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Topic: Independent animation

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	Animation
		Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation[?] and stop motion), and then photographing the result.
		Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios.
		However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Animation.html (449 words)

	Animation - Film-Flam
		Cel animation, developed by Bray and Hurd in the 1910s, sped up the process by using transparent overlays so that characters could be moved without the need to repaint the background for every frame.
		The use of computer animation as a way of achieving the otherwise impossible in conventionally shot movies has led to the term "computer generated imagery" being used, though the term is also now used in referring to 3D movies that are entirely animated.
		Animation is also celebrated as an art form (sometimes it receives government funding; this was especially common in eastern Europe in the communist era), and is showcased in many film festivals worldwide.
	www.film-flam.com /wiki/index.php?title=Animation (872 words)

	The IMPORTANCE of Industry Based Training in Animation by Ranjit Singh - Indiantelevision.com's Animation Express - ...
		Be it setting up his own animation and sfx studio in 1995 or providing insights and project reports to help re structure organisations and animation training schools, independent animation producer and TASI India founding member/spokesman Ranjit Singh's 15 yr old stint in the animation Industry is marked with many highlights.
		Animation is labor intensive, requires long hours of dedicated work and being a form of creative expression is not something that can be mastered in a short while.
		Also present are small independent operators who have taken to computer animation and provide some form of low-cost alternatives to the frugal advertiser, corporate house and upcoming independent businessman.
	us.animationxpress.com /anex/y2k4/industry_issues/tony_hr_1.htm (1367 words)

	Dan Mclaughlin
		Animation for Sesame Street, the Amnesty International "Human Rights Now" 1988 world tour, legal expert witness work, and titles for features are among his professional activities.
		"Animation and Modernism", "Independent Animation in the Land of the Magic Kingdom, between a Rock and Hollywood", "Animation, Aesthetics, and the Computer", "Robert Mitchell, A Profile", and "Animation before Film", "A Short History of Interactive Animation" are some of his published articles.
		Presently he is finishing an animated film on gymnastics narrated by Burt Lancaster, an interactive poetry CD ROM, and a major publication in animation.
	animation.filmtv.ucla.edu /students/dan/dan.html (731 words)

	Independent Spirits: In Collaboration \| PBS
		Whereas Disney artists were creating animated characters on cellular pages, drawing hard lines filled in with opaque paint, the Hubleys drew on paper and painted with watercolors, often not staying within the lines.
		They were also the first animators to use real children's voices instead of actors' voices, animating the improvised dialogue of their children at play.
		Emily Hubley shares her parents' passion for animation; she animated many of her mother's films and is an accomplished filmmaker in her own right.
	www.pbs.org /itvs/independentspirits/collaboration.html (510 words)

	Independent animation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Independent animation is a term used to describe animated short cartoons and feature films produced outside the professional Hollywood animation industry.
		When the Hollywood animation industry entered a decline during the 1960s (see Hollywood Animation: The TV Era), a small but steady number of independent animation producers kept the art of animation alive.
		Independently produced Internet cartoons flourished as the popularity of the Web grew, and a number of strange, often hilarious short cartoons were produced for the Web.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_animation (370 words)

	Animation Literature Review
		Delving into the theory of animation in terms of self-figuration (the tendency for animation artists to render an element of themselves in their work), Crafton's book became part of the foundation of the emerging area of animation studies.
		Live-action and animation director Frank Tashlin is the subject of Tashlin, an anthology edited by Roger Garcia with the assistance of Bernard Eisenschitz and published in 1994 by Éditions du Festival international du film de Locarno in collaboration with the British Film Institute.
		A special animation issue published by The Hollywood Reporter every year in winter (for example, in 1999 it was the January 26 issue) presents articles on the current state of the animation industry in terms of economics, business practices, works in progress, studio personnel, and so forth.
	www.animationjournal.com /abstracts/litrev.html (10261 words)

	Cartoombria: Anime and Independent Animation
		In both cases, in fact, one can see how animation is tending to break out of the confines of children's productions to meet the needs of the adult world or to express an independent art form.
		On the other hand, Italian animators have, until very recently, been excluded from the television market and have nearly always shown aversion, or at least indifference, to the relatively poor Japanese product which is seen as an unwanted competitor.
		The independent short risks disappearing altogether, or at least being limited by the means and schools available to help students.
	www.awn.com /mag/issue2.10/2.10pages/2.10cartoom_eng.html (1391 words)

	Declaration Of Independents Independent Animation is Alive and Well in New York by Melissa Chimovitz
		Although the independent movement had satellite members in all points of the country, nowhere was the sense of community stronger than in New York City, and at no time was that community more unified than at the end of the `70s.
		His work alone reflects two of the major characteristics of the independent movement: a responsibility to himself as an artist and to his own style, and the freedom to experiment and change that style as often as he wishes.
		Soon, Rose began projecting her animation upon herself and her dancers on stage, and the mixture of animation and dance provided a new freedom of imagination and possibility.
	www.awn.com /mag/issue3.2/3.2pages/3.2chimovitznyc.html (4883 words)

	Animatus Studio and the High Falls Film Festival
		Set within the context of six decades of American cultural history, the film looks at the careers of Academy Award-winning animators John and Faith Hubley, at their struggle to remain independent in a field that is largely commercial, and at their unique contributions to the development of animation as an art form.
		Independent Spirits is also about the passion, spirit and commitment of independent artists attempting to exist in a culture of compromise.
		John and Faith's twenty-two year collaboration, during which they made twenty-one independent films, won three Academy Awards (out of seven nominations) and "violated all the rules," with their alternative style of animation and innovative use of sound.
	www.animatusstudio.com /highfalls/hfindependent.html (1135 words)

	Art in Motion - Animation Journal
		Many independent animators have worked as fine artists in various media, often using the time-based medium of animation as a way to expand their explorations of movement and temporality in still paintings and drawings.
		Drawing and painting on paper or frosted acetate are techniques that have tended to remain in the realm of independent animation.
		Cameraless animation, also called direct-on-film animation, is made by working directly on the surface of clear, white, or fl film leader, or on pieces of exposed and developed film containing other images.
	www.animationjournal.com /artinmotion/artinmo.html (4397 words)

	Digital Media: The New Black » Blog Archive » Is cross media the future of independent animation?
		This is reflected in the healthy merchandising history surrounding animation properties and the legal and licencing framework in place to accommodate this.
		It seems that TV is no longer as necessary as it once was to launch an animated property to the world and new distribution methods are firmly on the radar.
		The other thing to consider is that innovation is very likely to happen first in the animation space precisely because it is targeted to young audiences who are first adopters of new technologies.
	www.aftrsmedia.com /digimedia/?p=40 (775 words)

	The Animation Co-op (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Imagine if every year, just half the budget of one Hollywood animated feature were dedicated to the production of independent animated films.
		A meeting place where pencils and computers rub shoulders, where members of the independent animation community suggest possibilities, share ideas, support work in production and most of all acknowledge their labor of love for the important endeavor that it is.
		The Animation Co-op is a non-profit network of individuals and organizations dedicated to serving animation creators and enthusiasts by promoting independent production, distribution and education.
	www.animationcoop.org /note.htm (187 words)

	JBFC Series: Animation
		"Independent art animation is the vision of individual filmmakers who create art for adults that is enchanting, exciting, whimsical, funny, contemplative, and/or serious.
		ASIFA (Association Internationale du Film d'Animation) was formed in 1960 by an international group of animators to coordinate and increase worldwide visibility of animated film.
		ASIFA-East holds monthly screenings of animated films and publishes a monthly newsletter filled with information of interest to those in the east coast animation community, as well as fans of the medium.
	www.burnsfilmcenter.org /films/series_animation2.html (474 words)

	Society for Animation Studies Conference 2006 - General Information
		The 18th Annual Society for Animation Studies Conference was held in San Antonio, Texas, at Trinity University from 7 July through to 10 July 2006.
		Over the last couple of decades animation has seen the intersection of the computer with hand-drawn techniques, animation from Asia with that of the West, independent animation with that of commercial interests among many other intersections.
		Also, Animation at the Crossroads aptly describes San Antonio, because it is a city with a long history that revolves around the intersection of cultures of Latin America and the United States.
	crossroads.animationstudies.org (121 words)

	AnimeNation News
		Likewise independent animator Makoto Shinkai has produced animation for major Japanese adult PC games, and a music video for Japanese television network NHK, and Urda creators Romanov Higa are now working on an adaptation of Masamune Shirow's Tank Police Dominion.
		So, at least in Japan, the distinction between "independent" animators and the established studio system isn't very distinct at all, and the fact that a recent anime is the product of a major, established studio doesn't mean that it's a soul-less commercial production.
		American independent animation doesn't particularly seem to be opposed to the mainstream Hollywood studio system; it's simply marginalized and ignored by the Hollywood system and the majority of American consumers.
	www.animenation.net /news/askjohn.php?id=1194 (850 words)

	06/15/2005: "Independent Animation Channel goes live" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The site, which claims to be "the only animation channel that runs just like a real TV station, via the internet, will be streaming video 24 hours, 7 days a week".
		Taking only original content to which the creators keep all their rights, the idea is to showcase independent animators and their work.
		The Independent Animation Channel says it will "travel to events coast to coast to pull in new viewers and will advertise the site everywhere".
	www.animated-news.com /archives/00003618.html (141 words)

	EXP.ANIMATION :: Contemporary Independent Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Exp.animation is a small show of independently produced animated films.
		Most of the work has been created in and around the academic setting of California Institute of the Arts Experimental Animation Program.
		The work generally has a "cinematic", personal nature; these are independent films that are animated, or contain animated elements.
	www.experimentalanimation.com (93 words)

	CalArts - School of Film and Video: Programs: Experimental Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This program is designed for unique, independently minded artists who are interested in personal expression and who regard animation as art in motion.
		In addition, two animation history courses introduce students to the history of all forms of animation and provide a detailed examination of experimental animation as a fine art form.
		Once foundation studies are completed, students work closely with their mentors and other member's of the program's accomplished faculty as they experiment with, and extend, the artistic application of animation techniques and concepts.
	www.calarts.edu /schools/film/programs/programs-anim-exp.html (262 words)

	Death Fall \| ''CARTOON MOGUL'' TOON-ING UP! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It comes as no surprise that several notable animators and animation companies are requesting to showcase their animation at the exhibition.
		Tidwell goes on to say that animation is evolving into a new entertainment art form comparable to the independent film movement of the late 80s, and shows no signs of slowing down.
		This independent animation movement is a result of new talent entering the field of animation by merely using personal computers, while professional animators are opting to independently produce their own animated films outside of the bureaucratic animation industry.
	www.deathfall.com /article.php?sid=3760 (992 words)

	CalArts - School of Film and Video: Programs: Character Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Program in Character Animation is designed for students who seek an understanding of the art of acting animation.
		The first year of the program's intensive four-year curriculum is devoted to courses in life drawing, color and design, storytelling and character animation.
		In the third year, students typically move to the advanced level in their coursework, which can include story classes geared toward the short form (such as commercials and short films), 3-D computer animation classes, and specialized work in background painting, special effects, "inbetweening" and clean-up.
	www.calarts.edu /schools/film/programs/programs-anim-char.html (234 words)

	Irish Animation Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It's a voluntary organisation that was founded in 1998 by a group of Irish animators who came together to create a resource and information centre.
		It core focus is on developing the ndigenous animation industry as well as to encourage a wider understanding of animation as a form of cinematic expression.
		Increase and strengthen the independent animation sector of the Irish film industry.
	www.topgold.com /anamu/todate.html (149 words)

	3D Buzz - Independent film animation
		I'd be interested in discussing topics related to independent animation production; basically small-time Pixar people out there.
		but 3d art and animation are so blasted time consuming, getting the entire thing done is more of a lifetime goal.
		I mainly use max and poser to animate and i based my story on a philip K dick short story and edit it with premier and after effects
	www.3dbuzz.com /vbforum/showthread.php?t=61652 (763 words)

	GreenCine \| product main - Independent Exposure: Animation (2005)
		This program is a special animated anniversary tour through ten years of Independent Exposure, a retrospective featuring a diverse collection of films utilizing a variety of animation styles.
		In 250mg, fragmented pieces of Amoxicillan capsules, hairs and nails are animated in a whimsical montage of light and color, creating a contemporary vision of bodily functions, ailments and cures, punctuated by Dymaxion's...
		An animated short about a femme fatale who creeps along in the night with an objective (abduction of a blissful female) and a motive (to be with the man she loves and role she deserves)....
	www.greencine.com /webCatalog?id=125613 (833 words)

	Independent animation outside the mainstream angelmax
		In 1996 Harvey Deneroff wrote in The Independent Spirit and An Invitation what can be considered a good overview of the independent animation field, still nowdays:
		The conventional wisdom still sees independent animators as filmmakers who toil away producing highly personal and/or experimental short subjects.
		Unlike their live-action counterparts, making an animated feature is seen as beyond the scope (financial and otherwise) of most animation artists.
	www.angelmax.com /2004/03/22/independent_animation_harvey_deneroff (277 words)

	XML.com: Digging Animation
		What we've done here is to add an "animation" element as a child to our "use" element and set a few of its attributes which dictate its behavior.
		I believe being time-based is an SVG advantage, as it allows us to define animations evolving in a realistic unit system (time) and leaves the actual frame-rate decision to the SVG player that will probably try to make most of your CPU to render nice and smooth animations.
		Then again, animation frame computation may not be the most demanding phase of animation, as actual drawing is probably the most demanding.
	www.xml.com /pub/a/2002/01/23/svg (1250 words)

	Blend Films: The Animation of Patrick Smith.
		This is the web-site of animator Patrick Smith.
		Currently, Pat Smith is finishing his next independent short film "I Made a Puppet" (working title) to be released in time for Ottawa Animation Festival.
		The other animators are: Signe Baumane, Bill Plympton, George Griffin, PES, Fran Krause, Mike Overbeck, Jesse Schmal, John Schnall, and Aleksey Budovsky.
	www.squarefootagefilms.com /smith (734 words)

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