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Topic: Indecent photograph of a child

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	Indecent pseudo-photograph of a child - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Photographing a painting might create an image that lacks many of the elements that show the original image to be a painting: the size, frame, brush strokes, etc. But a photograph of a painting remains a "photograph" - and therefore a copy of it remains a "copy of a photograph".
		But an edited photograph of it might be considered to be an indecent pseudo-photograph of a child, and hence be classed as child pornography.
		However, an image of a child who is nude in a "legitimate setting" can still be considered to be indecent if the image was "indecent in the context in which it was taken".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indecent_pseudo-photograph_of_a_child (1934 words)

	Indecent photograph of a child - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An indecent photograph of a child is indecent, and shows a child.
		Simple possession of such photographs was not an offence until the passing of the Criminal Justice Act 1988, which depends upon the 1978 Act for the definitions of indecent photographs.
		The Sexual Offences Act 2003 raised the age of a child from 16 to 18, and created three new "pornography" offences: inciting a child to become involved in pornography (section 48); controlling the actions of a child involved in pornography (s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indecent_photograph_of_a_child (361 words)

	Indecent photograph of a child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A child was defined to be a person under 16 years of age.
		The Sexual Offences Act 2003 raised the age of a child to 18, and created three new "pornography" offences: inciting a child to become involved in pornography (section 48); controling the actions of a child involved in pornography (s.
		Whether or not a photograph is indecent is a question of fact, and as a question of fact it is something for a jury or magistrate to decide.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/indecent_photograph_of_a_child (434 words)

	Argument on the lawfulness of R. v. Bowden 1999
		One example might be the possession of indecent photographs of a child by a police officer in the investigation of a case of possession.
		To charge a person with 'making indecent photographs of children' where the images are stored in files that were downloaded from the Internet is oppressive since the only evidence that can be adduced will be the result of the investigating party committing exactly the same offence as the accused.
		On a closely related note, the number of offences committed while an indecent photograph of a child is displayed onscreen is unclear: the Court of Appeal says that the length of time an image remains on the screen is irrelevant but this is because the Court misunderstands the nature of the technology.
	www.geocities.com /pca_1978/arg.html (3738 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Porn trial set for Soham officers
		He faces five allegations of possessing an indecent photograph of a child between January and September 2002, and two charges of distributing an indecent photograph of a child during the same dates.
		A charge of inciting the distribution of indecent photographs of children was discontinued by the court.
		He is also charged with possession of an indecent photograph of a child with a view to it being distributed between June and September last year, and an alternative new charge of distribution of an indecent photo of a child between the same dates.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/2625355.stm (272 words)

	Incitement to distribute or show indecent photographs of children
		O'Shea was charged with three offences of unlawfully inciting another to distribute an indecent photograph of a child, contrary to common law, and three offences of attempting to incite, contrary to the Criminal Attempts Act 1981.
		He was charged with two counts of attempting to incite the distribution of indecent photographs of children and two counts of inciting the distribution of indecent photographs of children.
		In Bowden it was held that downloading an indecent image of a child from the Internet was sufficient to constitute an act of "making an indecent photograph of a child" since the image downloaded to the computer was a "copy of a photograph" that had been "made" (i.e.
	www.geocities.com /pca_1978/incitement.html (4474 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Indecent assault is a form of sex crime in many jurisdictions.
		Indecent assault is defined by UK law as any unwanted sexual behaviour or touching which is forced upon people against their will.
		Indecent exposure is the display of parts of the human body without clothing in a manner that is contrary to local custom and law.
	pardus.info /browse.php?title=I/IN/IND (10399 words)

	Indecent pseudo-photograph of a child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to Kirkhope, "Pseudo-photographs are technically photographs, but they are created by computer software such as MS Paintbrush by using more than one picture" (apparently quoting Yaman Akdeniz, Cases & Materials).
		In R v Fellows & Arnold (1996), the Court of Appeal considered whether a computer file containing data that could be converted into an on-screen image identical to the original photograph should be considered to be a photograph, or whether it should be considered to be a copy of a photograph.
		Might the logic from the Fellows & Arnold decision therefore mean that a photograph of a painting is a copy of a pseudo-photograph?
	sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/indecent_pseudo_photograph_of_a_child (1934 words)

	Child pornography: an international perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A review of child pornography legislation promulgated by different countries around the globe reveals something of a trend towards an increasing commitment to the protection of children from pornographic exploitation.
		The 1993 child protection law passed in the Philippines (Republic Act No. 7610) includes a provision which prohibits the employment or coercion of children under 18 years of age to perform in obscene exhibitions or indecent shows, whether live or video, or to model in obscene publication or pornographic materials.
		Since the advent of computer manipulated child pornography, several countries have passed legislation supporting an expanded definition of child pornography which includes "simulated" child pornography (where the person depicted is considered an adult by law but is obviously portraying a child) or "pseudo" child pornography which can be computer manipulated or computer generated pornography.
	www.crime-research.org /articles/536/5/comments/4 (1360 words)

	Printer Friendly Format - Ealing Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The allegations include one count of indecent assault of an unknown boy aged under 16.
		He also faces 22 counts of making an indecent photograph of a child and three charges that he had possession of indecent photographs of children.
		Two charges of taking an indecent photograph of a child were also levelled at Mr Vernon.
	www.ealingtimes.co.uk /misc/print.php?artid=571598 (109 words)

	Atkins v DPP
		G was convicted on >21 April 1999 on one count of having in his possession an indecent pseudo-photograph >of a child contrary to s.160(1) of the 1988 Act.
		The question posed for the High Court was as to whether the magistrates >were correct to decide that the two photographs, stuck together as they were, >constituted a photograph.
		Similarly, until 1994 photographs >were not defined to include computer images etc. The 1994 Act also introduced >the penalty of six months' imprisonment for offences contrary to s.160(1) of >the 1988 Act.
	www.chiark.greenend.org.uk /pipermail/ukcrypto/2000-March/008359.html (1087 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| England \| Soham officer faces porn charges
		Mr Stevens, whose case was adjourned for three weeks, faces charges of indecent assault on two girls under the age of 16 between October 1998 and October 2001.
		He also faces five counts of having an indecent photograph of a child between January and September 2002 and three of distributing an indecent photograph of a child over the same period.
		Pc Goodridge also faces charges of distributing an indecent photo of a child between June and September 2002 and also possession with a view to the distribution of an indecent photo of a child between the same dates.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/uk_news/england/2712661.stm (242 words)

	R v. Bowden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Facts: The appellant had been charged with 12 counts of having "made an indecent photograph" contrary to s.1(1)(a) Protection of Children Act 1978, and nine other offences of possessing an indecent photograph of a child under the age of 16 years contrary to s.160 Criminal Justice Act 1988.
		The appellant had pleaded not guilty to the 12 counts on the 1978 Act offences but changed his plea after a ruling from the judge that the appellant's behaviour had amounted to taking or making an indecent photograph and he was not merely in possession of them.
		The reproduction of indecent material to be found on the Internet was within the mischief aimed at by the legislation when the 1978 Act was amended by adding the words "to make".
	www.cyber-rights.org /documents/rvbowden.htm (583 words)

	[No title]
		They are also asked to declare whether or not any child in their care has been significantly harmed or put at risk o£ significant harm as a result of their actions.
		Neglect: The persistent or severe neglect of a child, or the failure to protect a child from exposure to any kind of danger, including cold or starvation, or extreme failure to carry out important aspects of care, resulting in the significant impairment of the child's health or development, including non-organic failure to thrive.
		While the seal of the confessional remains absolute, the priest should always consider whether children may still be at risk, so that he or she should urge the person making the confession to report the abuse to social services or the police, and whether absolution should be withheld until the person concerned does so.
	www.nathannetwork.org /policy.htm (11136 words)

	Criminal Justice and Courts Services Act 2000
		In section 1(1) of the Indecency with Children Act 1960 (indecent conduct towards young child), for "fourteen" there is substituted "sixteen".
		Indecent photographs of children: increase of maximum penalties.
		(b) for the sidenote there is substituted "Possession of indecent photograph of child".
	www.hmso.gov.uk /acts/acts2000/00043--g.htm (780 words)

	R v (1) GRAHAM WESTGARTH SMITH (2) MIKE JAYSON (2002)
		The recipient of an e-mail attachment containing an indecent image of a child would not commit an offence under s.1(1) by opening that attachment if he was unaware that it contained or was likely to contain an indecent image.
		That ruling was that browsing child pornography on the internet amounted to the offence if it resulted in: (i) an image being displayed on the computer's screen; or (ii) the automatic downloading of an image to a temporary internet cache, provided that there was the requisite mens rea.
		The necessary mens rea was that the act of making should be a deliberate and intentional act with the knowledge that the image was or was likely to be an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child.
	www.chiark.greenend.org.uk /pipermail/ukcrypto/2002-April/018915.html (630 words)

	Child Protection: Offences against children
		Abandonment or exposure of a child under 2 so as to endanger the child’s life or so as to injure the child's health permanently or be likely to do so.
		Allowing a child or young person under 16 to be in a brothel.
		Refusing to allow the visiting of a protected child or inspection of the premises or refusing to comply with or obstructing the removal of a child.
	www.diochi.org.uk /cp/p066.htm (753 words)

	Pseudo-photograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A pseudo-photograph is a image produced manually which is indistinguishable from a real photograph produced using a camera.
		Although the term pseudo-photograph can be applied regardless of what it depicts, in law its meaning is especially relevant regarding child pornography.
		In the UK, the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 amended the Protection of Children Act 1978 so as to define the concept of an indecent pseudo-photograph of a child.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ps/Pseudophotograph.htm (89 words)

	Printer Friendly Format - Hendon Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A BUSINESSMAN with an "awful curiosity" for weird images has been given a suspended prison sentence after almost 2,000 pictures of child porn were discovered on his computer.
		An investigation led police to his home in May last year when he was arrested and his computer equipment containing 1,950 indecent child porn images was seized.
		Judge Connor said he took into consideration that Rowinski's fiance is ill and that their business may well have suffered seriously if he had been sent to prison.
	www.hendontimes.co.uk /misc/print.php?artid=515055 (293 words)

	ShropshireStar.com - News - Article - Porn photos man gets jail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Steven Meades had a total of 6,023 indecent photographs on his PC when police raided his home in August 2003, including 38 which showed pornograpy of the most shocking nature.
		He also admitted being in possession of 5,978 indecent photographs of children on August 28 2003 and the possession of 33 indecent photographs of children for distribution or show for himself or others between June 27 and August 30 2003.
		It revealed 4,535 photographs at level one, which depicts erotic posing by children; 242 at level two, which shows sexual activity between children; 888 at level three, which shows sexual activity between adults and children; 320 at level four, which illustrates sex between adults and children and 38 at level five.
	www.shropshirestar.com /show_article.php?aID=30469 (369 words)

	Association of Chief Police Officers - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The aim of the memorandum is to clarify the position for those acting in a professional capacity to combat the creation and distribution of images of child abuse.
		“This memorandum ensures that those who have a legitimate need to be able to identify and act on the receipt of an indecent photograph of a child are able to do so in accordance with the terms of the memorandum without fear of prosecution.
		A defence is available where a person ‘making’ such a photograph or pseudo-photograph can prove that it was necessary to do so for the purposes of the prevention, detection or investigation of crime, or for the purposes of the prevention, detection or investigation of crime, or for the purposes of criminal proceedings.
	www.acpo.police.uk /news/2004/q4/acpo_cps_mou.html (467 words)

	Thailand Forum > Tsunami 'victim' Safe In Prison
		Police, who issued a photograph of Mr Doogue for his sons when they thought he was missing, said on Monday that Mr Doogue was "safe and well".
		Doogue, from Wilmott Street, Manchester, was convicted at Bury Magistrates Court on December 1, 2004, of distributing an indecent photograph of a child and possessing indecent photographs of children.
		A DAD who let relatives fear he was dead in the Indian Ocean tsunami when he was actually in a Salford jail for child pornography has been disowned by his family.
	www.thaivisa.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php?t24564.html (2013 words)

	Guardian \| Danielle's uncle charged over drugs and photos
		The charges include taking indecent photographs of a child and imprisoning a girl, on dates ranging from 1979 to June this year.
		Detective Superintendent Peter Coltman, in charge of the investigation, said he believed she was abducted and thought it was "very unlikely" that she ran away.
		• Between January 1 2000 and June 22 2001, in Grays, Campbell took indecent photographs of a child.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4242039-103690,00.html (419 words)

	Safe and Secure: Appendix 9, Diocese of Durham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Murder or manslaughter of a child or young person under eighteen.
		s27 Abandonment or exposure of a child under two so as to endanger the child's life or so as to injure the child's health permanently or be likely to do so.
		Caring for and accommodating a child in a children’s home which is not registered, or breach of conditions attaching to registration of a registered children’s home.
	www.durham.anglican.org /reference/childprot/app-10.htm (890 words)

	::: u.tv ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A Crown lawyer said he was vigorously opposing a bail application by Robert Steele, a 24-year-old storeman, because of the grave risk of further offences if he was released.
		Steele, of Tildarg Street, Belfast, is accused of possessing and making an indecent photograph of a child.
		Barrister David Hopley said Steele`s home was raided in March because of suspicions that he was down-loading pornographic images of children.
	u.tv /newsroom/indepth.asp?id=60067&pt=n (250 words)

	Diocese of Ely Child Protection Policy Sheet 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		s27 Abandonment or exposure of a child under two so as to endanger the child's life or so as to injure the child's health permanently or be likely to do so.
		s3 Allowing a child or young person under sixteen to be in a brothel.
		S1l Exposing a child under seven to risk of burning.
	www.ely.anglican.org /education/2001/children/protect/sheet11 (869 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Opinions
		Technology is being used by child pornographers and molesters to further their criminal activity.
		We talk of protection of children, but this facet of child abuse, which is increasing in our society, has not been dealt with either under the cyber laws or under the IPC.
		The need is to make a provision to cover child pornography so that it deters those who make children victims of such inhuman and degrading crimes.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/20050310/edit.htm (4961 words)

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