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	Independence Rock, Wyoming
		Neither Independence Rock nor nearby Devil's Gap are visible from a distance.
		Independence Rock is still hidden to the left.
		Independence Rock is liberally covered with graffiti from Oregon Trail travelers and later.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/projects/geoweb/participants/dutch/VTrips/IndepRock.HTM (333 words)

	Independence Rock State State Historic Site, Wyoming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As Independence Rock was slowly uncovered by erosion, the immense pressures of the weight of overlying rock were gradually lessened.
		Windblown sand and silt have grooved the rock and polished it to a high gloss in a process called "windfaceting." It is because of this smoother surface that the pioneers were able to easily carve their names into the rock.
		Independence Rock is most famous for the names inscribed on its face: the names and dates of people who passed by this place in search of a new life in the frontier.
	wyoparks.state.wy.us /irslide.htm (605 words)

	Independence Rock (Wyoming) - Slider
		Independence Rock is a large granite rock, approximately 120 ft (36 mi) high, in southwestern Natrona County, Wyoming.
		During the middle of the 19th century, the rock was a prominent and well-known landmark on the Oregon Trail.
		During the period of westward emigration on the trail (from 1843 to 1869), it was common for emigrants to carve their names in the granite rock, especially near the summit.
	enc.slider.com /Enc/Independence_Rock_(Wyoming) (233 words)

	Independence Rock (Wyoming) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Independence Rock is a large granite rock, approximately 120 ft (36 m) high, in southwestern Natrona County, Wyoming along Wyoming Highway 220.
		During the middle of the 19th century, the rock was a prominent and well-known landmark on the Oregon Trail and Mormon Trail.
		The rock is a large rounded extrusion of Archaen granite typically of the surrounding region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independence_Rock_(Wyoming) (330 words)

	Wyoming @ RockyMountainRoads.com - Miscellaneous Wyoming Photos
		Wyoming 74 is a very short, unsigned route consists entirely of a bridge that connects Bridge Street on either side of it in downtown Saratoga.
		Wyoming 530 (Uinta Drive) is a four-lane highway as it crosses the viaduct that carries the state highway over the Union Pacific Railroad tracks.
		In Wyoming it is traditional for the last sign in a port-of-entry approach sequence to give the hours the port is open, and the supplementary plate serves this function.
	www.rockymountainroads.com /misc_wy.html (1506 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		WYOMING, one of the Mountain states of the U.S., bounded on the N by Montana; on the E by South Dakota and Nebraska; on the S by Colorado and Utah; and on the W by Utah, Idaho, and Montana.
		Wyoming, with an area of 253,349 sq km (97,818 sq mi), is the tenth largest state in the U.S.; 46.5% of the land area is owned by the federal government.
		According to the 2000 census, Wyoming had 493,782 inhabitant, an increase of 8.9% over 1990; however, the previous census showed a decrease of 3.4% from 1980, while during the 1970s Wyoming was one of the fastest-growing states in the country.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/states/wyoming.html (3138 words)

	Wyoming (state) - MSN Encarta
		Fort Laramie National Historic Site recalls Wyoming’s vivid past, for many of its buildings were used in the l9th century when Fort Laramie was the most important military post on the Oregon Trail.
		Other interesting places to visit are Independence Rock and Register Cliff, landmarks on the Oregon Trail for l9th-century pioneers, thousands of whom inscribed their names on them.
		Wyoming’s state constitution went into effect in 1890, at the time Wyoming was admitted to the Union.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575281_7/Wyoming_(state).html (677 words)

	Wyoming
		Wyoming’s state symbol is the bucking horse and rider.
		Wyoming raises cattle, sheep, lambs, hogs, and pigs.
		Wyoming's flag is a flag with a red border with a blue background color and a white imprint of a buffalo.
	www2.lhric.org /Pocantico/usa99/wy.htm (583 words)

	Wyoming Stations
		Split Rock Relay Station was a crude log structure with a pole corral and was located on the south side of the Sweetwater River.
		Independence Rock was a well-known landmark on the Sweetwater River.
		Independence Rock was a favorite resting place for those bound for Oregon, California and the Salt Lake Valley along the Mormon and Oregon Trails.
	www.xphomestation.com /wysta.html (1172 words)

	Wyoming Vacation Guide
		Wyoming is nicknamed the "Cowboy State." Wyoming is home to the world's first national park, Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872; the first national monument, Devils Tower; and the first national forest, Shoshone.
		Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote, earning Wyoming yet another nickname, "The Equality State." Agriculture and mining are important economic industries in modern day Wyoming.
		What is now Wyoming came to the attention of the world in the 1800s, as western pioneers trekked across the area on their quest for what awaited beyond the prairie's and the mountains.
	www.yellowstone.net /wyoming.htm (699 words)

	Wyoming Outdoors & Nature - National Parks, Yellowstone, Grand Tetons - WyomingTourism.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Wyoming is a vast, open country sprinkled with sagebrush, pronghorn antelope and an air of freedom unmatched anywhere else in the lower 48.
		Wyoming is also home to canyons with stretches of whitewater offering enough bounce and splash for even the most thrill-seeking, expert rafters.
		Wyoming is known as one of the few places in the United States where you can see wildlife from all major highways.
	www.wyomingtourism.org /cms/d/outdoors_nature.php (777 words)

	Wyoming Historical Facts
		One of the earliest explorers of Wyoming was John Colter in 1807.
		Wyoming is also known as the "Equality State" because of the rights women have traditionally enjoyed here.
		Independence Rock-Fifty miles southwest of Casper, Independence Rock was a well-known landmark on the Oregon Trail.
	wyoming.gov /state/wyoming_news/general/text_history.asp (2199 words)

	Travel: Wyoming: Where the vast and the past come alive
		Wyoming women also were the first to serve on juries.
		By 1890, when Wyoming became the 44th star on the flag of the United States, ranchers had spread over much of the land, working alongside miners, loggers and townspeople.
		Today, Wyoming still relies on mining and agriculture, but tourism is a growing segment of the economy.
	www.sptimes.com /2004/04/11/Travel/Wyoming__Where_the_va.shtml (2056 words)

	State of Wyoming - General Facts About Wyoming
		Wyoming owes its early settlement in part to the gentlemen of Europe.
		Wyoming women were the first in the nation to vote, serve on juries and hold public office.
		Wyoming Territorial Prison-The prison was built in 1872 to house federal convicts in newly formed Wyoming Territory.
	wyoming.gov /state/wyoming_news/general/history.asp (2207 words)

	Independence Rock Interpretive Signs
		Independence Rock and the ruts of the Oregon Trail remain as evidence that a nation once passed this way.
		Sedimentary rocks were stripped by streams from this rising fold, causing the granite core to be exposed, a part of which is Independence Rock, shown on the diagram as I.R. Miocene Time, 15 million years ago.
		Summits such as Independence Rock have been re-exposed and appear today essentially as they were at the time of their burial 15 million years ago.
	www.ultimatewyoming.com /sectionpages/sec5/extras/independencerocksigns.html (2857 words)

	Wyoming
		Wyoming thrower Kevin Mannon and Harvard high jumper Dora Gyorffy wasted no time in establishing themselves as the competitors to beat in their respective events as the collegiate indoor track season got underway last month.
		Kansas Charley is left alone and hungry in Pine Bluffs, Wyoming while his friends venture out to fill their bellies.
		House on the Rock may be the biggest, most innovative, bizarre, awesome, and fantastic roadside attraction in America.
	www.suite101.com /reference/wyoming (1677 words)

	These United States - Wyoming
		Wyoming, our 44th state, was admitted to the Union July 10, 1890.
		Wyoming's capital, Cheyenne, is also its largest city.
		The geographic center of Wyoming lies in Fremont County, 58 miles ENE of Lander.
	www.theseunitedstates.com /wyoming.html (285 words)

	Mormon Trail News Archive
		INDEPENDENCE ROCK --- The Wyoming Highway Patrol stopped the Mormon Trail Wagon Train for three hours Wednesday morning because the train had not complied with state safety requirements.
		The contract between the Mormon Trail Wagon Train (MTWT) and the Wyoming Department of Transportation called for the highway crossing signs - which were to be placed 750 feet on each side of the area where the wagons entered the highway from Independence Rock.
		Knowing the train did not meet compliance requirements of the Wyoming DOT Martin said if he let it go onto the highway and there was an accident as a result, his department could be liable.
	www.casperstartribune.net /trails/mormon/mormonnews_detail.php?ID=81 (463 words)

	National Park Service: Parks for America (Wyoming)
		WYOMING is one of the Nation's prime vacation States.
		Independence Rock, South Pass, Tom Sun Ranch, the Horner site, Fort Phil Kearny and related sites, and the Green River Rendezvous site possess exceptional value in commemorating the history of the United States and are eligible for Registered National Historic Landmark status.
		Out-of-State visitors whose vacation destinations are generally in the national parks and national forests of western Wyoming or who are bound for other States would use more camping areas en route and would visit historic sites and other points of interest if these were interpreted and made available.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/parks_america/wyoming.htm (882 words)

	About Independence Rock
		Over three decades, almost half a million American passed Independence Rock on their way to new homes on the frontier, and thousands of them added their names to Father De Smet's great register.
		Wyoming lay at the heart of each of these ways to the West.
		Independence Rock still overlooks the road to the West, an enduring symbol of Wyoming's contribution to our nation's colorful heritage and highest ideals.
	wyoshpo.state.wy.us /indrock2.htm (722 words)

	Oregon-California Trails Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perhaps sixty miles into the valley, emigrants encountered thefirst of its two most famous landmarks, Independence Rock, so named in 1830 by William Sublette when a party he was leading celebrated the Fourth of July, Independence Day, on the site.
		Given the numbers involved in the great emigration during the 1850s, it is not surprising that enterprising entrepreneurs sought to capitalize by constructing a bridge across the Sweetwater near Independence Rock, then charging pretty much "what the traffic would bear" for its use.
		Those who placed their names on Independence Rock did so in part for reasons of simple ego, but there was frequently another reason.
	www.octa-trails.org /JumpingOffToday/VirtualTour/IndependenceRock.asp (719 words)

	Wyoming
		Independence Rock marked the halfway point of a 2,000 mile trip.
		This part of Wyoming is in the Shoshone National Forest and is just gorgeous and well worth spending time.
		A flat scattering of sticks was perched on the top of a column of rock that was about 5 ft. across.
	www.myplanet.net /goodmantravels/wyoming.htm (1468 words)

	Some Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		exfoliation: a rock weathering process in which concentric slabs, plates, or shells of rock, from less than a centimeter to several meters in thickness are successively removed from the outer surface of a large rock outcrop.
		The process is caused by physical or chemical forces producing differential stresses within the rock, as by expansion of minerals as a result of near-surface chemical weathering, or by the release of confining pressure of a once deeply buried rocks as it is brought nearer to the surface by erosion.
		Originally this term was applied to rocks too old to have fossils, until the paleontologists found rare instances of older fossils and the whole thing got complicated.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~rmr/E-rock/ERdefs.html (441 words)

	Independence Rock, The Register of the Desert
		On July 4, 1862, a meeting was held on the rock, which became the opening of the first Masonic lodge in that part of the Rockies.
		Years later the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Casper and Wyoming placed a bronze plaque on the side of the rock on July 4, 1920, to commemorate the event as the beginning of their lodge.
		For Independence Day in 1930, there was a grand celebration at Independence Rock on July 3, 4, and 5, to celebrate the start of the first wagon train going west in 1830.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/old_west/16961/2 (409 words)

	Independence Rock, Wyoming
		This large granite outcropping was given the name Independence Rock on July 4, 1830 by William Sublette who led the first wagon train across the new overland route.
		This rock marks the halfway point on the 2,000 mile trek from the Missouri River to the West Coast.
		Independence Rock is located forty-seven miles south of Casper, on Wyoming 220.
	www.ghostweb.com /indep1.html (156 words)

	Chimney Rock National Historic Site - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chimney Rock is a famous, prominent geological formation in Morrill County in western Nebraska.
		Chimney Rock has been designated a National Historic Site and is today administrated as an "affiliated area" by the National Park Service in cooperation with the Nebraska State Historical Society.
		Chimney Rock and Independence Rock further west are probably the most famous features along the Oregon Trail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chimney_Rock_(Nebraska) (285 words)

	The Oregon Trail III, Wyoming Tales and Trails
		Names were also inscribed further to the west on Independence Rock, named by William Sublette in 1830, when his freight wagons reached the rock on the Fourth of July.
		The meeting commemorated the first Lodge held in present day Wyoming, July 4, 1862, at Independence Rock by approximately 20 members of a wagon train who were able to vouch for each other.
		To the west of Independence Rock, the wagons had to detour away from the Sweetwater where the river wends its way through a narrow gorge known as Devils Gate.
	www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com /OregonTrail3.html (1763 words)

	Scenery and History on Wyoming Trails
		The names carved on Independence Rock are even more pronounced and numerous than those noted earlier at Register Cliff, more than justifying the name bestowed upon this large outcropping of granite by the Jesuit Father Pierre Jean DeSmet-The Great Register of the Desert.
		As the bear approached, in response to the girls' prayers, the rock began to grow beyond even the reach of the outstretched paws and claws of the huge bear.
		As the rock grew, the legend tells us, the bear clawed the fluting in the side of the rock in his enraged attempts to get at the Indian maidens.
	www.muskingum.edu /~rmunkres/tours/Wyoming.html (2178 words)

	Leaverites - Surface Markings
		Rocks that have been half immersed in water may have a line around the rock marking the water line.
		The rock shown here has a band of iron oxide marking where it was either immersed in water or half buried.
		The top of Independence Rock, Wyoming is famous for its inscriptions left by pioneers on the Oregon Trail.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/PETROLGY/Leaverite-Surface.HTM (880 words)

	Geology - Whitman Mission National Historic Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Have the kids simulate Independence Rock by writing their names on a piece of butcher paper and including their own personal messages.
		Many of the rocks written on by pioneers are protected as part of state and federal parks.
		Please remind students that writing on rocks is not an acceptable practice today and is considered graffiti and vandalism.
	www.nps.gov /archive/whmi/educate/ortrtg/ortrtg10.htm (571 words)

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