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	Fossil Fuel Index
		Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—are America's primary source of energy, accounting for more than 70 percent of current U.S. electricity generation.
		In fact, fossil fuel-fired electricity generation is the single greatest source of air pollution in the United States, and power plants are the leading U.S. source of carbon dioxide emissions—a primary contributor to global warming.
		To decrease our dependence on fossil fuels while improving human health and environmental sustainability, UCS engages in analysis and advocacy that encourages the implementation of energy efficiency measures and increased use of renewable energy technologies.
	www.ucsusa.org /clean_energy/fossil_fuels (161 words)

	Encyclopedia: Index fossil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Index fossils must be widespread on earth, but restricted to a limit thickness of strata.
		Most index fossils are marine organisms such as the trilobite or ammonite.
		Index fossils is the nice one that is brown too.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Index-fossil (645 words)

	FOSSILS AND STRATA - 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fossils are the remains of living creatures, both plants and animals.
		Fossils are extremely important because they ought to provide evolutionists with all the evidence needed to show that one species has evolved into another.
		Although it is called "fossil evidence," circular reasoning is the basis of the evidence used to prove evolution to be true.
	www.pathlights.com /ce_encyclopedia/12fos02.htm (1663 words)

	INDEX FOSSIL
		A fossil that, because of its wide geographic distribution and restricted time range, can be used to identify and date the strata in which itoccurs.
		An index fossil is a fossil that is found in rocks of only one geologic period and is therefore used to assign a date to any rock in which it is found.
		Index fossils may be used to compare the age of strata in different regions, particularly those fossils that may be found over a large area.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /in/index+fossil.html (358 words)

	Young Radiocarbon Date and Fossil Dating
		It is not generally realised that index fossils are still crucial to the millions-of-years geological dating, in spite of the advent of radioactive ‘dating’ techniques.
		Fossil wood was actually found sitting on top of a fossilised belemnite (Figure 5), probably belonging to the genus Acrocoelites, a Toarcian Stage index fossil in northwest Europe.
		Among well-known index fossils are ammonites (extinct, coiled-shell cephalopods, marine molluscs similar to today’s Nautilus), and the belemnites (extinct, straight-shell cephalopods).
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/AboutPaleontology/GeologicTime/YoungRadiocarbon/YoungRadiocarbon.htm (2281 words)

	index fossil -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A useful index fossil must be distinctive or easily recognizable, abundant, and have a wide geographic distribution and a short range through time.
		Index fossils are the basis for defining boundaries in the geologic time scale and for...
		Vertebrate paleontology is concerned with fossils of the vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042270 (772 words)

	Creation Explanation 3h (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Once a fossil type was accepted as an index fossil, the evolutionary theory of gradual development of life forms was applied to give the index fossil a time significance.
		Any sedimentary rock stratum containing the index fossil was automatically assigned a relative age corresponding to the stage and time of evolutionary history which the fossil species was assumed to represent.
		Many species of fossil ammonoids have been designated as index fossils by which the sedimentary strata in which they are found are given "ages" in the geologic column.
	www.parentcompany.com /creation_explanation/cx3h.htm (962 words)

	World Heritage: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte)
		Here are fossils that document a distinctive fauna, with the ancestors of modern species alongside the doomed giants of a world that was about to be devastated by climatic changes.
		The fossils in the Naracoorte Caves illustrate faunal change spanning several ice ages, highlighting the impacts of both climatic change and humankind on Australia's mammals from at least 350 000 years before the present.
		The Naracoorte fossils span the probable time of the arrival of humans in Australia, and this is valuable in analysing the complex relationships between humans and their environment.
	www.deh.gov.au /heritage/worldheritage/sites/fossil/index.html (862 words)

	Index fossils - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Index fossils are those used to identify a particular layer of the geological column.
		Marine fossils are a preferred index fossil as can be seen in the following US Geologic Survey US Geologic Survey diagram.
		Marine fossils are abundant in the fossil record and can be found in every single layer of the geological column.
	www.nwcreation.net /wiki/index.php?title=Index_fossils (97 words)

	Weather Glossary: Eyewitness News Storm Team Weather
		Food Chain refers to a series of plants and animals that depend upon each other as food sources (i.e., a plant is eaten by a small fish, which is eaten by a larger fish, which is eaten by a bird, and so on).
		Fossil is the hardened remains or traces of plant or animal life from a previous geological period preserved in the Earth's crust.
		Fossil Fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are created by the decomposition of ancient animal and plant remains.
	www.wchstv.com /newsroom/wx/weatherglossary2.shtml (6245 words)

	Index fossils - Paleontology and Geology Glossary
		Index fossils are commonly found, widely distributed fossils that are limited in time span.
		For example, if you find a fossil from an unknown era near a fossil from a known time, you can assume that the two species were from about the same time.
		Nanofossils are microscopic fossils (the remains of calcareous nannoplankton, coccolithophores) from various eras.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/IndexFossils.shtml (308 words)

	CC310: Dating fossils, dating strata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fossils are used to determine the order and dates of the strata in which they are found.
		When these fossils exist, they can be used to determine the age of the strata, because the fossils show that the strata correspond to strata that have already been dated by other means.
		The geological column, including the relative ages of the strata and dominant fossils within various strata, was determined before the theory of evolution.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CC/CC310.html (179 words)

	Fossil Correlation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To learn what an index fossil is and how it can be used to determine the age of rock layers.
		The fossils of these animals are known as index fossils because they are an index marker of the age of the rock layer in which they are found.
		The use of index fossils to determine the age of rocks is easier and quicker than the radioactive decay method.
	members.cox.net /bennowak/solidearth/sela/fosscorr.htm (283 words)

	Geological conflict
		During two visits to the Hornton Quarries, it was established that fossil wood occurs alongside ammonite and belemnite index fossils (see aside below) in the ‘Hornton Stone’, the oxidized silty top of the Marlstone Rock Bed.
		The ammonite recovered in the quarries is Dactylioceras semicelatum (Figure 4), abundant in a subzone of the Tenuicostatum Zone.1 Fossil wood was actually found sitting on top of a fossilised belemnite (Figure 5), probably belonging to the genus Acrocoelites, a Toarcian Stage index fossil in north-west Europe.
		Three samples of fossil wood were collected from the south wall of Hornton Quarries, one from immediately adjacent to the belemnite fossil (Figure 5) during the first visit, and two from locations nearby during the second visit.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v22/i2/geology.asp (2570 words)

	YouDebate.com Forum > Coelacanth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Due to the fact that certain evolutionist say the living coelacanth is not represented in the fossil records I present this article form USC Berrley, not exactly a hotbed of Creationist thought.
		This is a case of an animal evolutionists used as proof of trans-mutation of fossils and an index fossil, used to date rock.
		This was an important index fossil and it shows the fallacy of the geologic collumn being a dating tool.
	www.youdebate.com /cgi-bin/scarecrow/topic.cgi?forum=3&topic=3693 (7689 words)

	SDNHM Fossil Field Guide Glossary
		A large group of fossil animals found in the same location and regarded as from the same time period.
		Describing a species which is abundant and widespread in fossil form, but confined to a specific period of geologic time, such that its presence can be used to geologically date the rocks in which it is found.
		Fossil footprints that reveal a pattern of movement along a particular area.
	www.sdnhm.org /exhibits/mystery/fg_glossary.html (1547 words)

	Paleontology curriculum- Fossil Identification
		Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient life that are preserved in rocks.
		Because fossils are restricted to a certain time interval, a fossil can be used to determine the relative age of the rock in which it is preserved.
		Because each fossil has a different part exposed in real life, instruct the students to look at each fossil from various angles in order to practice seeing their fossils from different perspectives.
	www.nps.gov /maca/learnhome/cur_p_ide.htm (668 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		Only a small fraction of ancient organisms are preserved as fossils, and usually only organisms that have a solid and resistant skeleton are preserved.
		The fossil wedges are proof of past cooling of climate and of the depth of permafrost.
		Artifacts that share the attributes of index fossils are useful in the cross-dating and correlation of deposits that contain them and in the construction of chronologies.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=fossil (580 words)

	Story Page
		A fossil is any evidence of earlier life preserved in a rock.
		Fossils that are typical of a particular time segment of Earth's history are called index fossils or guide fossils.
		Radioactive decay is the process whereby a radioactive element releases an alpha ray from the nucleus to form a new, lighter element.
	ecr.lausd.k12.ca.us /staff/gbowen/page20.html (246 words)

	Index fossil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An index fossil is a fossil that is found in rocks of only one geologic period and is therefore used to assign a date to any rock that it is found in.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		In the dry ink and vellum of that ancient legal document follows: "And I direct him [Diego] to make provision for Beatriz Enriquez, honestly, being a person to whom I am under very great obligation.
	www.termsdefined.net /in/index-fossil.html (147 words)

	Malvaceae Info: Fossil Pollen
		Consequently, and as fossils of one plant part often cannot be unambigiously associated with those of another plant part, palaeobotanists use form genera to classify parts of plants of uncertain taxonomic position.
		Material on fossil pollen often omits the taxonomic position of the material, and I have probably omitted some genera which are considered malvaceous; for example, Thomsonipollis is a segregate from Intratriporopollenites, but I don't whether the segregator placed the former in the same taxon (Malvaceae sensu lato) as the latter.
		It is common enough to be an important index fossil in the north Tethyan floral belt.
	www.malvaceae.info /Fossil/Pollen.html (2053 words)

	Dating Fossils: Geology; errors and assumptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An index fossil is usually a fossilized animal or plant species that is now extinct.
		Polystrate fossils are fossils, such as trees, that extend through several rock strata.
		The fossils are all in the wrong order, with supposedly very old fossils at the top of the mountain, and supposedly recent ones at the bottom.
	www.eadshome.com /Fossils.htm (1103 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is obvious that it cannot be an "index fossil" for any age rock.
		If the modern species of coelacanth were used as index fossils, it would seem reasonable to expect that this would be reflected in the literature.
		Second, in general it would disestablish a particular index fossil if it were found to have a much larger stratigraphic extent than its previous application had covered.
	www.antievolution.org /topics/law/ar_hb2548/wre_coelacanth.html (717 words)

	ipedia.com: Index fossil Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Index fossils are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods.
		They work on the premise that although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were...
		Other important groups that provide index fossils are the corals, graptolites, brachiopods,trilobites, and echinoids (sea urchins).
	www.ipedia.com /index_fossil.html (334 words)

	Assessing the potential for the stomatal characters of extant and fossil Ginkgo leaves to signal atmospheric CO2 change ...
		is a ratio of CO concentration in the past relative to the preindustrial value, and the stomatal ratio is calculated from the ratio of the stomatal index of the fossils leaves (Table 3) to the stomatal index of living Ginkgo (horizontal lines).
		Kerp H. 1990 The study of fossil gymnosperms by means of cuticular analysis.
		———, and W. Chaloner 1995 Stomatal density and index of fossil plants track atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Palaeozoic.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/7/1309 (3514 words)

	UFO.Whipnet.org \| Aliens \| Creation \| History of Evolution Theory
		It was once an "index fossil, used to date a sedimentary strata.
		If their strata theory was correct, no living specimens could occur, since no coelacanth fossils had been found in the millions of years of higher strata.
		As mentioned earlier, in 1861 a fossilized feather was found in the limestone deposits in Solnhofen, Germany (near Eichstatt).
	ufo.whipnet.org /creation/evolution.theory.history/index2.html (7097 words)

	Fossil Index
		This is my fossil photo album with descriptions of specimens from my personal fossil collection and those of friends and institutions.
		Leaves and Stems from Fossil Forests: a Handbook of the Paleobotanical Collections in the Illinois State Museum
		Copyright Notice: All photos are copyrighted and protected by the laws of the United States.
	www.catnapin.com /Fossil/FossilIndex.htm (550 words)

	INDEX FOSSIL LAB
		Place fossil's number 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 on the chart below.
		List by number six fossils that would be found in cretaceous rocks.
		List by number three fossils that would be found in Silurian Rocks.
	www.iasd.cc /JH_Teachers/steffy/teacherwebpage/Geology%20for%20Web%20page\INDEX%20FOSSIL%20LAB1.htm (146 words)

	GSA Free Teacher Resources - Secondary Lesson Plans - Paleontology & Evolution
		The Evolution of Flight - examines evidence from the fossil record, behavior, biomechanics and cladistic analysis to interpret the sequence of events that led to flight in the dinosaur lineage.
		Learning From the Fossil Record - A collection of informative papers and activities to assist teachers in using paleontology and related fields to teach major concepts in science.
		Scientists use layers of rock with fossils to understand the past.
	www.geosociety.org /educate/LessonPlans/s_paleo.htm (470 words)

	CAP Book Review: The Lentin & Williams Index of Fossil Dinoflagellates
		As a vehicle for clarifying and stabilising dinoflagellate taxonomy and systematics, the importance of the Index cannot be overemphasised.
		The main text of the Index itself remains largely comparable to previous editions, and is accompanied by two Appendices containing non-dinoflagellate genera and generic names not based on fossilisable forms.
		Perhaps you may criticise this review for being positive in the extreme, but I for one believe that the publication of this series of indices, and the new edition in particular, has performed such a sterling service to dinoflagellate workers over the past quarter century (gulp!), that its importance cannot be over-estimated.
	www.scirpus.ca /cap/reviews/review20.htm (772 words)

	Fossil Groups - Mollusks
		Mollusks first appear in the fossil record about 545 million years ago in earliest Cambrian time, but the record of their origin and early evolution has not been discovered in the fossil record.
		During the Mesozoic (~245-65 million years ago) the ammonites, a relative of the modern chambered nautilus, flourished and are an important part of the fossil record, but they became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous at the same time as the dinosaurs.
		Mollusks have many of the properties of good index fossils: The hard shells of many mollusks means they are generally well-preserved, and they are often one of the few fossils found in certain environments.
	geology.er.usgs.gov /paleo/mollusks.shtml (1570 words)

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