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	II Journal: The Roots of South Indian Cinema
		Cinema made its appearance in India at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the country was poised for major social and political changes.
		As cinema was becoming established as a popular entertainment in south India, the Non-Cooperation Movement aimed against British rule brought about a political awakening and Gandhi emerged as a national leader.
		One of the dominant characteristics of south Indian cinema is its close interaction with politics.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol9no2/baskaran_cinema.html (1765 words)

	Indian Cinema - Embassy of India in Armenia [ENG]
		Indian films inherited two traditions: first, the tradition of silent cinema representing a new international non-verbal visual style of presentation; secondly, the style of ancient Sanskrit theatre going back to a tradition of over 2000 years.
		Indian cinema also acquired two Indian characteristics; first the subject matter of a large percentage of films was drawn from Indian mythology.
		Cinema grew as a magnificent diversion with speech, song, dance and mime, rich in emotions of all kinds in which conflicts got harmoniously resolved with happiness for the people through the victory of the hero.
	indianembassy.am /eng/cinema.html (643 words)

	Indian Cinema: Tisch School of the Arts at NYU
		This conference brings together most of the major scholars on Indian Cinema from around the world, as well as new and emerging scholars in the field, in order to take stock of current work and outline directions for future research in the field.
		The goal of the conference is to foster a deeper understanding of the aesthetic, economic, and technological forces that have shaped the history and practice of cinema in India.
		In particular, the conference is designed to combine existing approaches to Indian film with new perspectives that recognize the transformative power of globalization on the aesthetic, social, and cultural value of cinema, and thereby foster new ways of thinking about the past.
	cinema.tisch.nyu.edu /object/indiancinema.html (534 words)

	[No title]
		Indian cinema is a dream machine that churns out a new fantasy, a new romance every day.
		Culture mandarins may protest, but the fact is that this very cinema - particularly that peculiar genre of Hindi mainstream cinema - is possibly the single most binding force that unites communities and people in a land as diverse as India.
		The best-known of them is, of course, the late Satyajit Ray, the Bengali film maker who put Indian cinema on the world map through his Apu trilogy.
	www.tourismofindia.com /exi/cinema.htm (793 words)

	Amazon.com: Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema: 2nd Revised Edition: Books: Ashish Rajadhyaksha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen is perhaps the most exhaustive compendium of reference material compiled as a resource guide for film students and movie buffs around the world.
		Cinema is but another idiom of complex social, cultural, political, and historical influences especially in a country as diverse as India in its many regional languages, and ethnic and religious pluralism.
		The Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema is really a loving tribute to the amazing men and women who made the film industry the most prolific in the world.
	www.amazon.com /Encyclopedia-Indian-Cinema-2nd-Revised/dp/085170669X (1650 words)

	Cinema of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian films are gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the world, especially in countries with large numbers of expatriate Indians.
		Cinema was introduced to India on July 7, 1896.
		Cinema houses were set up in major Indian cities in this period, like one in Madras (in 1900 by Major Warrick), the Novelty Cinema in Bombay (where newsreels from the Boer Wars were shown) and the Elphinstone Picture Palace in Calcutta (set up by J.F. Madan in 1907).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cinema_of_India (3701 words)

	The Culture-specific use of sound in india cinema
		Mainstream Indian cinema too, takes the sound design of an average film for granted, since songs and music form a major part of the narrative and cinematic space, and are almost automatic ingredients of Indian cinema.
		Indian film music is said to be the ideal adaptive response of Indian culture to the technologyinspired, jetlike pace of the 20th Century.
		Indian cinema, mainly of the mainstream kind, is flush with visuals of musical instruments used within the miseenscene of the film.
	www.filmsound.org /india (9213 words)

	History of Indian Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The strong influence of its traditional arts, music, dance and popular theatre on the cinema movement in India in its early days, is probable responsible for its characteristic enthusiasm for inserting song and dance sequences in Indian cinema, even till today.
		Central in Phalke's career as a filmmaker was his fervent belief in the nationalistic philosophy of swadeshi, which advocated that Indians should take charge of their own economy in the perspective of future Independence.
		The bathtub sequence where Harishchandra comes to call his wife Taramati, who is in the tub, with her fully drenched attendants is indeed the first bath-tub scene in Indian cinema.
	www.cinemaofmalayalam.net /his_Indian_cinema.html (723 words)

	Cinema of India Summary
		Cinema was introduced in India on 7 July 1896 when the Lumière brothers invited the residents of Mumbai (Bombay) to see their movies brought from France.
		The principal difference between American and Indian commercial cinema is that Indian films usually feature periodic song-and-dance routines (thus they can be considered musical films) which, in a good movie, are expected to move the story forward (in mediocre movies, they are poorly integrated into the story).
		Indian Cinema, especially Bollywood, is continuously criticised for its lack of creativity and its over usage of the same plot line.
	www.bookrags.com /Cinema_of_India (4819 words)

	Indian Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		But the Indian cinema derived its unique flavor from the older Indian musical theater-particularly from the Urdu poetic dramas of the late nineteenth century.
		The influence of this tradition ensured that Indian movies would favor mythological or legendary-historical stories, that their dialogue would carry an Urdu flavor even in languages other than Urdu, and that every film would be a musical.
		Because Indian films are made predominantly for semi-literate audiences, they contain numerous action scenes (fights), elaborate song and dance sequences, a fair dose of slapstick comedy, and an obligatory love story.
	www.virginia.edu /soasia/newsletter/Fall94/10.html (814 words)

	Indian Cinema Gets Good Reception Abroad
		With Indian film stars performing in Hollywood flicks, Indian film-makers aspiring to make 'global cinema' catering to the International audiences and the first-ever Hollywood-Bollywood co-production in India, the Indian film industry is witnessing a revolution...
		Indian film critics believe that the industry has the best of talent and if their potential is channelised properly even Bollywood directors can go on to direct Hollywood films.
		The attention that Indian films like Lagaan, Monsoon Wedding, Bend It Like Bechkam and the recent musical theatre Bombay Dreams have received abroad has ruled out the apprehensions of some film-makers who had presumed that Hindi films will be subjected to ridicule due to their style of song-and-dance set in the films.
	www.indiatraveltimes.com /cinema/inter.html (614 words)

	Asia Times: Britain wakes up to Indian cinema
		Many of the films are made in the south, but popular cinema comes from the western Indian city of Mumbai, or Bollywood as it is called in a light, if not entirely respectful, reference to Hollywood.
		Another Indian film, Taal, which made it into Britain's top 10, raked in a quarter of a million pounds in the first week of its release in 24 cinemas across Britain.
		Even the Indian equivalent of the Oscar awards was held earlier this year at the Millennium Dome in London.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/CA06Df02.html (825 words)

	INDIAN MIRROR - ARTS - Cinema, architecture, sculpture, paintings, dance, music, literature
		Cinema is only one century old, but it has emerged as the most powerful influence on an Indians' emotions.
		Serious post-war Indian cinema was for years associated with Satyajit Ray.
		It was a landmark in the history of Indian cinema.
	www.indianmirror.com /arts/arts6.html (1447 words)

	webindia123.com- movies- Indian Cinema
		The Indian film industry is the oldest and the largest in the world with over 1200 movies released annually.
		The history of Indian Cinema can be traced back to 1896 when the famous Lumiere Brothers' of France demonstrated six soundless short films in Bombay.
		The 50's was a unique time in Indian cinema, blessed with talented directors and artistes who could stamp their individuality in their work..
	www.webindia123.com /movie/fact/history.htm (741 words)

	Women in Indian Cinema
		But by doing this he also indicates and reaffirms the contemporary popular reading of the epic which reaffirms the notion that a woman can be safe only under the protection of a man who is either her husband or bears a chaste relationship towards her.
		Writing in G, an Indian film magazine, Monica Motwani states ``The heroine may have metamorphised (sic) over the years, but she still cannot break away from the shackles of certain norms set by Hindi cinema years ago."[MM96] On the other hand there are some who posit a major progressiveness in attitudes towards women.
		Another important counterpoint to popular Hindi cinema is found in the character of Abu Miyan, the old muslim who tries to protect the women from the Subedar.
	www.cs.jhu.edu /~bagchi/women.html (6814 words)

	Ritwik Ghatak
		The tendency, both in and outside India, to valourise the cinema of Ray as representative of everyday life in India or as representative of Indian cinema in general, is problematic.
		My own response to this issue of Ghatak's status within Indian cinema is merely to frame the competing views on his worth that exist within the discourse of this cinema and its history.
		It seems that despite Ghatak's claim to have been drawn to the cinema by the size of the audience he could reach, as Satyajit Ray has noted, “Ritwik had the misfortune to be largely ignored by the Bengali film public in his lifetime” (36).
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/directors/03/ghatak.html (6904 words)

	History of Indian Cinema - India Scene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		True to the contradictions that make up India, the factors that would have a profound influence on Indian cinema - silent and sound (talkie) - are those that happened before the advent of the motion picture.
		Translated into several Indian languages, it determined the form of theatre and later of cinema : song and dance extravaganzas so proliferated in cinema that they were dismissed as 'sing-song noises' but later evolved into some of the most haunting melodies ever.
		Cinema continued the tradition of fanciful sets and costumes.
	www.indiaheritage.org /perform/cinema/history/inscene.htm (362 words)

	Manas: Culture, Indian Cinema- Amitabh Bachhan
		This is at a time, in the mid-1970s, when domestic politics was in a period of great turmoil, student unrest was high, and the employment prospects for educated young men were bleak at best.
		In Deewar, which furnishes the classic example of the double in the Hindi cinema, he played the role of a mafia don and smuggler opposite his policeman brother, played by Shashi Kapoor.
		He married Jaya Bhaduri, herself one of the most successful and accomplished actresses in the Hindi cinema, and it is perhaps telling that, quite in the Indian fashion, she ceased to act in Hindi films after their marriage.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/Culture/Cinema/Amitabh.html (510 words)

	Initiating Australians into Indian cinema-World Buzz-Entertainment-NEWS-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		SYDNEY: A subtle way of popularising the not-so-subtle Bollywood cinema among the Western audience is to let them appreciate the cultural context of the movies, an idea that is being experimented with the Australian audience here.
		With Indian films making it to the top 10 charts in the US and the UK, a lot of interest has been generated here in Indian cinema.
		Exploring the unique narrative structures of Indian cinema, the seminar has been presented by the Media Department of Macquarie University in conjunction with the Australian Film, Television and Radio School.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /cms.dll/articleshow?artid=24863724 (525 words)

	Manas: Culture, Indian Cinema
		Though the first film advertisement in India appeared in the Times of India on 7 July 1896, inviting people to witness the Lumiere Brothers' moving pictures, "the wonder of the world", it was not until early 1913 that an Indian film received a public screening.
		hile a number of other film-makers, working in several Indian languages, pioneered the growth and development of Indian cinema, the studio system was beginning to emerge in the early 1930s.
		Meanwhile, the Hindi cinema had seen the rise of its first undisputed genius, Guru Dutt, whose films critiqued the conventions of society and deplored the conditions which compel artists to forgo their inspiration.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/Culture/Cinema/cinema.html (631 words)

	Art forms of India
		At the turn of the 20th century, when the country was poised for major social and political reforms, a new entertainment form dawned in India - the Cinema.
		After stepping into 1920, the Indian cinema gradually assumed the shape of a regular industry.
		The first Indian talkie Alam Ara produced by the imperial film company and directed by Ardeshir Irani was released on March 14, 1931 at the Majestic Cinema in Bombay.
	www.indiansaga.com /art/cinema_art.html (470 words)

	Bollywood.....Indian Cinema on CuisineCuisine.com
		It is a well known fact that the Indian film industry produces more films than any other country in the world and the films sell in more than 50 countries around the world.
		Indian movies are generally 3 hours long with an intermission in between to stretch your legs.
		Indian movies are a real "get-away" for the movie goer as you will be taken into a completely different world.
	www.cuisinecuisine.com /IndianMovieTheaters.htm (701 words)

	cinema south india News, Reviews on south indian cinema, music - Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Thiruvananthapuram, Dec 11: Cinema would be forced to opt for digital technology from the production stage to their exhibition in future, critics and directors who took part in a seminar on the sidelines of the ongoing International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) said today.
		Panaji, Nov 25: G Aravindan, one of Malayalam cinema's most prolific directors, was remembered at the International Film Festival of India with a retrospective of his movies being screened here.
		New Delhi,Dec.19: Diya Mirza an Indian model and actress was born on 9 December 1981 in Hyderabad.
	www.newkerala.com /india/south-indian-cinema-news.php (1460 words)

	Osian's-Cinefan 8th Festival of Asian Cinema
		Festival of Asian Cinema gets underway in Delhi on 14 July 2006, and on the 15th we will have our gala Opening ceremony, followed by the world premiere of Pan Nalin's sumptuous new picture, Valley of Flowers.
		Over ten days, audiences will be treated to the very best of Asian and Arab cinema —new films by old masters, many of them world premieres, bold and innovative debut features, stories that travel across continents and borders, over mountains and into homes.
		Our Tributes section comprises a retrospective look at the cinema of Ritwik Ghatak and Stanley Kwan, and four films from under the banner of New Theatres, in acknowledgment of their 75th year in the business.
	www.cinemaya.net (419 words)

	Bright Lights Film Journal \| Censorship and Indian Cinema: The Case of War and Peace
		Here it is an alternative sexuality that threatens the notion of “Indian Family.” Fire’s opponents were concerned about the “corruption of the minds of women.” The notion that a particular film “can be seen with the family” is often code indicating a concern for protecting women and children.
		Even the permission of the Indian State could not protect her from a bunch of Hindu right-wing fanatics.
		It is time to look into the role that can be played by criticism, analysis, and cinema literacy rather than relying on a Censor Board that acts as a moral police and can also be a tool in the hands of the powers that be to suppress voices of dissent.
	www.brightlightsfilm.com /38/indiacensor.htm (1686 words)

	INDOlink - News & Analysis - Bollywood and the Indian Muslims
		To say that cinema in India is mere escapist entertainment would be a poor understanding of the wonder that’s India.
		According to Bollywood movies that are currently made, Indian Muslim doesn’t go to office, they don’t smile and their career graph does not follow the usual arch of human endeavor.
		These are the Indian family values, which are common to all irrespective of religious leanings.
	www.indolink.com /displayArticleS.php?id=092106114032 (1559 words)

	Indiantelevision dot com's Interview with Real Image Media Technologies director Senthil Kumar
		At present, there are over 800 DTS cinemas in India and over 590 Indian films have been produced in the DTS sound format.
		DLP Cinema technology from Texas Instruments forms the basis of high quality projectors for the home and for digital theatres.
		The Qube Cinema playlists and scheduling are enabled to allow hands-free operations (the control can be placed in the theatre manager's cabin) of advertising commercials, trailers and the main feature.
	www.indiantelevision.com /perspectives/y2k3/interview/senthilk.htm (2107 words)

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