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Topic: Independent Television Authority

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	Independent Television - MSN Encarta
		The development of independent television (ITV) was prompted by political concerns at the end of the 1940s about the power of the monopoly of broadcasting then held by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
		The ITA was required not only to set out codes of practice for programming and advertising, but also to own the transmitters and control all the signals to them, to ensure that improper material was not broadcast.
		BBC Television, still dominated by a radio hierarchy, was forced to change its nightly out-of-vision news-reading and weekly newsreel formula to match the challenge of ITN’s in-vision “newscasters” and fiercely competitive journalistic enterprise.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781538991/Independent_Television.html (2176 words)

	Independent Television - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Independent Television
		Independent television in the UK, formed by a number of regional contractors and paid for by advertising.
		Independent television companies are regulated by the Independent Television Commission (ITC), and are required to provide quality, independent productions, with provision for viewers with disabilities.
		Independent television was set up by the 1954 Television Act, which created a regulatory body called the Independent Television Authority (ITA), subsequently the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), and today the Independent Television Commission (ITC).
	www.encyclopedia.farlex.com /Independent+Television (236 words)

	ITV
		Independent Television (ITV) is the name given to the original network of British commercial television broadcasters, set up to provide competition to the BBC.
		The "Independent Television" service, so-called because of its independence from the BBC (which previously had held a monopoly on broadcasting in the UK), was to be made up of regions, with each region run by different companies.
		Thames was awarded the London Weekday licence previously held by Rediffusion.\nLondon Weekend Television* was awarded the London Weekend licence, replacing ATV.\nMost controversially, TWW lost its franchise for Wales and the West of England to Harlech Television*, which soon became known as HTV.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/i/it/itv.html (1659 words)

	Independent Television Authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ITA was responsible for determining the location, constructing, building, and operating the transmission stations used by the ITV network, as well as determining the franchise areas and awarding the franchises for each regional commercial broadcaster.
		The ITA determined that the first three franchise areas would cover the London area, the Midlands, and the North of England (basically the Lancashire/Yorkshire belt of industrial cities from Liverpool to Hull, with the surrounding countryside).
		The IBA was subsequently replaced by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) (and the Radio Authority) under the provisions of the Broadcasting Act 1990, which themselves were replaced by the Office of Communications (Ofcom) at the end of 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_Television_Authority (1037 words)

	British Television
		Third, all advertising-financed television is under the jurisdiction of the Independent Television Commission (known in previous incarnations as the Independent Broadcasting Authority and the Independent Television Authority).
		Television finance is becoming much tighter, as production costs escalate (responding to competition for top performers, programs and sporting events) beyond the general inflation rate.
		In the early post-war years, however, television enthusiasts waged an uphill battle against those in higher BBC echelons who saw it as a cultural Trojan horse--committed predominantly to entertainment, brash and childish, not very civilised, and conducive to audience passivity.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/B/htmlB/britishtelev/britishtelev.htm (4173 words)

	Ident Ark - ITA
		After years of uncertainty the British public soon warmed to television and, with the future in mind, the government were now satisfied that this medium could be expanded.
		Independent Television and its new News service, Independent Television News would be supervised by a new body called the Independent Television Authority, headed by the GPO’s Postmaster General, Charles Hill.
		Television had progressed tenfold by 1964 and ITV was now a well established network.
	www.tvfetish.net /IA_ITA.htm (468 words)

	ITV System
		The Authority has a staff of about 760, of whom 340 are administrative and technical staff at headquarters, 400 engineers and others at the transmitters, and twenty-five regional staff (the Authority has regional offices in Belfast, Birmingham, Cardiff, Carlisle, Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Norwich, Plymouth, St Helier, and Southampton).
		The fourteen programme companies of Independent Television each week provide for transmission a total of about 135 hours of different programmes produced in their own studios, accounting for about 50-55 hours of the programmes seen in any one service area.
		The remaining programmes comprise British film material made for television or the cinema, much of which is produced by subsidiaries of the programme companies or in association with them; and foreign recorded programmes.
	www.transdiffusion.org /pmc/yearbooks/ita1968/system.htm (694 words)

	Television Heaven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Government had already given the ITA a strict set of guidelines which insisted that 'programmes are of high quality; that a proper proportion of films and telefilms are British;' and that 'the amount of advertising shall not be so great as to detract from the value of the programmes'.
		To be more specific, the Authority had the right to call for schedules and scripts in advance, to ask contractors for recordings if it wanted to examine a particular programme, to forbid broadcasts on certain subjects and to regulate advertisements.
		As far as advertising was concerned the ITA stipulated that only ten per cent of programme time (six minutes in every hour) could be taken up by advertising and that this would have to come in what it described as 'natural breaks', ie the beginning and end of a programme or during an 'interval'.
	www.televisionheaven.co.uk /history9b.htm (1890 words)

	ITV History
		ITA announces the award of the South Wales and the West of England contract to Independent Television for South Wales and West of England, later to operate as TWW, from ten applications.
		ITA announces the award of the West and North Wales contract to the Wales Television Association, Teledu Cymru, later to operate as Wales (West and North) Television (WWN), from four applications.
		ITA invites new applications for the franchises to run from July 1964 for a period of three years, or until the arrival of ITV2, whichever comes sooner.
	website.lineone.net /~tv-research/database/itvhistory.htm (1095 words)

	The Television History Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Independent Television Authority initiated a shake-up in 1967 and re-drew the ITV map.
		Westward Television (south-west England) was replaced by Television South West; Southern Television (south of England) was ousted by Television South; and ATV (Midlands) was forced to restructure into Central Independent Television.
		In 1988, 24-hour television was introduced gradually across the network and in 1990 and 1992 all the companies contributed to raise funds for charity with the ITV Telethon.
	www.bargains-for-you.biz /tvhistory/itv.html (702 words)

	Thames Television - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1967, the Independent Television Authority (ITA) decided to create a joint company owned by Associated British Corporation (ABC), which had previously held the weekend franchises in the North of England and the Midlands, and the London weekday company Rediffusion, London (formally Associated-Rediffusion).
		Thames was originally based in Rediffusion's former headquarters, Television House, until the opening of the newly-built Thames Television House on Euston Road in the early 1970s.
		The programme questioned the authority of British troops who shot and killed a group of suspected Provisional IRA members who were allegedly planning a terrorist attack on a British military base on Gibraltar.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Thames_Television (1036 words)

	UK Broadcasting History
		Start-up routines were the rituals occurring at least once daily through which the Independent Television Authority (later the IBA) ‘handed over’ control of its television transmitters in different parts of the country to the franchise holders for the region.
		In the early days of broadcasting, when television enthusiasts were likely to make up the entire audience rather than just a small minority, the record of these start-ups was in the form of audio recordings, often captured with a microphone held up to the television loudspeaker.
		The ITA called it their "Croydon" transmitter (though it was strictly not quite in Croydon) but Associated-Rediffusion, more concerned with the great city in which their audience lived and breathed than technical accuracy, always called it "London".
	www.ambisonic.net /arundercover.html (1546 words)

	Note ITV or iTV can also mean interactive television...
		"Independent Television (ITV)" is the name given to the original network of British commercial television British commercial television broadcasters, set up to provide competition to the BBC BBC.
		During this period, the ITA was given the responsibility of regulating the new commercial "Independent Local Radio" (ILR) stations under the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 Sound Broadcasting Act 1972.
		The old Independent Broadcasting Authority was split into the new Independent Television Commission Independent Television Commission (otherwise known as the ITC; the commission also inherited the responsibility of the old Cable Authority Cable Authority) and the Radio Authority Radio Authority.
	www.biodatabase.de /ITV (2363 words)

	ITA / IBA Tuning Signals
		Independent Television Programmes will commence this autumn on Channel 10 from the new ITA Transmitting Station at Emley Moor.
		The ITA used Test Card C, and were keenly looking forward to card D, as this caption broadcast as part of the Trade Test Transmissions demonstrates.
		Channel Television were the last ITV region to be converted to colour, 625 line services from Fremont Point did not begin until 1976.
	www.meldrum.co.uk /mhp/testcard/ita_test.html (670 words)

	Four into three goes... \| The Authority
		An immediate task facing the fledgling Independent Television Authority in 1954 was how to come up with a scheme that promoted both competition between companies and the possibility of networking together to combine strengths.
		The ITA really wanted to have two companies broadcasting in each region simultaneously, but this would have needed all the TV channels in Band III, and the Postmaster General’s iron grip on broadcast frequencies would not relax to let ITA Chairman Sir Kenneth Clark have more than four.
		Curiously, all but the last had originally been opposed to commercial television, and three (other than Granada) were staunchly right-wing, leading to ITV being referred to as ‘Toryvision’ by the Daily Mirror… but that’s another story.
	www.transdiffusion.org /emc/theauthority/big4.php (736 words)

	ITV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The ITA's responsibility was to regulate the new service, ensuring that the new service did not follow the same path taken by American television networks (which were perceived as "vulgar" by some people).
		As a result of this Act, the Independent Broadcasting Authority was abolished, and was replaced by two new "light-touch" regulators: Independent Television Commission (otherwise known as the ITC) and the Radio Authority.
		Television South West and TVS attempted to obtain a judicial review of the ITC's decisions and of the wording of the 1990 Act.
	itv.iqnaut.net (2972 words)

	ITV - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		ATV was restructured into Central Independent Television (Central), and the Midlands converted to a dual region.
		Southern lost their licence to Television South (TVS), and the South of England region was converted to a dual region.
		The IBA was abolished and replaced by the Independent Television Commission (ITC).
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/ITV (1702 words)

	Independent Broadcasting Authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television (ITV and Channel 4 - cable and satellite television were the responsibility of the Cable Authority) and radio broadcasts.
		The IBA came into being when the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 gave the Independent Television Authority responsibility for organising the new Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations.
		It was disbanded as part of the Broadcasting Act 1990, being replaced by the Independent Television Commission (ITC), the Broadcasting Standards Commission (BSC) and the Radio Authority (RAu), which have since been replaced with one regulator, Ofcom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority (262 words)

	Thames Television
		Thames Television was formed in 1968 by an enforced franchise merger of ABC and Rediffusion, at the instigation of the Independent Television Authority in their 1967 review of franchises.
		Programmes were disrupted on the very first day as part of a strike by the technician's union, which plagued the whole of ITV for about a month, during which time an emergency service was transmitted to the whole country by ATV and Thames management, from the old ATV suite in Foley Street.
		Thames Television is now a subsidiary of Pearson Television, who also own a small part of BSkyB, all of Grundy Television, and a 30% share in Channel 5.
	www.users.zetnet.co.uk /itw/Thames/history.html (737 words)

	The Music of Television: The Saga Continues - Part 1
		There is an extraordinary breadth to the music composed (or sometimes chosen) by ITV companies over the years to accompany the handover from the Independent Television Authority (later the IBA) to the television company at the start of the broadcast day.
		Precedents were set by the BBC Television Service, which opened with a specially-commissioned BBC Television March by Eric Coates, played in whole or in part, from 1946 until about 1960.
		The BBC Television Service employed a piece called National Airs, Jack Byfield’s beautifully arranged medley of British traditional songs including “Early One Morning” (England), “The Ash Grove” (Wales), “Londonderry Air/Danny Boy” (Northern Ireland) and “The Campbells Are Coming” (Scotland) in the mid-Fifties as a start-up theme.
	www.xtvworld.com /tv/tvmusic/regional_flavours.htm (1749 words)

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