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Topic: Independence and Democracy

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European political party

European Peoples Party

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Party of European Socialists

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe

Europe of Democracies and Diversities

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Kathy Sinnott

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	Direct democracy Summary
		Independent of arguments for such rights and responsibilities, and analyses of the strengths and weaknesses of participatory democracy, one of the most well-developed efforts to promote citizen participation through advanced telecommunications is the Direct Democracy Campaign (DDC) in Great Britain.
		Direct democracy was first experimented with in the ancient Athenian democracy of ancient Greece (beginning circa 508 BC (Finley, 1973)), which was governed for two centuries by a general assembly of all male citizens, by randomly selected officials, and ten annually elected representatives charged to command the army of the city (strategos).
		Even in states where direct democracy components are scant or nonexistent at the state level, there often exists local options for deciding specific issues, such as whether a county should be "wet" or "dry" in terms of whether alcohol sales are allowed.
	www.bookrags.com /Direct_democracy (4122 words)

	Encyclopedia: Independence and Democracy
		An independent judiciary requires both that individual judges are independent in the exercise of their powers, and that the judiciary as a whole is independent, its sphere of authority protected from the influence, overt or insidious, of other government actors.
		Addressing first the independence of individual judges, two avenues for securing that independence reveal themselves: First, judges must be protected from the threat of reprisals, so that fear does not direct their decision-making.
		Independence is the wellspring of the courage needed to serve this rule of law function.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Independence-and-Democracy (1437 words)

	Democracy Quotes \| Democracy Quotations \| Democracy Sayings \| Wisdom Quotes
		The two greatest obstacles to democracy in the United States are, first, the widespread delusion among the poor that we have a democracy, and second, the chronic terror among the rich, lest we get it.
		The most effective way to restrict democracy is to transfer decision-making from the public arena to unaccountable institutions: kings and princes, priestly castes, military juntas, party dictatorships, or modern corporations.
		I say democracy is only of use there that it may pass on and come to its flower and fruit in manners, in the highest forms of interaction between [people], and their beliefs -- in religion, literature, colleges and schools -- democracy in all public and private life....
	www.wisdomquotes.com /cat_democracy.html (1866 words)

	Arab democracy’s plight - Yemen Times
		The destructive collapse led citizens to insist on their liberty and democracy, which were sacrificed for the sake of better living, independence, unity and Palestine’s liberation.
		Revolutionaries blamed liberals for not attaining independence; however, the accusation was not innocent because it aroused hostility against the crippled democracy, accused of committing to colonization.
		Democracy is "an inevitable evil", but Iraq’s plight brought sectarian build-up, in which all civil and modern streams were dissolved.
	yementimes.com /article.shtml?i=939&p=opinion&a=3 (780 words)

	On Liberty
		After 13 years of independence, what keeps Georgia together is the common cultural and national identity of Georgians -- not their common identity as citizens.
		Therefore, it is not surprising that the values of democracy and the rule of law have become nonconsumable goods for average Georgians.
		What is lacking in Georgia is not knowledge of democracy and liberty, but the practice of democracy and liberty by the ruling political elites.
	www.rferl.org /specials/50radioliberty/usupashvili-speech.asp (1846 words)

	Independence and Democracy - Simple English Wikipedia
		Independence and Democracy is a group in the European Parliament.
		It used to be called the Group of Europe of Democracies and Diversities.
		The members of this group either want their country to leave the European Union, or want to change it.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independence_and_Democracy (103 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Opinion \| Democracy now! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Democracy is an old popular quest, one for which many people paid with their lives before the 1952 Revolution.
		Still, the call for democracy remained alive in the worst of circumstances, in the darkest of moments.
		One objection to democracy has been that we are a backward country and therefore not ready.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/695/op6.htm (214 words)

	[Imc-uk] Turkey: DHKC Statement 258 on the European Union debate
		Whoever relies on the democracy of the EU supporters and the independence of the EU's opponents, all parties and intellectuals who genuinely want independence and democracy should stop trying to stand up on one leg.
		The much-praised European democracy is a democracy for the monopolies.
		Whoever is for democracy and independence should not trail behind the pro-system parties like ANAP, DSP or exploitative bosses like TUSIAD, those who want independence should not enter into alliances with the General Staff but should be on the side of this struggle.
	archives.lists.indymedia.org /imc-uk/2002-July/001607.html (1974 words)

	[No title]
		As far as instrument independence is concerned, the ECB will have possibilities to plan and choose how it will best achieve and maintain low inflation.
		Another monitoring mechanism is the possibility that the President of the Council and a member of the Commission may participate in the meetings of the Governing Council and the General Council of the ECB.
		She also argues that despite the crucial role of independence in assuring moderate level of inflation the central bank should be operated transparently.
	www.valt.helsinki.fi /kvtok/1997/2091_4.htm (2238 words)

	<Netsai Mushonga>
		Democracy for women in Zimbabwe can be summarized in two key capacities: participation in decision-making at all levels, and equal access to resources.
		In the pre-independence period, democracy was simply defined as “one man, one vote.” The issue of gender parity in decision-making was never on the agenda, and women were not organized in those days.
		In a democracy, women should be able to participate in decision-making and have access to resources at the different levels of society, from the domestic to the national.
	www.forusa.org /fellowship/nov-dec06/NetsaiMushonga.html (1407 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Taiwan's Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Democracy is not a cure for everything, but it is the best way to ensure a balance between the people and their government, and that governments will not abuse their power and brainwash their citizens with "illusionary/illogical ideological leanings".
		Williams attempts to manipulate the issues of independence, democracy, and self-determination to justify the de jure separation of Taiwan from China, when he knows very well that Taiwan's current actual status is that of an American client state--not unlike "independent" nations such as Kuwait, Qatar, etc. that are "protected" by their Anglo-American Godfather.
		Democracy, Freedom, and other lies are merely the propaganda slogans used by the West and its allies to justify this agenda.
	fpif.org /fpiftxt/3815 (7569 words)

	Independence 1st - The Campaign For a Referendum on Scottish Independence
		The next Independence First march, to be held on March 31st 2007 in Edinburgh, has been lucky enough to have the legendary Dick Gaughan agree to front the entertainment.
		The impetus behind Independence First's second Referendum Rally has jumped a stage higher with the news that singer-songwriter Dougie Maclean is backing the campaign and will perform his hit single Caledonia' at at the event outside the Scottish Parliament..
		Independence First has reacted angrily to the decision yesterday by the Scottish Parliament’s public petitions committee to mothball their e-petition for a referendum.
	www.independence1st.org (259 words)

	Independence, Freedom, Democracy & the Presidency
		This year we look back on 229 solid years of independence, and, despite some ominous symptoms, still exercise our basic freedom in vigorous arguments about freedom — what it is comprised of, which freedoms may be abridged, by whom and for what reasons.
		This week, in anticipation of Independence Day, our President gave a speech about Iraq (referring five times to 9/11 and liberally sprinkled with the words "terror" and "terrorists") in which he asserted "There is only one course of action against them: to defeat them abroad before they attack us at home.
		We sought independence so we could be free, so we could make choices and decisions for ourselves and govern ourselves in democracy.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/views05/0701-22.htm (868 words)

	NEW-DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
		Combine independence and democracy and you have resistance on the basis of democracy, or democracy in the service of resistance.
		Not the old, outmoded, European-American type of so-called democracy which is bourgeois dictatorship, nor as yet the Soviet type of democracy which is the dictatorship of the proletariat.
		Democracy of the old type, practiced in other countries, is on its way out and has become reactionary.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_32.htm (3697 words)

	Judicial Independence Requires a Cultural Expectation - US Department of State
		The obligation for judges to be independent is accompanied by the need for them to be accountable to the public, which pays their salaries through taxes.
		He noted that to help ensure their independence, most U.S. judges have lifelong tenures and secure salaries. All of the approximately 1,500 federal judges are appointed by the president or other judicial courts; among the approximately 30,000 judges in the U.S. state systems, some gain office through popular elections.
		The other side of judicial independence is judicial accountability, whereby judges should be accountable for how they spend the funds that the legislature has provided for the administration of the courts.
	usinfo.state.gov /dhr/Archive/2006/May/19-978714.html (786 words)

	The President, the Military and Democracy
		That civilian politicians were corrupt was evident from their activities during elections and from the manner in which they used their positions to acquire favours from businessmen and the AFP.
		Democracy in the Philippines, according to many of these officers, benefitted the elite who controlled the political process.
		Many officers believed that Philippine-style democracy could not contribute to the economic development of the country but was being abused for the benefit of the elite.
	epress.anu.edu.au /mdap/ch04s03.html (547 words)

	Independence Day, 2002
		Representational democracy, a common derivative of the democratic ideal, is a mix of laws, rules, procedures and personalities that creates the possibility that the interests of the people will be served.
		In this country independence really means having the freedom to participate in decision-making, and having freedom of choice in a variety of areas.
		As an advocate of democracy, I have little interest in cultures whose idea of independence is to impose a single religion or let themselves be run by a dictator, benign or otherwise.
	www.garygordonproductions.com /independence_day_2002.html (1138 words)

	SSRN-Central Bank Independence, Democracy, and Dollarization by Allan Drazen
		We argue that strongly independent monetary policy is not inconsistent with democratic control of policymaking, once one realizes that a key feature of democratic policymaking is the decision to remove some decisions from "day-to-day" political pressures.
		This is the essence of "constitutionalism," central to the functioning of democracy, by which certain decisions are made difficult to reverse.
		It is further argued that a conflict between popular sovereignty and policymaker independence is not unique to monetary policy, but actually characterizes most policymaking in a democracy, with institutions designed to insulate policymaking from popular pressures.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=562241 (298 words)

	National Republic vs. Federal Democracy \| D'arcLyte
		By the 20th century however, the falsehoods that Democracy was the epitome of good government and that the Founding Fathers had established such a government for the United States of America became an increasingly widespread fallacy.
		In a Democracy, the sovereignty is in the whole body of the free citizens with the few controlling the many or the one.
		The word Democracy [in a political rather than a social sense, of course] had always referred to a type of government, as distinguished from monarchy, or autocracy, or oligarchy, or principate.
	www.conspiracyarchive.com /Commentary/Republic_vs_Democracy.htm (5134 words)

	To the north, the voters defy history - Peter Hartcher - www.smh.com.au
		In the same town five years ago the night was rent with screams as the Indonesian-sponsored militias butchered about 250 of the town's people, their goodbye present for a population who dared to vote to be free after 24 years of Indonesian occupation.
		Yet as the US-led effort to impose democracy in Iraq continues amid bloodshed and hatred, the experience in East Timor and Indonesia is a fascinating counterpoint in experimental democracy and nation-building.
		Indonesian democracy was born of violent upheaval and mass killing, and so was East Timor's independence.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2004/05/20/1085028465949.html (1049 words)

	Finland's Leap into Democracy — Virtual Finland
		A lack of readiness for democracy was considered the cause of the red rebellion.
		Moreover, the concept of a "war for independence" provided justification after the fact for the activists, the Jaegers and even for the white terror of spring 1918.
		The activists of the movement felt that they were continuing the independence struggle from the point it had reached in spring 1918.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/finnleap.html (2067 words)

	Greens For Nader: Call for the formation of a Green committee for Democracy and Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The formation of a Green committee for Democracy and Independence (GDI) is necessary because there exists within our party conflicting views over political orientation and the role we should play in American politics.
		We call on all Greens to consider our proposals and to declare their support for internal democracy and party independence, regardless of their political views on other issues.
		Such efforts must be with independent or other non-corporate sponsored third party candidates whose values reflect key components of the Green Party platform.
	greensfornader.net /archives/2004/11/the_formation_o.html (748 words)

	The Zimbabwe Independent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In his presentation to the commission Mandinde said the theme for the silver jubilee (celebrating 25 years of Independence and democracy) was out of sync with the situation prevailing in the media in Zimbabwe.
		“It sounds discordant to be celebrating independence and democracy in an environment in which media which served as alternative sources of information were closed in terms of a law which has been condemned locally, regionally and internationally as an impediment,” Mandinde said.
		Mandinde noted that media freedom, which is a key element of democracy, was absent in Zimbabwe.
	www.theindependent.co.zw /news/2005/May/Friday6/2279.html (461 words)

	[No title]
		The main purpose of this study is to analyse different aspects of central bank independence and what independence means for the democratic governance of the European Central Bank.
		Independence and democracy of the European Central Bank
		However, if one assumes legal status of the bank as a proxy for its politics in reality, it is justifiable to analyse the independence and democracy of the European Central Bank.
	www.valt.helsinki.fi /agathon/2091.htm (423 words)

	White paper on political democracy
		The socialist political democracy of China is rooted in the vast land of fertile soil on which the Chinese nation has depended for its subsistence and development over thousands of years.
		These forms of political democracy were suited to the actual conditions in China at various periods of time and were able to guarantee that the people were the masters of the state.
		These forms of political democracy were a striking contrast to the ruling system of the Kuomintang, and they reflected the people's wishes and enjoyed popular support.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /china/2005-10/19/content_536127_2.htm (947 words)

	Democracy Now! \| Naomi Klein Reveals New Details About U.S. Military Shooting of Italian War Correspondent in Iraq
		In Rome, journalist Giuliana Sgrena has been released from a military hospital where she was being treated for a gunshot wound she suffered when US forces shot up the car bringing her to freedom after a month being held hostage in Iraq.
		But I think the other part of the story is the implications for journalists and for independent journalists, because Giuliana Sgrena is really a hero, and she is an incredibly committed war correspondent who has put herself in situations of tremendous risk around the world.
		This is because the people who held her made it very clear to her that they don't want independent journalists working in Iraq talking to Iraqis.
	www.democracynow.org /article.pl?sid=05/03/25/1516242 (3025 words)

	America is a Republic - Not a "Democracy"! - Reader's Write - Atlantic Highlands Herald - New jersey
		Liberals constantly use the word “democracy” because they want voters and taxpayers to believe that, as Democrats, they are the chosen ones.
		Historically, democracy leads to anarchy, which is “mob rule,” according to the Greek philosopher Plato (read Plato’s “The Republic”).
		The word “democracy” was never used by the founders in writing the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, or the Bill of Rights.
	www.ahherald.com /bishop/020228_democracy.htm (633 words)

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