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Topic: Indian Campaign Medal

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	Indian Campaign Medal - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The medal was retroactively awarded to any soldier of the U.S. Army who had participated in military actions against Native American Indians between the years of 1865 to 1891.
		The Indian Campaign Medal was issued as a one time decoration only and there were no devices or service stars authorized for those who had participated in multiple actions.
		In the mid-20th century, the Army declared the Indian Campaign Medal obsolete and began an effort, under pressure, to collect and destroy original and reproduced Indian Campaign Medals.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Indian_Campaign_Medal (443 words)

	Native American - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The terms "Amerindian" and "Indian", both of which are derivatives of "American Indian" (as is "Amerind", though this term is more popular in linguistic circles), are not necessarily completely synonymous with "Native American".
		As recently as the 1970s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs was still actively pursuing a policy of "assimilation" [9] (http://www.doiu.nbc.gov/orientation/bia2.cfm), the goal of which was to eliminate the reservations and steer Indians into mainstream U.S. culture.
		The terms Indian or American Indian were born of the misconception by Christopher Columbus that the Caribbean islands were the islands in Southeast Asia known to Europeans as the Indies.
	www.gogog.com /project/wikipedia/index.php/Native_American (4962 words)

	indian
		A battle with the Indians on the Powder River on March 17 by the army under the command of General George Crook resulted in an initial victory for Crook’s forces but was immediately followed by the Indians forcing a withdrawal of the army troops.
		The Bannock Indian War of 1878 was the last major uprising of the American Indian in the states of the Northwest against the encroachment of the white man upon his domain.
		A report to the Secretary of the Interior of a visit in September 1870, to the Chippewa Indians of Minnesota, the Santee Sioux, in Nebraska, the Yankton Sioux and the Ponkas, in Dacota, and the Ogallalla and Upper Burle Sioux in the Indian Territory.
	www.custerbooks.com /indianlist.htm (13464 words)

	British & Indian Medals of the Great War
		Indian Army 1914-15 Stars including those issued to British Officers of the Indian Army, were produced by the Calcutta Mint, and as such are slightly different from those minted in London.
		The medal is bronze, and the ribbon is a watered rainbow with red, yellow, green, blue and violet emanating outwards to either side.
		A significant number of Indian units received this medal, both named and un-named, and it was the last campaign medal issued to the Indian Army during the British Raj.
	www.king-emperor.com /medals-campaign.htm (2975 words)

	Indian Wars Medal
		The Indian Wars Medal is worn after the Civil War Campaign Medal and before the Spanish Campaign Medal.
		The Indian warrior in fighting regalia represents "the highly active and troublesome enemy of the frontier campaigns." The idea of a mounted Indian was intended by Millet to symbolize the ancient Greek horsemen as represented on the frieze of the Parthenon.
		With the standards are rifles, an Indian shield, a spear and quiver of arrows, a Cuban machete, and a sulu kriss.
	foxfall.com /csm-army-iwm.htm (640 words)

	MILNET Brief
		The Philippine Campaign Medal for the Navy and Marine Corps was authorized in 1908.
		A campaign medal was designed for each Theater, and participation in designated battles or campaigns was designated by the use of small campaign stars (rather than bars as was the case for the WW I Victory Medal) affixed to the medal and service ribbons.
		The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal was authorized on November 6, 1942 for service in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater as a regularly assigned member of a unit or vessel between December 7,1941 and March 2, 1946.
	www.milnet.com /pentagon/medals/medals.htm (11161 words)

	American Indian Veterans Medal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Indian Wars or US Army Indian Campaign Medal is the government-issued participation medal that recognizes the contribution of those members of the US military who battled tribes in the Indian Wars of the 19th Century.
		Indian War campaign medals are rarely seen today both because they were not made in large numbers to begin with and because the descendants of the veterans who received them treasure these medals.
		Indian War (first ribbon): Millet chose two shades of red because “vermillion was the favorite color of all savage tribes, particularly the North American Indian.” (Second ribbon): Created to avoid the confusion of the first choice with the French Legion of Honor, red background with fl stripe edging.
	personalpages.tds.net /~rlaws (2830 words)

	Medals of Dishonor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On the obverse is a mounted Indian facing sinister, wearing a war bonnet, and carrying a spear in his right hand.
		On the reverse is a trophy, composed of an eagle perched on a cannon supported by crossed flags, rifles, an Indian shield, spear, and quiver of arrows, a Cuban machete, and a Sulu kriss.
		The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 1 3/8 inches in length and 1 3/8 inches in width composed of a red stripe (1/4 inch), fl stripe (3/16 inch), red band (1/2 inch), fl stripe (3/16 inch), and red stripe (1/4 inch).
	www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net /articles/wkmedals.html (452 words)

	9th Memorial Cavalry: Decorations and Medals from the period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Following Congressional approval on 11th of January 1905, the Indian Campaign Medal was authorized for wear by Army personnel by General Order 12 in 1907.
		The medal was awarded for service in a variety of campaigns and engagements against Indian tribes throughout the Western states between 1865 and 1891.
		Like many other campaign medals the ribbon of the Spanish Campaign Medal was changed in 1913 from the red and yellow to a yellow and blue (version shown).
	www.9thcavalry.com /drill_manual/medals.htm (193 words)

	medals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Three separate campaigns are recognized: the defense of Saudi Arabia, the liberation of Kuwait and enforcing the cease-fire agreement through Nov. 30, 1995 and service members can be awarded the medal up to three times.
		The Iraq Campaign Medal (ICM) is authorized by the President of the United States by Public Law 108-234 and Executive Order 13363, 29 November 2004.
		The ICM period of eligiblity is on or after 19 March 2003 to a future date to be determined by the Secretary of Defense or the cessation of OIF.
	www.invsoa.homestead.com /medals.html (5447 words)

	USA Patriotism! ... Indian War Campaign Medal of Honor Recipients (A to L)
		Citation: While the Indians were concealed in a ravine, assisted men on the skirmish line, directing their fire, etc., and using every effort to dislodge the enemy.
		Citation: Was gallant and meritorious throughout the campaigns, especially in the combat of October 15 and in the forced march on September 23, 24 and 25 to the relief of Forsyth's Scouts, who were known to be in danger of annihilation by largely superior forces of Indians.
		Finding that the Indians were making for a position from which they could direct their fire on the retreating troop, the Lieutenant held his point with his party until the soldiers reached the safety of a canyon.
	www.usa-patriotism.com /tribute/moh/iwc_a-l.htm (8311 words)

	Native American (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As recently as the 1970s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs was still actively pursuing a policy of "assimilation" http://www.doiu.nbc.gov/orientation/bia2.cfm, the goal of which was to eliminate the reservations and steer Indians into mainstream U.S. culture.
		http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0762158.html Despite the preferences of American Indians, American teachers and academics (excepting many historians, who generally use the historical term) have persuaded Most "white" Americans to use the term "Native Americans." Many Americans mistakenly believe Indians is offensive; Russell Means, the famous American Indian activist, is instead offended by the term Native Americans.
		http://www.peaknet.net/~aardvark/means.html Some American Indians oppose the term Native American because, they argue, it serves to ease the conscience of "white America" with regard to past injustices done to American Indians by effectively eliminating "Indians" from the present.
	native-american.iqnaut.net (4783 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Under President Andrew Jackson, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the President to conduct treaties to exchange Indian land east of the Mississippi River for lands west of the river.
		These schools, which were primarily run by Christians [1], proved traumatic to Indian children, who were forbidden to speak their native languages, taught Christianity instead of their native religions and in numerous other ways forced to abandon their Indian identity[2] and adopt European-American culture.
		As recently as the 1970s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs was still actively pursuing a policy of "assimilation" [6], the goal of which was to eliminate the reservations and steer Indians into mainstream U.S. culture.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States (4698 words)

	Native American (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		'''Native Americans''' (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants.
		Depending on the context, the terms "Indian" or "Native American" may or may not include the Eskimos (Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples), whose culture and genetics are distinct from the other groups.
		These schools, which were primarily run by Christians http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewarticle.asp?AuthorID=2616&id=7375, proved traumatic to Indian children, who were forbidden to speak their native languages, taught Christianity instead of their native religions, and in numerous other ways forced to abandon their Indian identityhttp://www.sacbee.com/static/archive/news/projects/native/day2_main.html and adopt European-American culture.
	native-american.kiwiki.homeip.net (4253 words)

	USA Patriotism! ... Indian War Campaign Medal of Honor Recipients (M to Z)
		Citation: While engaged with Indians concealed in a ravine, he assisted the men on the skirmish line, directed their fire, encouraged them by example, and used every effort to dislodge the enemy.
		Citation: Killed a hostile Indian at close quarters, and, although entitled to retirement from service, remained to the close of the campaign.
		Citation: While in command of S men and carrying dispatches, was attacked by 125 Indians, whorr, he with his command fought throughout the day, he being severely wounded.
	www.usa-patriotism.com /tribute/moh/iwc_m-z.htm (6881 words)

	eBay.co.uk: Indian Campaign Medal (item 6638654854 end time 24-Jun-06 18:08:22 BST) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Campaign medal awarded to Private J Greeley 2nd battalion Kings Own Scottish Borderers
		Ill try and get clearer pictures and send them to you meanwhile, the medal is in excellent condition although the ribbon could do with a 'bit of needlework';...
		Delivery times are provided by the carrier, excluding weekends and bank holidays, and may vary with package origin and destination, particularly during peak periods.
	cgi.ebay.co.uk /Indian-Campaign-Medal_W0QQitemZ6638654854QQcategoryZ583QQcmdZViewItem (188 words)

	LAPAHIE.com 3.4 \ Profile of Francisco
		The Medal, approved by Congress on January 11, 1905, and authorized through General Order 12 in 1907, consisted of a bronze medallion on a red and fl ribbon.
		The Geronimo Campaign was from 1872 to 1886, though it was not known when he stopped being a scout.
		This medal, authorized by Congress in 1876, consisted of a bronze medallion on a red and fl ribbon and was awarded to those who served with valor and courage.
	www.lapahie.com /Francisco.cfm (812 words)

	About American Indians
		A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, about 1908
		This, together with the near-extinction of the American Bison which many tribes had lived on, set about the downturn of Prairie Culture that had developed around the use of the horse for hunting, travel and trading.
		"Wes Studi, the American actor, is Cherokee" is thus probably preferable to "Wes Studi, the American actor, is an Indian." [19] (http://www.allthingscherokee.com/atc_sub_culture_feat_events_070101.html)
	americanindians.biz /american-indians.php (4893 words)

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