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Topic: Indian English

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	New Georgia Encyclopedia: English Trade in Deerskins and Indian Slaves
		Indian slave raiders captured slaves, mostly women and children, by the thousands and sold them to English, French, and Dutch slavers, who shipped them to the sugar plantations in the Caribbean, although some certainly went to the new coastal plantations in Virginia, South Carolina, and French Louisiana.
		Wherever slaving penetrated, the same processes unfolded: many Indian groups moved to escape slave raiders; some groups joined others in an effort to bolster their numbers and present a stronger defense; some groups became extinct after losses to disease and slave raiding; and all those left became part of the slave trade.
		Assailed from the north by the Iroquois and from the east by the Westos, Indians deep in the interior of Georgia sought refuge by moving southward and westward.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-585 (1905 words)

	Lingua Franca - 19/02/2005: Indian English
		English has special regional status in India, and is an important unifying linguistic medium between the Indo-European north and the Dravidian south.
		By the way, don't confuse Indian English with what is sometimes called 'Hinglish', a vague phrase which can refer to a use of English containing occasional Hindi words or to a much more fundamental code-mixing of the two languages, unintelligible to a monolingual English speaker, and heard daily on FM radio.
		Indian English is a much broader notion than Hinglish, applicable to the whole of India, including those regions where other languages are used.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/ling/stories/s1298284.htm (1961 words)

	English in India
		It is also usual among Indians to abruptly move to speak fluent English in the middle of their conversations.
		The reason Indians give such importance to English is related to the fact that India was a British colony (see Europeans in India).
		For most of these students, English is their first language and it is easier for them to communicate, read and write in English than in Indian languages, including their mother tongues.
	adaniel.tripod.com /Languages3.htm (645 words)

	Indian English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indian English is a catch-all phrase for the dialects or varieties of English spoken widely in India (by about 11% of the population, according to the 1991 census) and the Indian subcontinent in general.
		American English, due to the burgeoning influence of American pop culture on the rest of the world, has begun challenging traditional British English as the premier brand of English spoken in the Indian subcontinent, though this is largely limited to the youth in the last decade or two.
		Indian English writers and English writers of Indian origin – notably Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie and Arundhati Roy – have in addition made creative use of more stereotypical Indian English through the mouths of characters in their works.
	indian-english.kiwiki.homeip.net (2468 words)

	Culturopedia.com - Literature of India~Indian Writing in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Though foreign in its origin, English has been adopted in India as a language of education and literary expression besides being an important medium of communication amongst the people of various regions.
		The beginning of Indian literature in English is traced to the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, by which time English education was more or less firmly established in the three major centers of British power in India - Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
		It may be mentioned that most Indian writers in English from the early period hailed from Calcutta, the first stronghold of the British, than other places in the country.
	www.culturopedia.com /Literature/english_literature.html (941 words)

	Indian English Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indeed, according to the words of an Indian critic Iyengar three decades ago, quoted by Kachru, there seems to be an acceptance of Indian English literature as "one of the voices in which India speaks...it is a new voice, no doubt, but it is as much Indian as the others" (Kachru 1994:528-529).
		The integrity of the writers writing in English is often suspect in their own country, and in other English-speaking countries they are treated as marginal to the mainstream of English literature (Kachru 1986b:19).
		Indian English writers are sometimes accused of abandoning the national or regional language and writing in a western, "foreign", language; their commitment to the nation is considered suspect.
	www.postcolonialweb.org /india/hohenthal/5.4.html (536 words)

	Indian English Writers * WELCOME * (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indian writing in English represents the voluminous body of Indian creative writing in English.
		Indian Writing in English is an absolutely independent and autonomous literature, which has registered a steady and encouraging growth in its short, but chequered history.
		Today, Indian writing in English, luxuriantly branched out in the genres of prose, fiction, drama, short story and poetry, has come of age "as a significant part of world literature in English".
	www.indianenglishwriters.com /Index.htm (71 words)

	Wikinfo \| Indian English
		Indian English is a catch-all phrase for dialects or varieties of English spoken widely in India.
		The language Indians are taught in schools is essentially British English and in particular spellings follow British conventions.
		In addition, Indian English mixes in various words from Indian languages: "bandh" or "hartal" for strikes, "challan" for a monetary receipt or a traffic ticket, and so on.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Indian_English (344 words)

	Is it Indian English or English in India?
		Indian English may be influenced by the British, but all the proponents of Indian English together cannot defend some grammatical errors typical to some Indian English.
		But this so-called “Indian English” is not considered correct by Indian government institutions, such as schools or courts, by eminent writers or by educated Indians who prize grammatically correct English.
		English in India may have a British hangover but by no means is it vastly different from American English or any other correct English for that matter.
	www.chillibreeze.com /articles/IsitIndianEnglishorEnglishinIndia.asp (907 words)

	Language in India
		The English which is spoken in India is different from that spoken in other regions of the world, and it is regarded as the unique variety which is called Indian English.
		Indians use kolna and bandh karna when asking someone to turn a light on or off; the literal translation is retained, so some Indian English speakers say "open the light" and "close the light." The same is true of giving a test (from the Hindi verb dena) rather than taking a test.
		Indians are also acutely aware of the vast differences in accents in spoken Indian English which are caused by India's different linguistic regions.
	www.languageinindia.com /junjul2002/baldridgeindianenglish.html (7119 words)

	India Book Publishing: Hot on English
		If you have either majored in English Literature in the last few years in India, or have been an avid reader of all sorts of literature, you would have noticed the growing number of Indian authors who are writing in English and having their books published.
		Indian English literature was now being treated as an independent entity to be studied and critiqued and admired.
		Indian writing in English, in its earlier stages, was influenced by the Western art form of the novel.
	www.chillibreeze.com /articles/EnglishLitIndia.asp (2032 words)

	Indian English Literature, Indian Literature in English, Indian Writing in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indian English literature is an endeavour of showcasing the rare gems of Indian writing in English.
		While Indian authors - poets, novelists, essayists, dramatists - have been making significant contributions to world literature since the pre-Independence era, the past few years have seen a massive flourishing of Indian English writing in the international market.
		From its inception to the present glory of Indian English - all the socio-political, economic, cultural and literary events are noted in detail.
	www.indianenglishliterature.com (438 words)

	Indian English
		Indians generally lack the "foreign" accent that >others have.
		I have met Indians that speak >with a strong accent and I have a friend from China who speaks English >incredibly well with little accent.
		In fact, Indian English is a recognized dialect of English, just like British Received Pronunciation (RP, or BBC English) or Australian English, or Standard American.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jlawler/aue/indian.html (869 words)

	Indian chiefs make English pilgrimage - Metropolitan - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Virginia Indian princess Pocahontas is buried in that region, too.
		Edinburth House, an English firm that restores historic sites, is providing most of the $175,000 for the trip, with private funds rounding out the costs, he says.
		Indian leaders will visit Parliament and spend two days lecturing on tribal history to students in 16 grade schools and at the University of Kent, Mr.
	www.washtimes.com /metro/20060709-122649-1755r.htm (406 words)

	[No title]
		Indian English is the general term used for English spoken in the Indian sub-continent.
		The pronuciation of Indian English is Greatly influenced by sounds of local languages.
		Various words of Indian origin are used, and some local "inventions" are also to be found.
	web.tiscali.it /njross/indian.htm (200 words)

	Indian English literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian English Literature (IEL) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India.
		Rabindranath Tagore wrote in Bengali and English and was responsible for the translations of his own work into English.
		The renowned writer V.S. Naipaul, a third generation Indian from Trinidad and Tobago and a Nobel prize laureate, is a person who belongs to the world and usually not classified under IWE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_writing_in_English (1540 words)

	ICT [2005/12/07] Native students' English skills still trail peers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While students are no longer punished for speaking their Native tongues, English in Indian country remains a sensitive topic because American Indian students continue to trail white peers in language skills, records from several states show.
		According to a 2005 Mississippi State University report, rural American Indian and Alaska Native children were the least likely of major ethnic sub-groups in rural America to be proficient at letter recognition upon kindergarten entry.
		Across the state, American Indians from 17 different language backgrounds account for 11 percent of the public school population - and 90 percent of its 6,952 LEP students.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096412031 (890 words)

	American Indian English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term American Indian English refers to a number of varieties of English that are spoken by indigenous communities throughout North America.
		As Leap (1982) states, "there are many Indian English-es." Each one is unique in its phonology, syntax and semantic properties.
		In other cases, it has been argued that features of American Indian English are the result of influence from the native language.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~lsp/IndianEnglish.html (207 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indian English, or rather, the forms of English used in India, have long been a topic of interest for laymen and scholars.
		For generations, the 'exotic' nature of the transplanted language was commented on and often ridiculed as a matter of unintentional humor.
		Only since the 1960's have the local forms of English been recognized for what they are -adaptations of the world language to local needs.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=549 (165 words)

	Amazon.com: English August: Indian Story: Books: Upamanyu Chatterjee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A host of Indian authors like Rushdie and Naipaul write books for the westen audience, but this one is written for the Indian one - in a satirical style, totally against the current trend of Indian authors who write in a moving, spiritual and philosophical way.
		"English, August" is the story of Agastya Sen, a young civil servant who is posted to Madna, a small town in rural Deccan.
		At times, "English, August" is a very funny book, as Agastya meets the locals and becomes acquainted with their habits and peculiarities.
	www.amazon.com /English-August-Indian-Upamanyu-Chatterjee/dp/0571151019 (1059 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Languages: Natural: Indo-European: Germanic: English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		English Contrasted - Native and non-native English-language accents are demonstrated from around the world, through the use of downloadable sound files.
		Infernal English: Usage Experts Change Their Minds Too - Anne H. Soukhanov, lexicographer, shows that grammatical rules are not necessarily set in concrete.
		A Study of the Formants of the Pure Vowels of British English - MA Thesis (1960) of Prof.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Indo-European/Germanic/English (793 words)

	Indian English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indian English is a catch-all phrase for the dialects or varieties of English spoken widely in India (by about 11% of the population, according to the 1991 census) and the Indian subcontinent in general, but also by Desis.
		It will be found that excellent English bearing fewer regional grammatical peculiarities is spoken in upper-class families (commonly referred to, in India, as Westernised), though even among them hints of a uniquely Indian flavor (particularly in a so-called Indianised British accent) are typically retained.
		However, in spite of the great stress on good English in higher circles, the layman's spoken variety, Indian English, is widespread and well-known for its many eccentricities.
	indian-english.iqnaut.net (2564 words)

	English, the Indian Way - Worldpress.org
		With English the commonly spoken language in India, Indians are contributing their bit at enrichment.
		The effect of Indian English, more commonly known as Hinglish as well as Indian words or Indianisms is being felt.
		There are reports that Indian call centers are advising their customer care executives to speak the native way rather than accented English to appeal to Western clients.
	www.worldpress.org /Asia/2143.cfm (1159 words)

	Dictionary Of Indian English™
		Indian English is of course not truly a different language.
		Yet, one often finds that an Oxford or Webster's dictionary is inadequate or incorrect when dealing with certain words or phrases that have changed in the Indian context.
		The Dictionary of Indian English (DIE) hopes to provide a ready reference for such words and phrases.
	www.vsubhash.com /desienglish.asp (337 words)

	Indian DVDs, Indian Films, Hindi Movies with English subtitles, Indian Movies with English audio, Films, Gujarati, ...
		A culture clash comedy/drama that's as spicy as the Indian dish it's named for, director Mira Nair's film stars Denzel Washington as a fl American businessman in the South who falls in love with East Indian immigrant Sarita Choudhury.
		A story set in the modern upper-middle class of India, where telecommunications and a western lifestyle mix with old traditions, like the arranged wedding young Aditi accepts when she ends the affair with a married TV producer.
		The groom is an Indian living in Texas, and all relatives from both families, some from distant places like Australia, come to New Delhi during the monsoon season to attend the wedding.
	www.intelindia.com /videostore/english_audio.htm (3034 words)

	Kavitayan I Anthology of Indian Poetry in English Translation
		The poets who have made significant contributions to Indian poetry have been anthologized in two volumes; the poets comparatively younger in age are
		Although the focus of this site is on Indian poetry in English translation, works of Indian-English poetry have also been included, so that Indian poetic creativity may be savoured in totality.
		We need translations of poems by noted Indian poets writing in various Indian languages — especially those born after the year 1951.
	www.geocities.com /kavitayan/portal.html (167 words)

	Indian English
		For many Indians, book-reading is very much valued and I think this is wonderful.
		As an American reader, I noticed that the English literature in Indian bookstores is heavily weighted toward Britain.
		British colonization put forth the paradigm that British literature was considered the epitome of good writing in English.
	indianenglish.blogspot.com (608 words)

	Indian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In RP, word-initial and syllable initial p, t and k are slightly aspirated, but in native Indian languages (except Tamil), the distinction between aspirated and unaspirated plosives is very stark and phonemic.
		However, languages such as Tamil have true retroflex plosives, wherein the articulation is done with the tongue curved upwards and backwards at the roof of the mouth.
		General Indian English has long monophthongs /eː/ and /oː/ instead of R.P. glided diphthongs /ei/ and /ou/ (or /əu/); this variation is quite valid in General American English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_English (6251 words)

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