Since, in general, birds do not begin incubating until the clutch is complete, "incubation time" is defined as the period from the laying of the last egg of the clutch until that egg hatches (or, if individual eggs can't be identified, from the last egg laid to the first egg hatched).
		Incubation time is roughly correlated with the weight of the egg.
		Data to be gathered include who incubates (and if both parents do, how the load is shared), the proportion of time the eggs are covered in different kinds of weather, egg turning frequency, and elapsed time from laying to hatching.
	www.stanford.edu /group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Incubation_Time.html (476 words)

	Incubation Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The constancy of incubation often is genetically controlled and adapted to the habitat of the species.
		Since, in general, birds do not begin incubating until the clutch is complete, "incubation time" is defined as the period from the laying of the last egg of the clutch until that egg hatches (or, if individual eggs can't be identified, from the last egg laid to the first egg hatched).
		Incubation time is roughly correlated with the weight of the egg.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /birdsite/text/essays/Incubation_Time.html (476 words)

	Incubation and Hatching of Ratites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Incubation time (i.e., time from set to hatch) often is an indicator of incubation temperature.
		The time in the oviduct and the conditions therein, the post-oviposition/pre-incubation holding time and environment, the health and nutrition of the breeders, the structure and content of the egg itself, and the environment in the incubator and hatcher all affect the successful development of the fertilized ovum.
		The time required for the incubation process is determined by the genetic constitution of the species and modified by strain and individual differences, the egg structure, and various aspects of the environments to which the egg is exposed.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /PS006 (2051 words)

	CiteULike: Development of a quantitative relationship between inhibition percentage and both incubation time and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Development of a quantitative relationship between inhibition percentage and both incubation time and inhibitor concentration for inhibition biosensors--theoretical and practical considerations.
		the analytical signal) to both the inhibitor concentration and the incubation time is presented.
		The relevant physical, chemical and biochemical parameters required by the model are developed and discussed in terms of the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the organophosphorous pesticide, paraoxon.
	www.citeulike.org /user/biblio24/article/803969 (260 words)

	G8353 Incubation of Poultry, MU Extension
		Incubation procedures for other common farm poultry species such as turkeys and waterfowl are similar to those for chickens; however, there are differences in incubation times and optimum conditions.
		Incubation time may vary according to temperature of weather and incubator, size of egg, fertility of egg and vigor of the embryo, and a host of other factors.
		Mortality during the last three days of incubation may be the result of an accumulation of factors that weaken chicks to the point that they cannot survive the normal rigors of the hatching process.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/poultry/g08353.htm (4239 words)

	CDC - Estimating Time and Size of Bioterror Attack
		The incubation time distribution for anthrax has been estimated by Brookmeyer and colleagues on the basis of the Swerdlovsk outbreak (4); data describing the incubation distribution for smallpox are summarized by Fenner et al.
		Similarly, the estimates for the time of the attack improve from 1.1 days before the first case (estimated after day 1 of the outbreak) to 1.8 days before the first case is observed; the true time of attack is 1.8 days before the first case observed in the simulated outbreak (Figure 1).
		Given estimates of the initial size and time of attack, one can forecast the occurrence of future cases over time, as shown in Figure 1 (solid curve), where the forecast is made on the basis of cases observed through the end of day 5 after the first case was observed.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol10no7/03-0632.htm (2411 words)

	Effects of incubation time and sodium sulfite upon in-vitro digestibility estimates and sample filtering time by Jay ...
		We conducted 2 experiments to quantify the effects of incubation time, filtering method, forage type, and associated interactions on the precision and accuracy of in-vitro digestibility as estimates of in-vivo digestibility.
		Experiment I used 10 incubation times and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.), prairie grass, and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) hays to determine whether a single incubation time should be employed to estimate digestibility of a variety of forages.
		Results of this study confirm previous observations that a single incubation period should not be used to estimate in-vivo digestibility.
	uvalde.tamu.edu /jrm/sep95/hunt.htm (264 words)

	Q fever - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was first described by E.H. Derrick in abattoir workers in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia as a disease of unknown origin and therefore “query fever”.
		In 1937 the bacterium was isolated by F.M. Burnet and Freeman from one of Derrick’s patients for the first time and identified as Rickettsia-species.
		H.R. Cox and Davis isolated the pathogen from ticks in Montana, USA in 1938, described the transmission and it was officially named Coxiella burnetii the same year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Q_fever (594 words)

	Biophysical Journal: Theoretical modeling of prion disease incubation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Understanding the factors which regulate the incubation times for infectious prion diseases is important for assessing the risk of illness after potential exposure as well as for developing treatments which can delay disease onset.
		The incubation times can run into years and decades (Prusiner et al., 1982), and yet, at the laboratory scale have been found to be highly reproducible.
		As the dose of infection is increased in the laboratory, the incubation times become sharply defined and saturate to a dose-independent value.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200308/ai_n9265777 (1338 words)

	Incubation time does not mean idle time
		The incubation time of a virus refers to the time between individuals contracting the virus and when they start showing physical signs of infection.
		To measure whether a model's inclusion of latency and incubation times will influence population behaviour at steady state, comparisons are made between susceptibility phase plots.
		Incubators behave in the same manner as Infectives, hence increasing the total number of contacts between Susceptibles and Infectives.
	www.csse.uwa.edu.au /~scfu/caepidemic/exppaper.html (2235 words)

	Incubation: Heating Egg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A unique form of incubation is found in the turkey-like megapodes of Australia.
		Killdeer and some other shorebirds soak the feathers of their bellies and use them to wet the eggs before shading, thus helping to cool the developing embryos by evaporative heat loss.
		Eggs cool when incubation is interrupted, but this is not usually harmful, and few birds incubate continuously.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /birdsite/text/essays/Incubation.html (384 words)

	Incubation time for AIDS from French transfusion-associated cases.
		Incubation time for AIDS from French transfusion-associated cases.
		Although incubation time is a key parameter of the epidemiology of AIDS, statistical estimates based on transfusion-associated AIDS cases have, up to now, used only the single dataset provided by the AIDS program of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta.
		The previously encountered problem of very large confidence intervals (range larger than 100 years), is not observed, indicating that an accurate estimate for mean incubation time will be obtainable in the near future.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1989/aug/M8980405.html (318 words)

	Re: Incubation time for C. magnificus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is also in agreement with the majority of information, but it is true that I have read much shorter incubation times for C. magnificus, too.
		I see two possibilities for this: Either 4 weeks was an ASSUMPTION from an author (taking in account incubation times of 'similar' species, for example C. fulminantis which has indeed a much shorter incubation time) which was later quoted from others as a FACT.
		I would never consider it as impossible but due to my experience, C. magnificus has a rather long incubation time and I think that the eggs should be stored at elevated temperature.
	fins.actwin.com /killietalk/month.9903/msg00203.html (207 words)

	Biological Indicator Reduced Incubation Time (RIT) Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, there is a way to reduce the incubation time to as much as 24 hours.
		Reducing the BI incubation time can be a big financial asset to an organization bent on reducing inventory.
		When a manufacturer decides to reduce the BI incubation time the method chosen to validate the process is very crucial in ensuring a) a successful time reduction and b) ensuring that the process is adequately validated to meet FDA requirements.
	www.medicaldeviceschool.com /A00007.html (263 words)

	Molecular Diffusion into Ferritin: Pathways, Temperature Dependence, Incubation Time, and Concentration Effects -- Yang ...
		The observed effusion kinetics depends on both the incubation and effusion temperatures, and on the incubation time.
		Inset: Time evolution of the EPR spectrum for the effusion at 20°C. Conditions for incubation: 0.10 mM holoferritin; 3.0 mM nitroxide; 50 mM MOPS, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.0 at 20°C for 90 min.
		Incubation and effusion were conducted at 20°C. The lag time is a measure of the time required to traverse the protein shell.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/4/2049 (5934 words)

	Cardiac output distribution in response to hypoxia in the chick embryo in the second half of the incubation time -- ...
		In this study we found that in the second half of its incubation time, the chick embryo is a feasible animal for perinatal cardiovascular research in that determining CO distribution in normoxia, hypoxia and after reoxygenation using fluorescent microspheres is possible.
		During incubation the concentrations in the air cell of the egg of both oxygen and carbon dioxide change.
		The observed redistribution of the CO in reponse to hypoxia is not significant at 10-13 day incubation time but develops during the last third of incubation.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/508/1/281 (4664 words)

	Incubation for the Home Flock, G80-524-A
		Keep your incubator in a room where the temperature is between 70 and 75°F and which is free from drafts.
		Close the incubator door and sliding glass window and operate it until the temperature inside holds at 101 to 103°F. In units with a thermostatic control, adjust the thermostat to regulate the temperature.
		It is necessary to open the incubator door to turn the eggs and to replace water in the water pan, but never leave the door open any longer than absolutely necessary to do these chores.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /poultry/g524.htm (1210 words)

	Medical Question - Herpes Incubation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Incubation: The incubation periods for herpes simplex viruses, types 1 and
		herpes incubation period the infection with genital herpes incubation herpes incubation period period of genital herpes incubation herpes incubation period period of your doctor and symptoms or herpes
		The virus herpes incubation time is usually with in a very short time of infection, making a great difference in the incubation of the hpv wart virus and
	www.kingbolo.com /herpes-incubation.htm (285 words)

	Effect of Incubation Time on Recognition of Various Forms of Prolactin in Serum by the DELFIA Assay -- Hekim et al. 48 ...
		Effect of Incubation Time on Recognition of Various Forms of Prolactin in Serum by the DELFIA Assay -- Hekim et al.
		Effect of incubation time on the PRL results in samples containing various proportions of macroprolactin.
		time were 47% of those obtained with the 90-min incubation.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/48/12/2253 (1780 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Volta and the "Pile"
		It was not the first time that animal electricity was discussed (see the torpedo fish), but it was the first time that animal's reactions and natural or man-made electricity were connected.
		Other important improvements were introduced later like the introduction of "depolarizing" additives to the electrolyte, in order to reduce gas bubbles and sources of overpotential at the electrodes, or the development of gel electrolytes, to avoid the spilling of electrolyte from the moistened separators.
		An even longer time had to pass before the electrode overpotential could be explained in the frame of a theory on electrochemical reaction kinetics.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-v01-volta.htm (2657 words)

	UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MORRIS
		However for higher elevations, it is thought that the average incubation time might be different from 16.5 days.
		Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean of the incubations times for higher elevations.
		How large a sample should be to estimate the mean incubation time to within 0.5 days with 90% confidence.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~sungurea/introstat/public/2601exam99/exam3/math260199ex3sol.html (600 words)

	Identification of Two Prion Protein Regions That Modify Scrapie Incubation Time -- Supattapone et al. 75 (3): 1408 -- ...
		Brains were removed rapidly at the time of sacrifice, immersion-fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin.
		incubation times was not caused by a sequence-dependent prion
		108 or 189 lengthen incubation times in mice (10, 33).
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/3/1408 (3597 words)

	J Water Health - 02 (2004) 59-69 - Mukul Gupta and Charles N.Haas- The Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak: assessment ...
		The time course of reported illnesses (epidemic curve) in the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was analysed using a dynamic model considering time variant force of infection and incubation time distributions.
		Different functional forms for the force of infection and incubation time distribution were tested.
		These models gave a good fit to the data, although depending upon the functional forms of the underlying distributions, different incubation time and force of infection curves were obtained.
	www.iwaponline.com /jwh/002/jwh0020059.htm (206 words)

	Theoretical Modeling of Prion Disease Incubation -- Kulkarni et al. 85 (2): 707 -- Biophysical Journal
		The x-axis shows the incubation time and the y-axis shows the logarithm of the number of seeds inoculated.
		times and the deviation from the logarithmic behavior in the
		Measurement of the scrapie agent using an incubation time interval assay.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/2/707 (5851 words)

	KELLY HOPSKINVILLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The time of his sighting would thus be 6.30 instead of "around 7 p.m.", as mentioned in all references.
		Eric Maillot observed two times in the Ardennes forest dead stumps or branches invaded by a white mycelium, that were emitting a green bioluminescence, like the figures of a watch dial.
		It is surprising he says not to be aware that cartridges were recovered, as the Madisonville Messenger writes on August 22 "two..22 rifle cartridges were found by investigators" (12, p.14, without indicating the identity of the investigators or the time of their inquiry).
	francine.juncosa.club.fr /pages/souspagekelly3eng.htm (12240 words)

	Effects of Growth Medium, Inoculum Size, and Incubation Time on Culturability and Isolation of Soil Bacteria -- Davis ...
		Effects of Growth Medium, Inoculum Size, and Incubation Time on Culturability and Isolation of Soil Bacteria -- Davis et al.
		increased from 0 to 16% of the isolates with increasing incubation
		Effect of medium type and incubation time on development of colonies by pure cultures.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/826 (5986 words)

	Incubation Times
		Longer incubation times can be observed for the so called "resting eggs" which have not sufficiently been exposed to oxygen, water (droplets) and high temperatures.
		Please avoid shortening the incubation time of a species by reducing the eggs' natural dormancy period, as over several generations this might result in fish out of tune with weather conditions prevailing in their natural habitat (drought more frequent than not).
		Langere incubatie tijden kunnen echter waargenomen worden by de zo genaamde "rustende eieren" die niet voldoende in aanraking zijn gekomen met lucht zuurstof, water (druppels) en of hogere temperaturen.
	users.pandora.be /marc.bellemans/Incubation.htm (239 words)

	Incubation time for AIDS from French transfusion-associated cases
		ALTHOUGH incubation time is a key parameter of the epidemiology of AIDS, statistical estimates based on transfusion-associated AIDS cases have, up to now, used only the single dataset provided by the AIDS program of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta.
		, we estimate the mean incubation time for AIDS (median in brackets) to be 5.3 years (5.3 years) with a 90% confidence interval ranging from 4.4 to 8.9 years (4.4 to 8.8 years), when a Weibull distribution is postulated for incubation time.
		, is not observed, indicating that an accurate estimate for mean incubation time will be obtainable in the near future.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v338/n6218/abs/338768a0.html (284 words)

	Changing a single amino acid in the N-terminus of murine PrP alters TSE incubation time across three species barriers ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		of the incubation times and pathological lesions in 101PP and
		time of disease with the murine 22A strain of TSE.
		mutation to alter unpredictably the incubation time of disease
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/20/18/5070 (6104 words)

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