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Topic: Independence (disambiguation)

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	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, generally exercising sovereignty.
		The term independence is used in contrast to subjugation, which refers to a region as a "territory" —subject to the political and military control of an external government.
		Independence may be obtained by decolonization, or by separation or dismemberment.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Independence (434 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Independence Day - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Proclaimed independence from Spain in August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement in August 2, 1810.
		Independence from Australia of the former Territories of New Guinea, and Papua, in 1975.
		(Araw ng Kalayaan) Independence from Spain in 1898.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Independence_Day.htm (618 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Independence (disambiguation)
		In business, an independent business is a term of distinction and is generally used to refer to businesses which are privately owned as opposed to those publicly owned through a distribution of shares on the market.
		Independents reached particular prominence between 1642 and 1660, in the period of the English Civil War and of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, wherein the Parliamentary Army became the champion of Independent religious views against the Anglicanism or the Catholicism of Royalists and the Presbyterianism favoured by Parliament itself.
		Independence is the status of a state or country whose government is not subject to any other government.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Independent (560 words)

	Dominion - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		However the independence of the Dominions in forign policy, including war, was made clear by the passing and ratification of the Statute of Westminster in 1931.
		The principle of Dominion equality with Britain and independence in foreign relations was formally recognized by the Balfour Declaration adopted at the Imperial Conference of November 1926.
		For example, in a move that emphasised the independence of the separate realms, after the accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, she was proclaimed not just as Queen of the U.K., but also Queen of Canada, Queen of Australia, Queen of New Zealand, and of all her other "realms and territories" etc.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/d/o/m/Dominion.html (2648 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		The nation was founded by thirteen colonies declaring their independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776 and ratifying the Articles of Confederation, on March 1, 1781.
		With the division of the Carolinas in 1729, and the colonization of Georgia in 1732, the 13 British colonies that became the United States of America in 1776 were established and all had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men.
		Independent or so-called "third party" candidates tend to do better in lower-level elections, although there are presently some independent members of the Senate.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=USA (6133 words)

	Countries of the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It dates its independence to 1291; historically it was a confederation, and it has been a federation since 1848, with a current division into 26 cantons or "counties/states".
		In Early Modern Switzerland, the conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the battles of Villmergen in 1656 and 1712, and the growing authoritarianism of the patriciate families combined with a financial crisis in the wake of the Thirty Years' War led to the Swiss peasant war of 1653.
		The Swiss National Independence Day, centered on the Rütli meadow in the center of Switzerland on August 1, is very popular with the Swiss themselves, and this celebration is a festive day across Switzerland, with large and impressive fireworks displays in all the towns, on the lakes, and even remote locations scattered across the mountainsides.
	wikipediaworld.blogspot.com /2007/02/switzerland-from-wikipedia-free.html (5917 words)

	independence
		Independence for a country, organization or branch of government is the same as self-rule, as opposed to being ruled by someone else.
		Establishing such independence sometimes implies a violent break-out or spin-off, and is the reason for recurring celebration by the winner.
		For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession.
	www.mcfly.org /independence (114 words)

	Independence Day (United States) Summary
		Independence Day is commonly associated with parades, barbecues, picnics, baseball games, and various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States.
		Despite the genesis of Independence Day, it is largely uncommon for Americans to express anti-British sentiment on the day or to view it as a celebration of anti-colonialism (it is also unusual to remember the aid given to the Americans by European powers such as France and the Dutch Republic).
		Independence Day, as the only holiday celebrating the United States as a whole, is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays.
	www.bookrags.com /Independence_Day_(United_States) (4386 words)

	Asian EFL Journal: English Language Teaching and Research Articles
		Disambiguation may have several manifestations, one of which is to use certain optional words like that in between two clauses of a complex sentence.
		This class of linguistic structures are composed of those that present the speaker with the choice of including an optional constituent for the sake of disambiguating his utterance or to forgo the use of such words for being economical.
		Disambiguation and economization forces were found to have a significant effect on the choice of optional words (e.g.
	www.asian-efl-journal.com /pta_feb_04_fs.php (6424 words)

	United States - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		With the Declaration of Independence, the thirteen colonies proclaimed themselves to be nation states modeled after the European states of the time.
		Under this new union, the continued status of the individual states as sovereign nation states fell into dispute in 1861, as several states attempted to secede from the union; in response, then-President Abraham Lincoln claimed that such secession was illegal, and the result was the American Civil War.
		Following the Union victory in 1865, the independent status of the individual states has not been broached again by any state, and the status of each state within the union, has been deemed by mainstream officials and academics to be settled as being subordinate to the union as a whole.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/u/n/i/United_States_09d4.html (5935 words)

	India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country.
		Since independence, India has seen sectarian violence and insurgencies in various parts of the country, but has maintained its unity and democracy.
		India's independent judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India.
	blogs.cjb.net /mohamad/102062 (2215 words)

	United States Securities and Exchange Commission Summary
		The operating policies of the ISB are designed to permit timely, thorough, and open study of issues involving auditor independence and to encourage broad public participation in the process of establishing and improving independence standards.
		The mission of the ISB is to establish independence standards applicable to audits of public entities in order to serve the public interest and to protect and promote investors' confidence in the securities markets.
		The SEC was established by the Congress in 1934 as an independent, non-partisan, quasi-judicial regulatory agency following years of depression caused by the Great Crash of 1929.
	www.bookrags.com /United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission (3891 words)

	Savanna - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the years preceding the War of Independence the political issues excited much partisanship.
		On the 4th of July' the same Provincial Congress again met, and soon the royal administration collapsed.
		Probably the first naval capture of the War of Independence was made off Tybee Island on the 10th of July, when a schooner,.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Savanna (1431 words)

	Until recently, most NLP research has been focused on the understanding of a larger text
		The methods used for word-sense disambiguation on a larger text cannot successfully be applied to such a domain.
		the word plant is disambiguated to refer to a factory by the surrounding words (corporation, business, expenses, manufacturing, factory, etc.) which all point to the current domain of a manufacturing plant.
		The same techniques used here to allow disambiguation to be applied to small collocations of words should also be more broadly applicable to other areas of word sense disambiguation where the current methods fail due to a lack of domain-dependence exhibited by the target word.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~phillips/RevisedProposal.htm (1976 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - United States
		The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii).
		The United States traces its national origin to the United Colonies of America governed by the Second Continental Congress formed in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence by the thirteen British colonies in 1776 that they were free and independent states.
		With the Declaration of Independence, the thirteen colonies transformed themselves into nation states modeled after the European states of the time.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/US (4050 words)

	An Overview of the Intel IA-64 Compile
		The simplest disambiguation cases are direct scalar or structure references.
		The compiler may disambiguate these two memory references either by determining that a and b are different memory objects or that field1 and field2 are non-overlapping fields.
		In general, in order to disambiguate this pair of memory references, the compiler must perform points-to analysis [12], which determines the set of memory objects that each pointer could possibly point to.
	developer.intel.com /technology/itj/q41999/articles/art_1e.htm (905 words)

	India at AllExperts
		Colonised as part of the British Empire in the nineteenth century, India gained independence in 1947 as a unified nation after an intense struggle for independence.
		From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country laying the foundations of ancient India.
		In the early twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress, and various revolutionary groups.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/in/india.htm (3586 words)

	Countries of the world
		In 1808, Freetown became a British Crown Colony, and in 1896, the interior of the country became a British Protectorate.
		However, the Creoles were a small minority in the combined colony and protectorate, and in the elections of 1951 the protectorate-based Sierra Leone Peoples party (SLPP), led by Dr. Milton Margai (a Mende), emerged victorious.
		On Apr. 27, 1961, Sierra Leone became an independent nation, with Milton Margai as prime minister.
	wikipediaworld.blogspot.com (4239 words)

	ACL3 Project 2000/1
		Given, that the core task of POS tagging is to choose the correct tag for each word in context from a set of possible tags, then if the tagging (or disambiguation) method is efficient, then our parser is more likely to act efficiently, minimising error.
		In section 1.3 on statistical independence the basic idea behind POS tagging was explained, yet this method (called the ‘standard unigram baseline method’) was very primitive and chose the interpretation that occurred most frequently in the corpus without taking any context/collocations into account.
		Though these independence assumptions are not really valid, the estimates tend to work quite well in practice.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /~away/PROJ3/00-01/dowling.htm (4780 words)

	Angola information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After a 14 year independence guerrilla war, and the overthrow of fascist Portugal's government by a military coup, Angola's nationalist parties began to negotiate for independence in January 1975.
		Independence was to be declared in November 1975.
		The MPLA declared itself to be the de facto government of the country when independence was formally declared in November, with Agostinho Neto as the first President.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Angola (2376 words)

	José Ruiz de Mendoza, Semantic Underdetermination
		In this case, the information is not an independent proposition or a set of propositions which contribute to the inferential activity as part of a reasoning process which works on a premise-conclusion basis.
		As a consequence, metaphoric mappings have the effect of creating sets of explicatures which are relatively independent of the assumption to be developed, while explicatures produced by metonymic mappings involve either an expansion or a reduction of the conceptual material which makes up the initial assumption schema.
		The generic space, as we have seen, is built independently of the interaction, and the metonymy helps derive the relevant set of explicatures as part of the metaphoric target.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Abstracts/Ruiz_99.html (13316 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It dates its independence to 1291; historically it was a confederation, and it has been a federation since 1848, with a current division into 26 cantons.
		Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, economic concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion.
		Women were granted the right to vote in the first Swiss cantons in 1959, at the federal level in 1971, and after resistance, in the last canton Appenzell Innerrhoden in 1990.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Switzerland (6625 words)

	[No title]
		In addition to these assumptions about the measured independencies in the data and the nature of the underlying causal structure, the algorithms are restricted by being purely observational, which leaves them unable to distinguish between causal structures that do not produce distinct independencies in the data.
		The algorithms' conclusions range from the determination of definite and direct causal links between variables, to cases in which there must or may be unmeasured common causes explaining causal links, to cases where the direction of causality cannot be determined from the data and maybe also be due to unmeasured common causes.
		As implied by that answer, the disambiguation steps are interdependent and thus local mistakes can propagate in the form of misapplications of these criteria.
	web.media.mit.edu /~pgorniak/papers/tenenbaum_answers.txt (3497 words)

	Delivery Context Overview for Device Independence
		Among these attributes, the ones that are most relevant for achieving device independence are those that characterize the presentation capabilities of the access mechanism, the delivery capabilities of the network and the presentation preferences of the user.
		From the point of view of device independence, the main concern is accurately reflecting the capabilities of the access mechanism and the presentation preferences of the user.
		In this case is necessary to perform parallel disambiguation to determine which of the client devices, and possibly which modality or other grouping on that device, provides a particular property.
	www.w3.org /2001/di/public/dco/dco-draft-20020912 (6419 words)

	Independence Missouri
		Independence for a country, organization or branch of government is the same asself-rule, as opposed to being ruled by someone else.
		The date of independence ported into many articles from the CIAWorld Factbook is defined as follows: for most countries, [ ] date that sovereignty was achieved [ ].
		For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in thestrict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification,federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/20648-independence-missouri.html (354 words)

	independence - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Independence, independence : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Independence, independence : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include independence: independence day, declaration of independence, texas independence day, independence hall, war of greek independence, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=independence&ls=a (301 words)

	USA - ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The nation was founded by thirteen colonies declaring their independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776 and ratifying the Articles of Confederation, on March 1, 1781.
		The phrase "united States of America" [sic] was first used officially in the Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776.
		Independent or so-called "third party" candidates tend to do better in lower-level elections, although there are presently some independent members of the Senate.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/USA (5408 words)

	Poland
		It regained independence in 1918 in the aftermath of the First World War as the Second Polish Republic.
		Labour turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent Trade union, "Solidarity", which over time became a political force.
		It eroded the dominance of the Communist Party; by 1989 it had triumphed in parliamentary elections, and Lech Wałęsa, a Solidarity candidate, eventually won the presidency in 1990.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/po/Poland.htm (2958 words)

	independence - Secession Search swicki - powered by eurekster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		to independence, and the outside pressure of the UN to push them towards independence is...
		Signers of the Declaration of Independence - Hidde...
		Independence is not just one of these commercial distributions who have been...
	secession-search-swicki.eurekster.com /independence (367 words)

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