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	Independent variable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an experimental design, the independent variable (also known as predictor or regressor) is the variable which is manipulated or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable).
		The independent variable is also called the manipulated variable, predictor variable, exposure variable, explanatory variable, or x-variable.
		To visualize the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, a line chart is commonly used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independent_variable (511 words)

	Independent Variables and Dependent Variables
		"Independent variables" form the basis of a comparison between groups, conditions, etc, by defining the differences between the groups or conditions around which the comparison is made.
		In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is controlled (varied) by the experimenter and the dependent variable is the variable that we measure to determine if the manipulation of the independent variable has an effect.
		Consequently the dependent variable is the response that may vary as a function of the independent variable.
	core.ecu.edu /psyc/wuenschk/StatHelp/IV-DV.htm (2624 words)

	Variable (1 of 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		(Qualitative variables are sometimes called "categorical variables.") Quantitative variables are measured on an ordinal, interval, or ratio scale; qualitative variables are measured on a nominal scale.
		When an experiment is conducted, some variables are manipulated by the experimenter and others are measured from the subjects.
		The former variables are called "independent variables" or "factors" whereas the latter are called "dependent variables" or "dependent measures."
	davidmlane.com /hyperstat/A29697.html (126 words)

	* INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It independent variable is said the warrior's is independent the twofold Way of pen and sword, independent and he should have a taste for both Ways.
		It independent variable is the supreme weapon on independent variable the field before the ranks clash, but once swords are crossed the gun becomes useless.
		As for the other military independent variable arts, those who master the bow are called archers, those who variable independent master the spear are called spearmen, those who master the gun are called marksmen, those who master the halberd are called halberdiers.
	long.qy6.org (4196 words)

	Key concepts and definitions
		Beta is the average amount by which the dependent variable increases when the independent variable increases one standard deviation and other independent variables are held constant.
		is the percent of the variance in the dependent variable, explained by the independent variables.
		Multiple classification analysis: Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is a technique for examining the interrelationship between several predictor variables and one dependent variable in the context of an additive model Independent variables may be measured on nominal or ordinal scales and the dependent variable may be interval scale or a dichotomy.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/idams/advguide/Chapt5_1.htm (946 words)

	Variable (mathematics) - MSN Encarta
		Variable (mathematics), mathematical or physical quantity that does not have a fixed numerical value.
		The dependent variable is the variable being measured, while the independent variable can be controlled by the experiment.
		The dependent variable in this case would be the distance fallen, d, and the independent variable would be the time, t, because the distance fallen depends on the elapsed time.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=701509030 (256 words)

	Independent & Dependent Variables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher, and the dependent variable is the response that is measured.
		An independent variable is the presumed cause, whereas the dependent variable is the presumed effect.
		In experiments, the IV is the variable that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter; whereas the DV is not manipulated, instead the DV is observed or measured for variation as a presumed result of the variation in the IV.
	www.uncp.edu /home/collierw/ivdv.htm (516 words)

	Variables, Functions and Equations
		The degree of a term or monomial is the sum of the exponents of the variables.
		Now there are three variables: your salary and your investment income are independent variables and the amount you spend is the dependent variable.
		There is one dependent variable, the quantity of pizza demanded, and there are two independent variables, the price of pizza and the number of potential pizza eaters.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/sipa/math/variables.html (1153 words)

	[No title]
		Dependent (Outcome) Variable - That factor which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, i.e., that factor that appears, disappears, or varies as the experimenter introduces, removes, or varies the independent variable. In an experiment, this is the outcome we are trying to change by manipulating the independent.
		Independent variable: Dependent variable: Research Answer 2: In elementary school age children, above average height children are not chosen as leaders by their classmates more than are children of below average height.
		Independent variable: Dependent variable: Research Answer 7: High school principals with degrees in gifted education are more likely to be innovative that high school principals without degrees in gifted education.
	www.gifted.uconn.edu /siegle/research/Variables/VariableAssignment.doc (325 words)

	Research Methods - Variables in AllPsych Online
		It is independent of everything that occurs during the experiment because once it is chosen it does not change.
		Researchers must be aware that variables outside of the independent variable(s) may confound or alter the results of a study.
		As previously discussed, any variable that can potentially play a role in the outcome of a study but which is not part of the study is called a confounding variable.
	allpsych.com /researchmethods/variables.html (498 words)

	Variables in Psychological Research
		The factors which we think may be influencing behavior, also the factors which we, as researchers, manipulate deliberately, are called "independent variables." In studying the relationship between gender and spacing, we would vary the gender of the person(s) we observe and measure the systematic differences in interpersonal spacing.
		Thus, measurement of changes in the dependent variable most often involves watching for the occurrence or non-occurrence of a behavior or of changes in the amount of a behavior which occurs as the independent variable changes.
		Either a potentially influential variable is kept the same for all subjects in the research or, where that is not possible, researchers try to balance the effects across the subject group.
	www.ccny.cuny.edu /bbpsy/modules/variables_psych_res.htm (705 words)

	INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
		An independent variable is typically the cause, while a dependent variable is the effect.
		The independent variable is that variable assumed to be the causal variable.
		Something which is an independent variable at one time can be a dependent variable at another.
	sociologyindex.com /independent_variable.htm (108 words)

	RandomVariables - PineWiki
		Indicator variables: The indicator variable for an event A is a variable X that is 1 if A occurs and 0 if it doesn't (i.e., X(w) = 1 if w∈A and 0 otherwise).
		For multiple variables, a joint distribution gives the probability that each variable takes on a particular value; for example, if X and Y are two independent uniform samples from the range [0,1], their distribution function F(x,y) = Pr[X ≤ x /\ Y ≤ y] = xy (when 0 ≤ x,y ≤ 1).
		Expectation tells you the average value of a random variable but it doesn't tell you how far from the average the random variable typically gets: the random variable X = 0 and Y = +-1,000,000,000,000 with equal probability both have expectation 0, though their distributions are very different.
	pine.cs.yale.edu /pinewiki/RandomVariables (2266 words)

	Independent Variable Id Flags
		The usual relationship in a regression equation is a linear relationship in which the dependent and independent variables are used in their arithmetic form.
		There are instances in which the independent variable is related to the dependent variable in a nonlinear form.
		Whenever the dependent variable is transformed, a second equation is required to return an arithmetic value for the dependent variable.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/j/jensena/mgmt105/flag.htm (764 words)

	Definition: Independent variable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This might be a variable that you control, like a treatment, or a variable not under your control, like an exposure.
		An independent variable is a hypothesized cause or influence on a dependent variable.
		Any variable that you are using to make those predictions is an independent variable.
	www.cmh.edu /stats/definitions/iv.htm (150 words)

	Polynomial Regression
		A nonlinear relationship refers to a relationship between the dependent variable and an independent variable in which the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable varies according to the value of that independent variable.
		As with the interaction between two independent variable the collinearity level in polynomial regression is not damaging to the analysis.
		The use of a logarithm is warranted when the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable varies, specifically when for example the effect of the independent variable is stronger at low values of X than at high values.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~branton/interaction/faqpoly.htm (1926 words)

	POWERMUTT: Control Variables
		The fact that two variables in a table are related does not necessarily mean that one is a cause of the other, even if the relationship is statistically significant and we are willing to reject the notion that the relationship is due to chance.
		To introduce a control variable into a relationship displayed in a contingency table, the original table is broken down into two or more subtables, one for each value of the control variable.
		intervening variable (that is, one that comes between the independent and dependent variables in a causal sequence).
	www.csupomona.edu /~jlkorey/POWERMUTT/Topics/control_variables.html (1527 words)

	[No title]
		Step two: Create dummy variables for the independent variable and run the regression using the dependent variable and dummy variables you just created.
		Step four: Assign a value to the original independent variable, and predict the value of your dependent variable using the regression equation.
		Note: Be sure to use N-1 (the independent variable has N categories) dummy variables in the regression.
	www.unm.edu /~stgeorge/dummyvariable.doc (197 words)

	Institute of Transportation Engineers -- ITE
		For a new land use being surveyed, one or more appropriate independent variables need to be identified, measured, and analyzed.
		Variables for similar sites should be provided directly and not be merely estimated from a different variable.
		For example, the number of employees at a site may appear to be a valid independent variable, but it should not be used if the value is typically derived by factoring in another independent variable, such as gross square footage of the development site.
	www.ite.org /parkgen/variables.asp (928 words)

	[No title]
		independent variable: Mathematicians traditionally refer to horizontal axis of a graph as the x axis or the abscissa, while scientists refer to it as the independent variable.
		An independent variable is one that is unaffected by changes in the dependent variable.
		Independent, Dependent, and Control Variables (a) Given the dependent and independent variables, determine the control variables and describe an experiment which might use such variables.
	www.csun.edu /science/courses/525/graphing/graphing.doc (677 words)

	Mathwords: Independent Variable
		A variable in an equation that may have its value freely chosen without considering values of any other variable.
		The variable y is not independent since it depends on the number chosen for x.
		Formally, an independent variable is a variable which can be assigned any permissible value without any restriction imposed by any other variable.
	www.mathwords.com /i/independent_variable.htm (79 words)

	Graphing- Bar Graphs
		Since the scalar dependent variable has a natural zero point (i.e., absolute or ratio), all of the bars are anchored to the horizontal axis, giving a common point of measurement.
		For this type of graph, the dependent variable is almost always a scalar scale representing the count, or number, of how many of a sample fall within each range of the independent variable.
		Since we have a second independent variable, some sort of coding is needed to indicate which level (year) each bar is. Though we could label each bar with text indicating the year, it is more efficient to use color.
	www.ncsu.edu /labwrite/res/gh/gh-bargraph.html (863 words)

	Elementary Concepts in Statistics
		Ordinal variables allow us to rank order the items we measure in terms of which has less and which has more of the quality represented by the variable, but still they do not allow us to say "how much more." A typical example of an ordinal variable is the socioeconomic status of families.
		The statistical significance of a result is the probability that the observed relationship (e.g., between variables) or a difference (e.g., between means) in a sample occurred by pure chance ("luck of the draw"), and that in the population from which the sample was drawn, no such relationship or differences exist.
		It is used only to denote the common variation in the variables in question, that is, the part of variation in one variable that is "explained" by the specific values of the other variable, and vice versa.
	www.statsoft.com /textbook/esc.html (4450 words)

	AMS Glossary
		—Any of those variables of a problem, chosen according to convenience, that may arbitrarily be specified, and that then determine the other or dependent variables of the problem.
		The independent variables are often called the coordinates, particularly in problems involving motion in space.
		Dependent and independent variables can be interchanged, for example, height and pressure.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=independent-variable1 (81 words)

	Multiple Regression
		One possible solution is to perform a regression with one independent variable, and then test whether a second independent variable is related to the residuals from this regression.
		Sometimes you have one or more independent variables which are not of interest, but you have to account for them when doing further analyses.
		Start with all the variables in the model, and drop the least "significant", one at a time, until you are left with only "significant" variables.
	www.okstate.edu /artsci/botany/ordinate/MULTIPLE.htm (1400 words)

	Independent Variable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We think of x as independent (like it takes on a certain set of values that we choose, not which are chosen by an equation) and y as dependent upon x (like the values of y are entirely determined by the equation(s) that realte(s) y to x.
		The dependent variable is the variable whose value depends on the value of the independent variable.
		X is the independent variable, you can pick any number and plug it in for x.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=259879 (959 words)

	Variables & Hypothesis
		The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.
		The new value of the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the independent variable.
		Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables.
	www.sciencebuddies.org /mentoring/project_variables.shtml (805 words)

	[No title]
		The variable D is called a dummy variable for the attribute.
		To estimate the parameters with least squares, in addition to the usual regression assumptions, one assumes that the presence of the attribute does not alter the regression slope (the effect of the independent variable), nor the regression variance.
		Confidence intervals for the mean Obtaining confidence intervals for the regression mean for particular values of the independent variables and particular levels of the categories requires point estimates of the mean as well as the estimated standard error of the mean.
	www.albany.edu /~po467/EPI553/Fall_2005/dummy_variables.doc (926 words)

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