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Topic: Indian Kashmir barrier

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	Kashmir
		Kashmir (Hindi: à¤•à¤¶à¥à¤®à¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú©Ø´ÙÛØ±, Kashmiri: Ú©Ù”Ø´ÙÛØ± à¤•à¥à¤¶à¥à¤°) is the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent.
		Pakistan views the entire Kashmir region as a disputed territory while India refuses to accept Kashmir as a disputed territory and claims Kashmir is an integral part of India according to the Indian constitution.
		Kashmir passed from the control of the Durrani Empire (see Ahmad Shah Durrani) of Afghanistan and centuries of Muslim rule under the Mughals, Persians and Afghans to the conquering Sikh armies by the mid-19th century.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FKashmir (2870 words)

	Kashmir
		Kashmir passed from the control of the Durrani Empire (see Ahmad Shah Durrani) of Afghanistan and centuries of Muslim rule under the Mughals, Persians, and Afghans to the conquering Sikh armies by the mid-19th century.
		Kashmir is a valley whose beauty has been proclaimed by many and stretches out at about 7,200 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) at an elevation of 1,675 meters (5,500 feet).
		Kashmir tourism received a boost when the world's highest and longest operating gondola lift was opened for the public in the Gulmarg region, thereby providing easier access to skiing as well as mountaineering.
	www.thecomdaily.com /Ji---Ka/Kashmir.php (2254 words)

	Indian History & Heritage, History of India, Indian Civilization
		It extends for nearly 3000 kilometers from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south and for the same distance from its western-most parts to its eastern-most parts.
		The culture that began to emerge during this phase was the result of the intermixing of the Indo-Aryans with the pre-existing inhabitants of India.
		The next phase in ancient Indian history covers the period form about 200 B.C. to about A.D. This phase is extremely important for the changes that took place in economic and political life, and significant developments in various aspects of culture, including religion, art and science and technology.
	www.indovacations.net /english/Indiahistory.htm (2795 words)

	Kashmir - Information at Halfvalue.com
		Kashmir was originally and still is one of the most important centres of Hinduism and later also became an important centre of Buddhism.
		Kashmir is considered one of the world's most dangerous territorial disputes due to the nuclear capabilities of India and Pakistan.
		Historically, Kashmir came into the economic limelight when the world famous Cashmere wool was exported to other regions and nations (exports have ceased due to decreased abundance of the cashmere goat and increased competition from China).
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Kashmir (4141 words)

	India's Border Fence Extended to Kashmir
		But Indian officials claim they have a sovereign right to build inside Indian territory and accuse Pakistan of intensifying shooting and shelling where work is underway.
		Indian officials claim that Pakistan is firing at the earth-scooping machines and that four drivers have died and 17 others have been injured since work began two years ago.
		The Indian army has yet to clear the thousands of mines it laid along the border last year during the massive troop buildup that brought India and Pakistan to the brink of war.
	www.genocidewatch.org /IndiaJuly30BorderFence.htm (1008 words)

	Asia Society: Speeches
		Our fears of Indian hegemony were, similarly, reinforced soon after independence by Indian self-proclaimed role as the dominant power in the region and the successive Indian military action to absorb the state of Hyderabad and Junagadh and later Goa in addition to Kashmir.
		The Kashmir problem and the consequent active confrontation with India shaped Pakistan's thinking and policies which developed a regional orientation and were predicated on preserving a strategic balance with India.
		Indian nuclear test in May did not come as a surprise to us as the BJP had publicly announced its intention to go nuclear before its election victory early this year.
	www.asiasociety.org /speeches/aziz.html (3101 words)

	CONVERTED KASHMIR: Memorial of Mistakes
		The citizens of Jammu and Kashmir are citizens of India but the citizens of the rest of India cannot be citizens of Jammu and Kashmir.
		If a girl belonging to Jammu and Kashmir marries a boy from outside the state, who is not a state subject, she loses all her rights in the state.
		Burning of the national flag is not a cognizable offence in Kashmir because there cannot be proper arrangement for the basic duties enshrined in the Constitution under which the tricolour, the national anthem and the national symbol have to be shown due respect.
	www.kashmir-information.com /ConvertedKashmir/Chapter26.html (2668 words)

	Indian Kashmir barrier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The small stretch of land between the rows of fencing is mined.
		The construction of the barrier was begun in the 1990s, but slowed in the early 2000s as hostilities between India and Pakistan increased.
		In Pakistan's view the border between Jammu and Kashmir is undemarcated, and border fencing is not allowed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Kashmir_barrier (336 words)

	KASHMIR: Past and Present
		As doomsmen of Kashmir, the N.C. Ieaders presented a dubious stand-point of involving the sectarian and terrorist-infested administration of Kashmir in meeting and fighting the formidable challenges posed by Muslim terrorism.
		But what has dismayed the Indian public is that the deliberations of the NIC have never been congnised by the men in corridors of power while shaping policy frames and iniliatives to meet the formidable challenges.
		As per the pre-drawn agenda of the NIC meeting, the Kashmir imbroglio failed to attract an exclusive attention of the political big-wigs and business tycoons as it was clubbed with the Punjab insurgency, thus diluting the prime importance of Kashmir insurgency replete with wide ranging ramifications for the country at large.
	www.kashmir-information.com /PastPresent/chapter21.html (3043 words)

	The New Yorker : fact : content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Kashmir became the northern limit of their Indian empire as well as their pleasure ground, a place to wait out the summer heat of the plains.
		Kashmir's violence was to occur later, as the two new states of India and Pakistan became the latest of Kashmir's neighbors to fight over it.
		For the Indian security forces, such operations are a necessary part of a war against an unseen enemy—one who might be disguised as a market trader or as a schoolboy or even, as in the case of Ahmed and Khalid, as a pair of out-of- season travellers.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/?020311fa_FACT1 (8077 words)

	Kashmir information - Search.com
		Kashmir is the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent.
		On 8 October 2005, Kashmir was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude between 7.6 and 7.8 on the Moment magnitude scale.
		The economy was badly damaged by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake which as of October 17, 2005 resulted in over seventy thousand deaths in the Pakistan controlled part of Kashmir and around 1500 deaths in the Indian Kashmir.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Kashmir (3114 words)

	Jammu and Kashmir CLimate,Information on Jammu Climate,Jammu Climate Information
		At an altitude of over 1,000 metres the Kashmir Valley is much cooler than Jammu and it is at its best in the months of May-June for visiting to get a respite from the hot, airless plains.
		At this time the daily temperatures are around 200 C, a delightfully cool contrast to the 400 C temperatures common on the plains to the south.
		The Kashmir tourist season ends in October as minimum temperatures drop down below 100 C and from November to February night time temperatures often fall below freezing in Srinagar, snow falls and during cold years Dal Lake can actually freeze over.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /jammu-kashmir/climate/climate.html (714 words)

	Kashmir Hostory - pahalgam.com
		Tradition has it that Kashmir was originally a lake that was drained by Kashyap and then inhabited by the Brahmins.
		Indian troops in Kashmir fight their first war against Pakistan.
		1984 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is gunned down by her own bodyguards in a revenge attack for her repressive policies in Punjab.
	www.pahalgam.com /kashmirhistory.html (809 words)

	India and Pakistan - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum
		Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will reduce the 500,000 troops currently in Kashmir in a move that could ease tensions between India and Pakistan.
		On September 24, 2004, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf announced proposed efforts for a "peaceful" and "negotiated" settlement on the Kashmir issue.
		Kashmir in the United Nations - all UN and Security Council resolutions on Kashmir.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/indindx.htm (1689 words)

	Good Fences Make Good Neighbors - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum
		The fence is similar to the barrier being built by the Israelis to control the infiltration of militant Palestinians.
		Indian officials agree with that assertion, saying that despite a major decline in infiltrations by insurgents compared with last year, there has not been a corresponding drop in violence.
		With the fence, he said, the Indians are "trying to sort of legitimize their claim day by day" to Kashmir.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/ind-pak/2004/0704goodfences.htm (1465 words)

	Kashmir
		Pakistan views the entire Kashmir region as disputed territory, and does not consider India's claim to it to be valid.
		Kashmir is probably the world's most well-known territorial dispute, and most Western made maps use a dotted-line to indicate the territory's uncertain boundaries.
		The UN imposed a cease-fire, and mandated a plebiscite among the entire Kashmiri population, subject to the withdrawal of all Pakistani forces, regular and irregular, and the plebiscite to be held under Indian auspices.
	www.mcfly.org /en/Kashmir (3305 words)

	Kashmir Timeline
		This is a timeline of events in Kashmir from 1925 to the present.
		If there are relevant events that are missing from the timeline, or events you think should be treated differently, I would like to hear about it at justin.podur@utoronto.ca I have tried to stay away from domestic events in India and Pakistan, and so have neglected much that is, of course, highly relevant.
		This is a summary of politics in Kashmir and the policies of India and Pakistan as they pertain specifically to Kashmir.
	www.zmag.org /southasia/kashtime.htm (1678 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The animals were until recently able to roam through forests in the divided Himalayan region of Kashmir.
		But they are unable to penetrate a heavily defended barrier built by India from 2003 to stem guerrilla activity linked to a separatist revolt.
		Indian and Pakistani troops halted shelling across the frontier three years ago as part of peace moves.
	today.reuters.com /news/articlenews.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyid=2006-11-23T183342Z_01_DEL171971_RTRUKOC_0_US-ENVIRONMENT-KASHMIR.xml&src=rss (360 words)

	Indian Kashmir barrier Information
		The Indian Kashmir barrier is a 550 km (330 mile) separation barrier along the 740 km disputed 1972 Line of Control (or ceasefire line) between Indian and Pakistani controlled Kashmir: Jammu and Kashmir, India and Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
		The barrier itself consists of double-row of fencing and concertina wire eight to twelve feet in height, and is electrified and connected to a network of motion sensors, thermal imaging devices and alarms in stretches where power supply is available.
		According to Indian military sources, the fence has reduced by 80% the numbers of militants who routinely sneak into the Indian side of the disputed state to attack soldiers and civilians.
	www.bookrags.com /Indian_Kashmir_barrier (262 words)

	Kashmir conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jammu and Kashmir, which had a predominantly Muslim population and a Hindu ruler, was the largest of these autonomous states and bordered both modern countries.
		The Indian claim centers on the agreement between the Dogra Maharaja Hari Singh, Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru and Lord Mountbatten according to which the erstwhile Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir became an integral part of the Union of India through the Instrument of Accession.
		Kashmir is the origin point for many rivers and tributaries of the Indus River basin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kashmir_conflict (4947 words)

	The Himalayas - Indian Himalayas
		The Indian Himalayas cover a vast area along the northern frontiers of the country and span five Indian States -- Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh -- from west to east.
		Kashmir -- formerly a paradise on earth -- is largely influenced by Islam.
		However, those parts that are accessible offer some spectacular terrain: high mountain ranges; deep valleys; a fantastic variety of vegetation ranging from dense tropical forests of the lower foothills to alpine and sub-alpine vegetation in the higher reaches and from the rain forests of the east to the desert vegetation in the barren Trans Himalayas.
	library.thinkquest.org /10131/india.shtml (509 words)

	Indian Kashmir barrier - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Indian Kashmir barrier is a 550 km (330 mile) separation barrier along the 740 km disputed 1972 Line of Control (or ceasefire line) between Indian and Pakistani controlled Kashmir; the rest of the Line of Control is too inaccessible for construction of a barrier.
		The barrier itself consists of double-row of fencing and barbed wire eight to twelve feet in height, and is electrified in stretches where power supply is available.
		The construction of the barrier was begun in the 1990s, but slowed in the early 2000s as hostilities between India and Pakistan increased.
	www.music.us /education/I/Indian-Kashmir-barrier.htm (422 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Kashmir earthquake (also known as the South Asian earthquake or the Great Pakistan earthquake) of 2005, was a major earthquake, of which the epicentre was the Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
		Kashmir lies in the area of collision of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates.
		Kashmir Relief and Development Foundation (KRDF), a UK based charity setup relief camps in all the major cities of Azad Jammu Kashmir and KRDF volunteers worked around the clock to help the earthquake victims.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=2005_Kashmir_earthquake (2993 words)

	Pakistan's Contempt for Accords
		As a wounded, not vanquished, state Pakistan is already seeking to tear apart its July 4 accord with Clinton which mandates that the Line of Control in Kashmir be respected by both sides.
		This is evident from not only the qualitative escalation brought about by the raids on Army, paramilitary and intelligence centers in J&K by Pakistan-sponsored elements, but from the Pakistan Army's new intrusions and assaults across the LoC in which a number of Indian soldiers have died, two were captured and four are missing.
		India has to come out of its defensive mode on Kashmir and demand, as a prerequisite determined by the UN, the vacation of all occupied J&K territories by Pakistan and China, which together hold 55 per cent of the original state.
	www.jammu-kashmir.com /archives/archives1999/99september08.html (1245 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Frontpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Arguing against the use of jehadis for encouraging militancy in Jammu and Kashmir, Bhandara says, “I can assure you that a lot of people here are saying that if the mujahideen were ever to come to power in Kashmir, it would be like another Afghanistan.
		Kashmir then will be a cockpit of uncertainty for a hundred years.
		He says that the strategy of infiltrating irregulars into Kashmir had failed — in 1947, in Operation Gibraltar in 1965 and again in the 1990s — and it was pointless to continue with it.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1030304/asp/frontpage/story_1733100.asp (696 words)

	Memorandum
		To be sovereign in a meaningful sense, Kashmir would need to have the ability to act independently in undertaking a wide range of internal governmental functions, including basic legislative, executive, and (probably) judicial activities.
		Kashmiri citizens might be given the option of choosing either Indian or Pakistani citizenship (or both), as is the case for persons born in Northern Ireland, for example, who have the right to both British and Irish nationality.
		Given the geostrategic importance of Kashmir, as well as the long-standing UN interest in the situation, consideration should be given to calling on the UN Security Council to play a role in overseeing any agreement reached between India and Pakistan.
	www.kashmirstudygroup.net /awayforward/memorandum.html (6917 words)

	Not Even the Earthquake Has Shaken Loose Old Prejudices in Kashmir
		As the bitter Himalayan winter settles on Kashmir, hundreds of thousands of survivors of the 8 October earthquake huddle in temporary shelters.
		Indian personnel and resources could not be deployed to rescue trapped survivors and provide succor to stricken communities in villages and towns just across the LOC.
		The anguished people of Indian-controlled Kashmir were unable to go to the aid of their stricken compatriots across the frontier.
	www.hnn.us /articles/18591.html (828 words)

	Indian troops rush Kashmir fence repairs - 11 Apr 2005 - NZ Herald: World / International News
		Indian troops are rushing to repair a border fence in Kashmir, badly damaged by the heaviest snowfall in decades, to prevent incursions by separatist guerrillas.
		Last year, Indian Army engineers fenced off most of the so-called Line of Control, a 742km military line that divides Indian and Pakistani Kashmir, in an attempt to curb an influx of anti-Indian militants.
		But the concertina wire barrier was damaged in several places after the heaviest snowfall in four decades in February, an Indian Army brigadier said.
	www.nzherald.co.nz /index.cfm?c_id=2&ObjectID=10119758 (243 words)

	Talks on Kashmir— Not a Half Deal
		This ought to be a point of concern for the US and the west, who are keen to achieve a solution on the Kashmir dispute, politically, and not a military one.
		And the thesis of a half deal, or talks within the context of the Indian constitution, are not going to bring results.
		As it reflects on Kashmir an area which draws their attention, as they want talks to settle the dispute.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/nov/kashmir.htm (1630 words)

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