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Topic: Independent Political Labour League

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	Labour party. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Labour party was founded in 1900 after several generations of preparatory trade union politics made possible by the Reform Bills of 1867 and 1884, which enfranchised urban workers.
		In 1918, Labour withdrew completely from the coalition, and in 1922 it became the second largest party in the House of Commons and thus the official opposition.
		As Labour was a minority in Parliament and depended on Liberal support, the enactment of legislation proved difficult, and the government’s domestic program of unemployment relief and housing differed little from that of its Conservative predecessor.
	www.bartleby.com /65/la/Labourpa.html (1220 words)

	The Truth About Labour - The Phoney Left
		Former Labour MP and Cabinet Minister Dr Martyn Finlay admitted as much when in a radio interview on 18 July 1991, when he said that in his younger days the welfare state was hailed as the way to solve the problems created by the free market and thereby to avoid the dangers of revolution.
		The Labour hierarchy was largely hostile to the new social movements and, although these movements had created the changed political climate which made the election of Labour possible in 1972, Labour ran a strong law-and-order campaign in the election that year.
		Labour’s reluctance to advance equality for women was also in full view when in 1999 its coalition partner, the Alliance, pushed for a package that would give 12 weeks paid parental leave and Helen Clark angrily declared it would be passed over her dead body.
	workersparty.org.nz /other/thetruthaboutlabour.htm (13049 words)

	POLITICAL PARTIES - LABOUR PARTY - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		On the one hand were the “moderates”, represented by the trades councils and their political party, the Independent Political Labour League, reformed and renamed in 1910 as the New Zealand Labour Party and reorganised again in 1912 as the United Labour Party.
		It was the parliamentary Labour Party which then became the movement's most effective defence against the ravages of the depression and, in consequence, the political arm became decidedly the senior partner of the two.
		Labour interpreted the “slump” as less a crisis of overproduction than of underconsumption, a phenomenon which it attributed to a breakdown in the system of distribution and exchange.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/P/PoliticalParties/LabourParty/en (4194 words)

	Origins of the Hunter Labour Movement. By Dr Bob James
		A Newcastle Labour League, with delegates Dixon and Hopkins, was admitted to this Council's deliberations in 1873.
		One, the Newcastle Labour and Political Labour League, appeared to have the better of debates, although the second, the Electoral Labour League of NSW, was the child of the Sydney Trades and Labour Council and some of its most vocal supporters, for example, Methodist preacher JL Fegan, who headed the Eight Hours Committee.
		Labour Historians have taken the view that 'self-help and consensus politics are hardly the ingredients of class consciousness', judging that a labour movement could not exist until a desire for self-help was replaced with agitation for State-welfare.
	www.takver.com /history/hunterlabour.htm (19098 words)

	New Zealand Liberal Party
		The Liberals eventually found themselves pressed between the conservative Reform Party and the growing Labour Party, and the remnants of the Liberal Party eventually merged with Reform to establish the modern National Party.
		However, the foundation of the Labour Party in 1916 deprived the Liberals of any significant backing from workers, and the business world, concerned at Labour's rise, was uniting behind Reform's "anti-socialism" platform.
		The Liberal Party was accused by Labour of being a party of the elite, and by Reform of having socialist sympathies — between the two, many predicted that the Liberals would continue to decline.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/new_zealand_liberal_party.html (1676 words)

	PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson \| Film & More
		Any Member of the League not represented on the Council shall be invited to send a Representative to sit as a member at any meeting of the Council during the consideration of matters specially affecting the interests of that Member of the League.
		The expenses of the Secretariat shall be borne by the Members of the League in accordance with the apportionment of the expenses of the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union.
		The Members of the League undertake to interchange full and frank information as to the scale of their armaments, their military, naval, and air programmes and the condition of such of their industries as are adaptable to war-like purposes.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/wilson/filmmore/fm_nations.html (2657 words)

	Independent Political Labour League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the second organised political party to win a seat in the New Zealand Parliament, and was a forerunner of the modern Labour Party.
		In the 1908 elections, however, one IPLL candidate was elected — David McLaren was elected in the seat of Wellington East on the second ballot.
		In 1910, the remnants of the IPLL were relaunched as a new organisation, known as the Labour Party (not to be confused with the modern party of the same name).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League (401 words)

	Class & Colour in South Africa 1850-1950 - Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This was the language of a political organization, and the council was commonly referred to as the Labour party.
		After the enactment of the Chinese labour importation ordinance Whiteside told the trades council that he would despair of his party's future in the Transvaal were it not for the active and cordial cooperation of the Dutch.
		The League's programme of twenty-two points made no concession, however, to the Cape's traditional policy of racial equality; and called for a union of the white races, equal rights for their languages, responsible government, white adult suffrage and single-member constituencies.
	www.anc.org.za /books/ccsa05.html (5729 words)

	New Zealand Labour Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1910, the Independent Political Labour League was relaunched as an organisation called the Labour Party, distinct from the modern party.
		Soon afterwards, the labour movement was hit by the Waihi miners' strike, a major industrial disturbance prompted by radicals in the union movement.
		Labour was defeated again in the next two elections, but in the 1972 election, the party gained a significant victory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party (2335 words)

	Labour MPs vote to join Fiji government - Breaking News - World - Breaking News
		While ministers from Qarase's ruling SDL party were being sworn in at Government House, Labour MPs were in a caucus meeting a kilometre away discussing whether they should accept Qarase's reshuffle of the line-up Chaudhry had given him.
		As the swearing-in ceremony of the SDL and independent ministers came to an end, Chaudhry emerged to announce that a majority of his party wanted to join the cabinet, and would go along with the prime minister's choice on the portfolios.
		The prime minister said he was pleased that the Labour members would join his government, saying they had recognised and accepted the power of the prime minister to select his cabinet.
	www.smh.com.au /news/World/Labour-decides-to-join-Fiji-cabinet/2006/05/23/1148150220695.html (555 words)

	Socialism Today - How the Labour Party was formed
		However in each crisis job insecurity and unemployment hit not just the unskilled and sweated labourers but skilled workers too, placing financial strains on the old craft unions and laying bare the bankruptcy of their leaders' policy of rejecting strike action as a means of defending jobs and conditions.
		But achieving political independence would speed up the process by which workers would become aware, as a class, that a revolutionary change in society was necessary.
		Through struggle workers came to question a political set-up where they were expected to vote for a party supported by the very bosses who were brutally attacking their wages and conditions, with the state forces behind them.
	www.socialismtoday.org /45/labour.html (4457 words)

	Tony Cliff: Labour Party in perspective (1962)
		Labour Party history has a rhythm in which workers move towards political interest and activity not because the industrial struggle has reached a high level and the movement must go beyond it, but as a substitute for industrial struggle when the workers feel they are defeated in that field.
		As the Labour Party is enmeshed in the life of millions, its development reflects the economic, social, ideological and political forces propelling the whole of British society.
		The strengthening of the Labour Representation Committee, the greatly increased independent labour representation at the general election of 1906 and the Trades Disputes Act of 1906 were the short term results.
	www.marxists.org /archive/cliff/works/1962/xx/labour.htm (9732 words)

	How Labour Governs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Labour was now a force to be reckoned with in the community and had already achieved several notable victories in these years of booming trade by industrial action.
		The Labour Parties in all the States were agreed in adopting a novel view of democracy and in a determination to remain separate and independent entities, not connected by any permanent bond with any of the older parties.
		Labour was left in a minority in the Federal and State Parliaments except in Queensland, and with only the less honest or less able of its former chiefs to guide its policy in the Chambers.
	worldebooklibrary.com /eBooks/WorldeBookLibrary.com/labourgoverns.htm (20875 words)

	Hedgeman
		Joining the Labour Party League of Youth he converted his parents on religion and politics, Their home became a hive of non-communist left-wing activity.
		Marriage was passionate and political and on his twenty-fifth birthday Ian was born and both Michael and his mother became City Council candidates.
		Politics were always to the fore, meetings a way of life, canvassing a perpetual activity, sub-collector, holder of every party office, conference delegate, organizer, election agent, and courses on polling day procedures or election law.
	www.hedgeman.com /michael.htm (561 words)

	History
		Number two in the Department was James Mackay, previously an organiser with the Knights of Labour, and John Lomas who had led the Miners Union during the Maritime strike.
		1904 Apr Trades and Labour annual Conference at Christchurch passed a resolution by 16 votes to 3 that "conference is of the opinion that an Independent Labour Party should be formed immediately." The new party (called the Independent Political Labour League) put up candidates for the 1905 general election but they all got thrashed.
		Employers and Government saw this as a great opportunity to crush the "Red Feds." The main weapons used were the registration of scab unions, enrolling farmers as special constables and scab labour, and the use of police and armed forces to protect the scabs.
	www.awunz.org.nz /history.htm (3777 words)

	Labour economics: links for economists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The network's research strategy is to link Canadian experts in economics, political science, industrial relations and sociology with researchers working on the same questions in other developed countries, allowing the detailed examination of large-scale statistical databases on more than one country at a time.
		The Institute for Labour Research was established at the University of Essex in March 1996 as a vehicle to focus and promote economic and social research into the evolution of labour market structure.
		The ILO formulates international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations setting minimum standards of basic labour rights: freedom of association, the right to organize, collective bargaining, abolition of forced labour, equality of opportunity and treatment, and other standards regulating conditions across the entire spectrum of work related issues.
	www.beissinger.de /econlinks/liarbeit.htm (1162 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		In 1908 he was the IPLL candidate for Auckland Central and he stood for the Auckland City Council in 1901, 1903, 1907 and 1913.
		Rosser was representative of the moderate wing of the labour movement.
		He stood in direct contrast to militant 'Red Fed' (Federation of Labour) unionists such as Savage, who supported industrial unionism, collective bargaining and strikes and regarded politics merely as the means to achieving socialism; one militant referred to him as 'Eight pound a week Rosser'.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=3R30 (824 words)

	Politics1 - Guide to American Political Parties
		Marxist political organizer James Harris was the SWP Presidential nominee in 1996 (ballot status in 11 states - 8,500 votes - 0.01%) and 2000 (ballot status in 14 states - 7,378 votes - 9th place - 0.01%).
		Marxist political organizer and journalist Róger Calero was the SWP Presidential nominee in 2004 -- ballot status in 14 states - 10,791 votes - 9th place - 0.01% -- even though he was constitutionally ineligible as a foreign citizen living in the US as a Permanent Resident Alien.
		Frustrated by traditional partisan politics and the quality of national media coverage of elections, this party proposes to seek "direct input" from the public to mold this new politically centrist party into a vehicle that unifies America in the 21st Century.
	www.politics1.com /parties.htm (9503 words)

	CLB :: Worker Passivity in China - A Maoist Myth
		The conference was organised as an international forum to discuss increasing labour unrest in Mainland China and the implications for the labour movement in Hong Kong.
		Even before the aforementioned political campaigns to curtail the power of capital were over, the Party was calling on the unions to turn the struggle away from politics and to increasing production.
		This ratio of one in seven of labour disputes between the non-state and state sectors must have been the highest in the country, as Guangdong province has the lowest proportion of state sector enterprises.
	www.china-labour.org.hk /public/contents/article?revision_id=18300&item_id=1330 (5030 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		He later maintained that his political career was strongly influenced by a determination to prevent the kind of poverty he witnessed overseas from developing in New Zealand, and by the dedication of British trade unionists.
		He served on the executive of the Trades and Labour Councils’ Federation of Labour, and in 1914 he was president of the United Federation of Labour.
		Sullivan joined the league’s successor, the first New Zealand Labour Party, and was its candidate for Riccarton in 1911, cycling many miles in the evenings after work to address meetings in country areas.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=4S55&related=false (1371 words)

	Independent Labour Party
		Under the leadership of Keir Hardie, the Independent Labour Party was formed in 1893.
		On January 13th, 1893, the Independent Labour Party sprang into being, and, as a child of the spirit of Liberty, claims every song that she has sung - in whatever land - as a glorious heritage.
		The Independent Labour Party was avowedly and uncompromisingly Socialist, and those of us who were its advocates attacked capitalism in every speech that we made.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /Pilp.htm (1308 words)

	Credit, Party, party, seats, elections, National, Cracknell, group, early, Muldoon, support, Political, League - Social ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The New Zealand Social Credit Party (sometimes called "Socred") was a political party which served as the country's "third party" from the 1950s through into the 1980s.
		Political scientists debate how much of this was due to Social Credit policies and how much was merely a "protest vote" against the established parties, but one poll recorded Social Credit with as much as 30% of the vote.
		Many supporters of the movement, however, claim that the anti-semitic charges were politically motivated, and were an attempt to discredit the movement.
	www.alphasearch.org /Social-Credit-Party-New-Zealand.html (1570 words)

	Unsigned: Labour in Wartime (November 1939)
		This was strikingly illustrated in the recent debate on the EPA, when workers witnessed the disgusting spectacle of the labour leaders crawling on their bellies at the tail of the Liberal Party in a mock “defence” of the democratic rights of the workers.
		It is quite apparent that the Parliamentary Labour Party had no intention of opposing seriously the regulations relating to curfew, the prohibition of magazines, periodicals, etc., until compelled to do so by the amendment moved by Mr.
		The statement that “while a truce exists between political parties for the present, there is much necessary and vital work to be done in safeguarding the rights and liberties of the people” is an indication of the concern caused in some quarters at the too obvious treachery of the Labour leaders.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/newspape/win/vol02/no11/labour.htm (833 words)

	Labour Party
		The election of the Labour Government coincided with an economic depression and MacDonald was faced with the problem of growing unemployment.
		The Labour Party is the expression of the revolt of men and women against a materialist system of society which condemns to a narrow and stinted life the majority of our citizens and gives rewards to the greedy and acquisitive.
		The significant politics of MacDonald's first term as Prime Minister were that he cut his hair, trimmed his moustache, assumed a tail-coat and was even seen in a tall shiny hat, symbol for a generation past of the hated capitalist.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /Plabour.htm (8597 words)

	Independent Online Edition > UK Politics
		They said Labour's record illustrated the need for annual reductions, claiming it had dropped a commitment to reduce emissions by 20 per cent by 2010, and that emissions had risen since 1997.
		Under the Tory plan, a carbon commission would not only monitor progress but would set and enforce targets, taking the politics out of climate change in the way that interest rate decisions were handed to the Bank of England in 1997.
		Ministers accused their critics of "political point scoring", but they played down the differences with other parties, insisting that five-yearly targets backed up by annual monitoring would have much the same impact as year-on-year targets.
	news.independent.co.uk /uk/politics/article1984587.ece (968 words)

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