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Topic: Independence of Pakistan

	Pakistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, the Economic Cooperation Organisation, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
		The President of Pakistan is the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, and is elected for a five-year term by the Electoral College of Pakistan - comprised of the Senate, the National Assembly, and the four Provincial Assemblies.
		Pakistan was an ally of the United States for much of its early history as a modern nation-state, from the 1950s and as a member of CENTO (Central Treaty Organisation) and SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pakistan (5835 words)

	Independence Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state.
		Proclaimed independence from Spain in August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement in August 2, 1810.
		Independence from Australia of the former Territories of New Guinea, and Papua, in 1975.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independence_Day (598 words)

	Pakistan on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pakistan is bordered by India on the east, the Arabian Sea on the south, Iran on the southwest, and Afghanistan on the west and north; in the northeast is the disputed territory (with India) of Kashmir, of which the part occupied by Pakistan borders on China.
		Pakistan may be divided into four geographic regions—the plateau of W Pakistan, the plains of the Indus and Punjab rivers, the hills of NW Pakistan, and the mountains of N Pakistan.
		In Aug., 1973, India and Pakistan reached an agreement on the release of Pakistani prisoners-of-war and the exchange of hostage populations in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh—especially of the Bengalis in Pakistan and the Biharis in Bangladesh.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/pakistan_history.asp (5639 words)

	MSN Encarta - Pakistan
		The area of present-day Pakistan was the cradle of the earliest known civilization of South Asia, the Indus Valley civilization (2500?-1700 bc).
		Pakistan is bordered on the west by Iran, on the north and northwest by Afghanistan, on the northeast by China, on the east and southeast by India, and on the south by the Arabian Sea.
		Pakistan has great extremes of elevation, reaching the highest point at the Himalayan peak of K2 (also known as Mount Godwin Austen) in the north and the lowest point at the Arabian Sea coast in the south.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761560851 (690 words)

	Independence Day of Pakistan
		The 52nd Independence Day of Pakistan was celebrated with fervour and enthusiasm at all the Pakistan missions throughout the world on Saturday.
		Independence Day carries special significance for the people of Pakistan and added that at the time of independence Pakistan had no industrial technological base and no financial institution.
		In his remarks Khayyum Qaiser paid glowing tributes to the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and urged upon the community members to forge unity in their ranks and work hard for the fulfillment of the aims and objectives for which Pakistan was created.
	www.fas.org /news/pakistan/1999/990815-pak-nuke.htm (658 words)

	HRW World Report 1999: Pakistan
		The decision in May to answer India’s five nuclear tests with six of Pakistan’s own was widely condemned and triggered sanctions from the U.S., Japan and a number of European countries that helped push the economy into a near-collapse.
		As the Pakistan government focused on security concerns from outside, little effort was expended to prevent the human rights violations stemming from threats within its borders.
		Although Pakistan’s Minister for Law and Justice Khalid Anwar acknowledged the possibility, noting that “there is no doubt that people, for personal reasons, file false cases [...] and judges are under great pressure not to acquit the accused,” no progress was made toward reforming the laws.
	www.hrw.org /worldreport99/asia/pakistan.html (1640 words)

	Pakistan Times \| Top Story: Pledge for Prosperity: Pakistan celebrates 58th Independence Day today
		Pakistan, he said, came into being as a result of a long and arduous struggle by the Muslims of South Asia under the dynamic and unmatched leadership of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
		Pakistan was now on the way to progress and development with a smooth and swift pace, he remarked.
		In his message on the occasion of 58th independence day being celebrated on Sunday, the Prime Minister said every one should resolve to learn from past mistakes and work ceaselessly to build the homeland worthy of the ideals for which it was created.
	www.pakistantimes.net /2005/08/14/top.htm (1799 words)

	Pakistan - Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At independence Pakistan was governed by the Government of India Act of 1935 as amended by the authority of the India Independence Act of 1947.
		The amended act provided at the center for a governor general (as successor to the British viceroy) as head of state and for a Constituent Assembly with two separate functions--to prepare a constitution and to be a federal legislature until the constitution came into effect.
		At independence, he was the supreme authority, the founder of the state, and the chief political leader.
	countrystudies.us /pakistan/55.htm (374 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Pakistan [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1971, East Pakistan seceded from Pakistan after a 9 month long bitter and savage war inititated by the Military junta in power, in which between 200,000 and 3 million Bengalis died, and with the aid of Indian troops became the independent state of Bangladesh.
		Pakistan's two largest mainstream parties are the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (supported by the military establishment of Pakistan), which obtained a plurality in the October 2002 elections.
		In the first three years of the current century, Pakistan's KSE-100 stock exchange index was the best-performing major market index in the world, driven in part by profit growth, high dividend yields and greater transparency in publicly traded companies as a result of reforms enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.
	encyclozine.com /Pakistan (3570 words)

	AllRefer.com - Bangladesh : History : Before Independence (Pakistan And Bangladesh Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Pakistan consisted of two "wings," one to the west of India, and the other to the east.
		Pakistan's two provinces, which differed considerably in natural setting, economy, and historical background, were separated from each other by more than 1,000 mi (1,610 km) of India.
		The East Pakistanis, who comprised 56% of the total population of Pakistan, were discontented under a government centered in West Pakistan; the disparity in government investments and development funds given to each province also added to the resentment.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Banglade-history.html (426 words)

	Independence Struggle - Pakistan Azadi Website
		It was his powerful advocacy of the case of Pakistan and his remarkable strategy in the delicate negotiations, that followed the formulation of the Pakistan demand, particularly in the post-war period, that made Pakistan inevitable.
		Pakistan, the fifth largest and the secong biggest Muslim state in the world was established.
		Remember that the establishment of Pakistan is a fact of which there is no parallel in the history of the world.
	members.tripod.com /babajack/azadi_site/struggle.html (1948 words)

	'The Light's' Message on the 'Independence of Pakistan'. (The Light, 15th August 1947)
		Pakistan must mean a struggle against poverty, against ignorance and against disease.
		Pakistan means this high historic heritage – heritage of the great and glorious traditions of Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar Farooq, of Khalid and Tariq on the one hand and of Averrhoes and Avicenna on the other.
		It is these long-faded traditions that the builders of Pakistan have to rediscover and revive.
	aaiil.org /text/articles/pak/pak_lightmsg.shtml (966 words)

	CNN - India, Pakistan mark independence as Kashmir dispute lingers - August 15, 1999
		NEW DELHI, India -- India and Pakistan marked their 52nd anniversaries as independent nations Sunday with little hope that their ongoing dispute over Kashmir would be resolved soon.
		Pakistan, meanwhile, used its own independence celebrations to pay tribute to the 16 soldiers and crew killed when an Indian jet shot down a Pakistani naval patrol plane Tuesday.
		In his independence day speech, Sharif praised Pakistani troops who fought Indian troops in the recent conflict, and honored the Islamic guerrillas fighting Indian forces in Kashmir.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/asiapcf/9908/15/india.pakistan (606 words)

	Editorial - Independence of Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Every body knows that Pakistan was achieved as a dreamland where all that is the best was to recapitulated, and all that is third rate was to be discarded.
		For the last 51 years, year after year we have been celebrating Pakistan’s anniversary of independence as a festive occasion, but it is the appropriate time to analyse our gains and losses.
		However I see no point to underestimate Pakistan from any point of view Our people are ready as ever to rise to the occasion and follow sincere and honest leadership if rulers restore their faith and confidence in government by adopting genuine and workable policies.
	www.binoria.org /albineng/august98/editorial.html (462 words)

	pakistan map and information page
		West Pakistan, now present-day Pakistan, has been in constant dispute with India over the Kashmir Region, and after many wars and border disputes, the status of the area remains in limbo.
		Relative Location Pakistan, part of the Indian Subcontinent, and positioned in the Middle East, a recognized geographical region of southwestern Asia, is in both the northern and eastern hemispheres.
		Landforms The heartland of Pakistan, the Punjab Plain, is disected by the Indus River and fronts its border with India; southwest, the arid and dry Baluchistan Plateau extends to its border with Iran.
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/asia/pk.htm (984 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Pakistan
		October 1998: Pakistan and India end their first peace talks in a year with agreement to meet again next February in New Delhi.
		Pakistan bans religious and political gatherings after this latest bombing.
		Origin of the name: "Pakistan" was coined by Muslim students at Cambridge University in Britain in 1933 as an acronym for the regions and nationalities that would make up the country: Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Iran, Sindh, Turkharistan, Afghanistan and Balochistan.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/pakistan (1162 words)

	Pakistan HQ : Pakistan Independence
		Pakistan, the second largest South Asian country after India and one of the majoractors in the politics of the Muslim world.
		Chronology of Pakistan from 1757 to the present, with the emphasis on 1947 andthe period after.
		Pakistan HQ excludes all liability of any kind (including negligence) in respect of any third party information or other material made available on, or which can be accessed using, this Website.
	pakistanhq.com /pakistanindependence/index.php (850 words)

	History of Pakistan
		With West and East Pakistan separated by more than 1,000 miles of Indian territory and with the major portion of the wealth and resources of the British heritage passing to India, Pakistan's survival seemed to hang in the balance.
		Britain's Parliament passed in July 1947 the Indian Independence Act, ordering the demarcation of the dominions of India and Pakistan by midnight of Aug. 14-15, 1947, and dividing within a single month the assets of the world's largest empire, which had been integrated in countless ways for more than a century.
		The leaders of the new Pakistan were mainly lawyers with a strong commitment to parliamentary government.
	www.unigroup.com /PTIC/body_history.html (1595 words)

	Pakistan's Permanent Mission to the United Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During its existence Pakistan has been faced by a number of crises but the enlightened masses of this great country, which came into being as a result of a historic struggle under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, have always proved to be its saviours.
		Pakistan and freedom are precious gifts of Allah with which Pakistanis have been greatly blessed.
		The people of Pakistan are now receiving the privilege of hosting the Islamic Summit Conference for the second time.
	www.un.int /pakistan/1496814b.htm (591 words)

	57th Independence Anniversary of Pakistan
		Pakistan Movement is synonymous with the very spirit of Islam.
		The war of Independence in 1857 was an open manifestation of the Muslim spirit of revolt against the domination of the British Government and its stooges in India.
		The Governor General of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, addressed in the University grounds on Thursday 30th October 1947, the biggest public meeting in the political history of Lahore.
	www.pakpost.gov.pk /philately/stamps2004/independence_anniversary.html (698 words)

	The Road To Independence
		The resolution was commonly reffered to as the Pakistan Resolution.
		The British Government recognized the genuineness of the Pakistan deman indirectly in the proposals for the transfer of power which Sir Stafford Cripps brought to India in 1942.
		The assemblies of west Punjab, East Bengal, and Sind; and in Baluchistan, the Quetta Municipality and the Shahi Jirga voted for Pakistan.
	www.geocities.com /junaid_hassan25/road.html (2358 words)

	India Gains Independence, Pakistan Created
		At the stroke of midnight at the beginning of today, India became an independent state, putting an end to the long struggle, most intense these last 30 years, for freedom from rule by the British government.
		The name Pakistan was only invented some 15 years ago by a student to represent letters in the provinces of Punjab, Kashmir and Baluchistan and means 'Land of the pure'.
		Gandhi is not taking part in any of the independence celebrations today as he is disappointed at the two-state conclusion to the process.
	www.dailypast.com /asia/india-independent.shtml (988 words)

	indiatml4
		The Indian Independence Act, incorporating Mountbatten’s recommendations, was speedily approved by the British parliament, and on August 15, India and Pakistan were established as independent dominions of the Commonwealth of Nations, with the right to withdraw or remain in the British commonwealth (India elected to remain in the Commonwealth in 1949.)
		Agitation for free elections in Pakistan launched by Benazir Bhutto in 1986; in 1988 she is elected Prime Minister.
		SAARC is based on the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, political independence, mutual benefit and non interference in the internal affairs of other states.
	www.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum210/tml/IndiaTML/indiatml4.htm (2973 words)

	Asia Society -
		To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the independence of India and the founding of Pakistan, the Asia Society is presenting a rich array of special events in the United States and Asia during 1997-98, running the gamut from major arts and cultural programs to
		Drawn primarily from collections in Pakistan, the objects in the "Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley" exhibition are widely known from textbooks but have seldom been seen in the West.
		NGO representatives from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka will meet with their counterparts from American volunteer and community organizations to discuss issues of mutual concern, including health, women and minority empowerment, family planning, environmental protection, literacy and education, and poverty alleviation.
	www.asiasociety.org /pressroom/rel-indiapakistan.html (1864 words)

	Indo-Pakistan War of Independence
		The Pakistani failure to accommodate demands for autonomy in East Pakistan in 1970 led to secessionist demands in 1971.
		In March 1971, Pakistan's armed forces launched a fierce campaign to suppress the resistance movement that had emerged but encountered unexpected mass defections among East Pakistani soldiers and police.
		Unable to deter India's activities in the eastern sector, on December 3, 1971, Pakistan launched an air attack in the western sector on a number of Indian airfields, including Ambala in Haryana, Amritsar in Punjab, and Udhampur in Jammu and Kashmir.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm (1053 words)

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