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	Indentured Servitude
		Skilled laborers were often indentured for four or five years, while unskilled workers often had to remain under the master’s control for seven or more years.
		Servants fared better than slaves in other respects; they had access to the courts and were entitled to own land.
		The servants of this era were often uneducated and could be cheated by unscrupulous masters, who could forge new contracts with terms more favorable to themselves.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1157.html (659 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Indentured servant
		Indentured servitude is not identical with involuntary servitude and slavery.
		Indentured Servitude was not the same as the apprenticeship system by which skilled trades were taught, but similarities do exist between the two mechanisms, in that both require a set period of work.
		Indentured servants rebelled in Virginia in response to poor work conditions and the hardships they faced after they were freed, which could include a lack of land, poverty, taxes, militia duty, and forced labor on county projects.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Indentured (2332 words)

	Indentured servant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indentured servitude is not identical with involuntary servitude and slavery.
		Indentured servitude was a common part of the landscape in England and Ireland during the 1600s.
		Ideally, an indentured servant's lot in the establishment would be no harder than that of a contemporary apprentice, who was similarly bound by contract and owed hard, unpaid labor while "serving his time." At the end of the allotted time, an indentured servant was to be given a new suit of clothes and set loose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indentured_servant (1429 words)

	indentured servant in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		An 'Indentured servant' is an unfree labourer under contract to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person or a company/corporation, often without any monetary pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials, training, or passage to a new country.
		There have been multiple occasions where the indentured servatude has been abused, an example, where an indentured servant needs goods or services not available or supplied at a cost within the terms of the indenture finds that to obtain such goods or services requires the period of their indenture to be extended.
		Indentured servitude was a method of increasing the number of residents/ emigrants, especially in the British colonies.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Indentured_servitude (1223 words)

	Indentured servant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indentured servitude was a form of, usually of a forced nature.
		The agreement could also be in exchange for professional training; after being the indentured servant to a flsmith for several years, one would expect to work as a flsmith on one's own account after the period was over.
		An indentured servant's lot in the establishment was often no harder than that of a contemporary apprentice, who was similarly bound by contract and owed hard, unpaid labor while "serving his time." At the end of the allotted time, an indentured servant was given a new suit of clothes and set loose.
	www.calabasas.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Indentured_servitude (1075 words)

	Indenture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Indenture comes from the medieval English "indenture of retainer" — a legal contract written in duplicate on the same sheet, with the copies separated by cutting along a jagged (toothed, hence the term "indenture") line so that the teeth of the two parts could later be refitted to confirm authenticity.
		Perhaps its best known use was in establishing a contract for slavery or apprenticeship and this use is more fully discussed under Indentured servant.
		Certainly in England an Indenture was commonly used as a form of sealed contract or agreement, especially where land and buildings were concerned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indenture (197 words)

	sociology - Indentured servant
		An Indentured servant is an unfree labourer under contract to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person, often without any pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials and/or free passage to a new country.
		An indentured servant's lot in the establishment was often no harder than that of a contemporary apprentice, who was similarly bound by contract and owed hard, unpaid labor while "serving his time." At the end of the allotted time, an indentured servant was given a new suit of clothes and set loose.
		After indentures were forbidden, the passage had to be prepaid, giving rise to the inhumane conditions of Irish "coffin ships" in the second half of the 19th century.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Indenture (1016 words)

	Indentured servant
		A major problem with the system of indentured servitude was that in many cases, an indentured servant would become indebted to their employer, who would forgive the debt in exchange for an extension to the period of their indenture, which could thereby continue indefinitely.
		In other cases, indentured servants were subject to violence at the hands of their employers in the homes or fields in which they worked.
		Indentured servants rebelled in Virginia in response to poor work conditions and the hardships they faced after they were freed, which could include a lack of land, poverty, taxes, militia duty, and forced labor on county projects.
	www.jgames.co.uk /title/Indentured_servant (2754 words)

	GenBook91
		Also, the period of indenture was often utilized by the ‘master’ for training a craft to the ‘servant.’ In essence, the indentured servant was often simply forced into an apprenticeship.
		The indentured servant might learn a trade or craft which would provide a livelihood later in his life, and he was assured of eventually being set free from servitude.
		The primary difference between bound servants and servants was that if the immigrant enterred into indentured servitude of his or her own free will in order to pay for something for which he or she had no means to pay otherwise, he or she were simply considered to be a servant.
	www.motherbedford.com /GenBook91.htm (1514 words)

	Indentured servitude - Conservapedia
		Indentured servitude consisted of a worker (the "indentured servant"), usually from a foreign country, agreeing to work for a specific time, usually about 7-8 years, to pay off his costs of travel to the new country.
		Indentured servitude was most popular in the early Virginia colony in the 1600s, when many workers were needed to farm tobacco.
		The term "indentured" comes from the type of legal contract that the employer and employee would sign (an indenture), obligating the employer to pay the cost of passage across the Atlantic and provide room and board while the servant was obligated to work for up to seven years.
	www.conservapedia.com /Indentured_Servitude (160 words)

	Subject: Indentured Servants
		If a female servant became pregnant, regardless of who the father of the child might be, her term could be extended for the period of time during which she was incapable of working due to pregnancy and any consequences thereof.
		If an indentured servant was accused of fathering a child, he could face legal action and if the mother of the child was another servant, the time she might miss on account of her condition could be added to the servant-father's time as well as her own.
		Servants were usually to work for a set number of years at a specific trade, if one was already had, or learning a trade could be part of the bargain.
	abqgen.swnet.com /article1.html (659 words)

	Hampton National Historic Site - Indentured Servants (U.S. National Park Service)
		Therefore the term ‘indentured servant’ is used here in a generic sense to describe all British workers under contract to labor for the Ridgelys and the Northampton ironworks.
		The buyers of indentured servants dealt with the importers or the agents of the importers of the servants and it was there that terms of service were fixed.
		Although this is not explicit in the accounts, it appears that most of the indentured servants who appealed to the courts lost their appeals on the basis of lost time which had been multiplied and added to original terms.
	www.nps.gov /hamp/historyculture/indentured-servants.htm (7860 words)

	White Servitude
		In law an indenture was a contract in which the servant promised faithful service for a specified period of time in return for his housing and keep and, at the end of his term of work, that small sum of things, known as "freedom dues," which his master promised him upon their parting.
		All bonded servants, indentured and redemptionist, were chattels of their masters, but the terminability of their contracts and the presence of certain legal rights stood between them and slavery.
		Penniless servants were, of course, at a disadvantage in courts manned by representatives of the master class: in effect they were appealing to the community pride, compassion, or decency of the magistrates, and the sense that there were certain things that ought not be done to a white Christian.
	www.mc.cc.md.us /Departments/hpolscrv/whiteser.html (7542 words)

	Deborah E. Hamer: America: A Promised Land? - Gaines Junction
		Servants contracts represented “large investments to their masters in the form of debts owed to them by their servants.” 9Because servants represented such an expensive investment, masters needed the flexibility to be able convert them to more liquid assets.
		Indentured servants made up the cost of their purchase at the end of one year, and they were considered the most lucrative import in the entire colony.
		Servants received “freedom dues” at the end of their indentures, and the law dictated that masters give male servants fifty acres of land.
	gainesjunction.tamu.edu /issues/vol3num1/dhamer (5234 words)

	Redemptioners, Indentured Servants
		Some of these indentured servants came of their own accord, voluntarily agreeing to serve their masters for a certain term of years, usually four to seven, in return for their passage.
		On the negative side, it must be acknowledged that it was riddled with fraudulent practices and that prospective servants were lured to detention houses to be held for shipment overseas through coercive procedures which often gave rise to charges of kidnapping.
		An unruly indentured servant was whipped or punished for improper behavior.
	www.irelandoldnews.com /History/runaways.htm (1854 words)

	Indentured Servitude in Colonial America
		One indentured servant, Thomas Morally, was given three biscuits a day to eat and each mess of five men was given three pints of water per day.
		If an indentured servant had a skill that was in demand, like weaving, smithing or carpentry, the change of negotiating a shorter contract was quite good.
		In practice, however, indentured servants were basically slaves and the courts enforced the laws that made it so.
	www.geocities.com /nai_cilh/servitude.html (788 words)

	Thirteen/WNET - Online Pressroom - Press Release
		As their only servant, Jonathon carries out all the physical work in the house: chopping firewood, fetching water, building fences, mending the mud walls, and performs colony chores like caring for the animals.
		Her day consists mainly of cooking at the hearth to feed a large family and a number of servants who live in the house and endless hours milking the Colony's goats.
		He is a hard worker and his labor, together with that of the other male servants and freemen of the Colony, provide the foundations of the building of the Colony.
	www.thirteen.org /pressroom/release.php?get=1056 (1166 words)

	Virtual Jamestown - About the Indentured Servants Registers
		The contracts indicate not only the servant's name and length of indenture, but also the name of the servant's parents and owner, their home province and city, occupation, destination, and ship of embarkation.
		Servants listed their place of origin as towns and provinces all over England, as well as many foreign countries such as Ireland and France.
		Lengths of indenture varied from 3 to 7 years, with the average length for females being 4.3 years, and for males, 4.44 years.
	www.virtualjamestown.org /indentures/about_indentures.html (1060 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Indentured servant
		Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which adults and/or children are employed against their will by the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), or other extreme hardship to themselves, or to members of their...
		The Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which was designed to facilitate the mass deportation of nearly all the Pacific Islanders working in Australia.
		Indentured servitude was a normal part of the landscape in England and Ireland during the 1600s.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indentured-servant (3082 words)

	History Detectives . Investigations . Feature - Indentured Servants in the U.S. \| PBS
		Indentured servants became vital to the colonial economy.
		An indentured servant's contract could be extended as punishment for breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female servants, becoming pregnant.
		Some servants did rise to become part of the colonial elite, but for the majority of indentured servants that survived the treacherous journey by sea and the harsh conditions of life in the New World, satisfaction was a modest life as a freeman in a burgeoning colonial economy.
	www.pbs.org /opb/historydetectives/investigations/212_indenturedfeature.html (475 words)

	NWHM Cyber Exhibit, Building the New World: The Women of Jamestown Settlement
		The law specified, for example, the clothing that was due to a servant when his or her term was completed, and servants could go to court if they felt that they were being mistreated.
		On the other hand, women who became pregnant while indentured could have their terms extended to reimburse the master for the loss of time the servant was unable to work and for the economic burden of her child.
		Because servants were not allowed to marry, some women used this situation to deliberately become pregnant, hoping that the father of her child would buy out her contract – and often the plan worked as intended.
	www.nwhm.org /exhibits/jamestownwomen/10.htm (219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the contract was completed, indentured servants were freed and received their promised land and “freedom dues.” Maryland: A Case Study When the Calvert family was starting the colony of Maryland, they granted some wealthy colonists large pieces of land that they used to start tobacco plantations.
		Many of the indentured servants were Europeans who wanted to move to the colonies but had little or no money to pay for their travel.
		Although indentured servants were thought of as beggars, thieves, and riffraff, they actually represented a broad range of working people from English society.
	www.econed.org /html/lessons/data/746600.doc (3009 words)

	Indentured Servants - Thomas Jefferson Wiki
		In these cases, the term “indentured servant” is used in accordance with its most familiar definition: individuals from outside the colonies who contracted to work for–usually–four or five years in return for passage to America, or who were convicts transported to America as punishment for crimes or indebtedness.
		Indentured servitude in Virginia was a kind of temporary slavery.
		Both had been brought from Italy to Virginia as indentured servants by Jefferson’s neighbor Philip Mazzei and had fulfilled their contracts by the time Jefferson hired them.
	wiki.monticello.org /mediawiki/index.php/Indentured_Servants (668 words)

	Servants and Slaves
		An indentured servant was a person who agreed to
		Not all indentured servants came willingly to the British colonies.
		indentured servants were people who were kidnapped and then sold in the
	www.watertown.k12.ma.us /cunniff/americanhistorycentral/06lifeinbcolonies/Servants_and_S.html (178 words)

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