Indian National Satellite System

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	Indian space program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a series of multipurpose Geo-Stationary satellites launched to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, search and rescue needs of India.
		Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)is an expendable launch system developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially viable only through India's Cold War ally, Russia.
		Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites providing remote sensing services, mainly for use in natural resource management and economic planning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_space_program (652 words)

	India's premier space agency to build a slew of satellites
		Indian Space Research Organisation chairman Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan said the agency was experimenting with satellite navigation systems modelled on those used in Europe and the United States.
		India is developing a slew of satellites for uses ranging from navigation to tele-medicine, the chief of the national space agency said.
		The first operational Indian remote sensing satellite was launched in 1988 while the communications satellite INSAT took off in 1982, the first of six such satellites sent into orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/030501012857.z6wmtzgb.html (462 words)

	Insat
		GSat 1 was an Indian, 1500 kg scaled-dow) test model of a future geosynchronous communications spacecraft with a 440 N ISRO liquid apogee motor, and S-band and C-band ommunications transponders, similar to the Insat-2 satellites.
		In geostationary orbit the satellite was to be co-located with Kalpana-1 and Insat-3C satellites at 74 deg East longitude.
		Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception.
	www.astronautix.com /project/insat.htm (1486 words)

	Introduction
		The Indian SBAS system is expected to bridge the gap between the European EGNOS (European Geo-stationary Navigation Overlay System) and the Japanese MSAS (MTSAT Space Augmentation System) to provide seamless navigation of aircraft from west to east and vice versa.
		To partly augment the capacity of the INSAT system consequent to the loss of INSAT-2D (in October, 1997), an in-orbit satellite, ARABSAT-1C was procured from ARABSAT Organisation, a regional inter-governmental satellite consortium of Arab States.
		A minor shortfall of 0.6 percent in the velocity of injection of the satellite resulted in a reduction of orbital apogee of the satellite while the perigee and inclination were close to targeted values.
	indiaconsulate.org.br /comercial/p_nao_residentes/SatelliteProgram.htm (4291 words)

	Coverage and Orbits
		Since polar orbiting satellites are naturally of particular importance in polar regions (due to a combination of poor coverage by geostationary satellites and the frequent overflights of the satellites) it is useful to look at the orbits in a polar stereographic point of view.
		The furthest poleward excursion of the satellite is at 81 degrees latitude.
		For a more realistic view of the satellite orbit in the polar regions, it is better to use a differend map projection, such as the polar stereographic (see examples, 73 k).
	www.rap.ucar.edu /~djohnson/satellite/coverage.html (2095 words)

	India Space - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		The first Indian experimental satellite was launched in 1975, followed by four others; operational communications and remote sensing satellites have been launched as part of the Indian National Satellite System (Insat).
		Three satellites operated by Insat were in use in the mid-1990s in cooperation with the International Telecommunication Union's International Telecommunications Satellite (Intelsat) system.
		The three satellites (the first-generation Insat-1D in June 1990, the second-generation Insat-2A in July 1992, and Insat-2B in July 1993) were indigenously built under the direction of the ISRO and put into geostationary orbit over the Indian Ocean using French rockets launched in French Guiana.
	www.photius.com /countries/india/economy/india_economy_space.html (1092 words)

	India News Online
		ISRO Inertial Systems Unit, Thiruvananthapuram, was responsible for the design and development of the gyros, momentum/reaction wheels and the solar array drive and power transfer mechanisms.
		The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre of ISRO developed the Liquid Apogee Motor and reaction control systems.
		ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, as the lead centre for INSAT -2 project, was responsible for the design, development and integration and testing of INSAT -2E.
	www.indianembassy.org /inews/May_1999/ISRO.html (1256 words)

	PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU
		Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) besides revolutionising the telecommunication and TV broadcast scenario in our country, has improved the weather forecasting and is providing advance warning on disasters.
		The launch of the first operational Indian Remote Sensing satellite, IRS-1A on March 17, 1988, on board a Soviet 'Vostok' rocket, ushered in a new era in the country's resources survey and management system.
		Satellite images have been used to study the earthquake in Maharashtra during September 1993, Satellite data shows three major lineaments intersecting just south of the Latur-Killari village and this trijunction of lineaments appear to coincide with the epicentre of the earthquake.
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/india/bspace.htm (2369 words)

	Space Programme
		Space science research under the Indian space programme is conducted in the areas of astronomy astrophysics, planetary atmosphere and economy, earth sciences and solar system studies and theoretical physics.
		Satellite based local specific disaster warning systems, with over a hundred disaster warning receivers installed in the cyclone-prone eastern coast, has facilitated major saving of human lives and livestock during floods and cyclones.
		The second operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-1B, was launched on 29 August 1991.
	www.hcidhaka.org /indinfo/space.html (1279 words)

	The University of Reading - Infrared Multilayer Laboratory - Projects
		The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a series of geostationary satellites for Meteorological Earth Observation planned as a focus of India ’s satellite program for the next 10 years.
		The satellites are used for long distance telecommunication, radio and TV program distribution, meteorological earth observation and data relay.
		School of Systems Engineering - Department of Cybernetics - I S P
	www.irfilters.reading.ac.uk /projects.htm?viewproject&ID=00221 (166 words)

	Satellite Global Disaster Alert System Planned
		Using data from the Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon satellites, NOAA and French Space Agency scientists were able to measure the crests and troughs of the December 26 tsunami as it moved through the Indian Ocean.
		While there was no tsunami alert system in place in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii detected the earthquake that triggered the deadly waves.
		The systems are currently used to estimate crop yields, detect earthquakes, forecast droughts, predict floods, and monitor air and water quality.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/01/0124_050124_geoss.html (550 words)

	National Business Review (NBR) - Business, News, Arts, Media, Share Market & More
		Only about one person in 100 has telephone access in rural India -- but the country has one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with five satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT).
		It is also within the footprint of the newly launched IPStar system, a satellite that could provide direct broadband access to millions of rural terminals.
		Additional satellite coverage includes 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region) satellites, served by nine gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam.
	www.nbr.co.nz /home/column_article.asp?id=12739&cid=3&cname=Technology (483 words)

	AMS Glossary
		In New England, at least one killing frost and preferably a substantial period of normally cool weather must precede this warm spell in order for it to be considered a true “Indian summer.” It does not occur every year, and in some years there may be two or three Indian summers.
		It dates back at least to 1778, but its origin is not certain; the most probable suggestions relate it to the way that the American Indians availed themselves of this extra opportunity to increase their winter stores.
		—Occupies the depth range between 1500 and 3800 m in the Indian Ocean.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/browse?s=i&p=16 (668 words)

	:: Bharat-Rakshak.com - The Consortium of Indian Military Websites ::
		Barak SAM: Meet the Indian Navy's latest surface to air missile, which is fast becoming the standard variant aboard all Indian Navy surface combatants.
		Indian Navy launches its third largest landing sh...
		Indian defence forces all set to face challenges:...
	www.bharat-rakshak.com (259 words)

	Aerospace orgn.- India
		Two main national space systems that have been established, namely, The Indian National Satellite(INSAT) system and National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS) are coordinated and managed by the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC) and the Planning Committee of NNRMS (PC-NNRMS), respectively.
		The overall coordination of the space programme is carried out by programme offices of ISRO Headquarters in different areas like satellite communication, earth observation systems, launch vehicle programme, space science, technology transfer and industry coordination, international cooperation, publications and public relations and, budget and economic analysis.
		In 1962, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was formed by DAE, and in 1969, INCOSPAR was reconstituted under the Indian National Science Academy and a new organisation, Indian Space Research Organisation was formed under DAE.
	www.aeroinfo.org.in /india/orgn.html (338 words)

	Native American Public Telecommunications
		State of Indian Nations Address: Newly elected President of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) Joe Garcia, Governor of Ohkay Owingeh, (Pueblo of San Juan, New Mexico) gave his first State of Indian Nations Address on February 2 at the National Press Club in Washington, DC.
		The address took stock of the state of American Indian and Alaska Native nations in the U.S., relaying to the President, Congress, and the general public a comprehensive, contemporary picture of the challenges and opportunities before today's American Indian and Alaska Native nations.
		Other seminars will be tailored to individual interests and needs, with attendees in smaller groups and tutorials with national production staff, sharing current works in progress for discussion and constructive criticism, etc.
	www.nativetelecom.org (666 words)

	Indian space odyssey speeds national development - SciDev.Net
		Satellites could also be used to assess how sedimentations reduce the storage capacity of reservoirs, affecting power generation.
		Within India, scientists have used the satellite pictures to combat deforestation, monitor desertification, predict crop yields, and even trace the course of an underground river in northwest India that some scientists say could be used to irrigate the Thar desert in Rajasthan.
		Sale of its images worldwide generates US$6 million in revenue to Antrix Corporation, ISRO's commercial arm.
	www.scidev.net /Features/index.cfm?fuseaction=readFeatures&itemid=345&language=1 (1619 words)

	ISRO
		ISRO operates LUT/MCC under international COSPAS/SARSAT Programme for Search and Rescue.
		Indian space programme driven by vision of Dr Vikram Sarabhai considered as the father of Indian Space Programme.
		But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society.
	www.aeroinfo.org.in /india/isro.html (883 words)

	Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to launch satellites for telecom, broadcasting, VSAT and meteorological sectors
		Presently the satellite networks dealing with the communication system are under the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) that is responsible for about 20% of financial transactions in India.
		The chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), G. Madhavan Nair has declared that ISRO plans to launch 10 to 12 satellites into the geo-stationary orbit in next four years.
		It was set up in 1969 and its major achievements include developing satellite launch vehicles such as PSLV and GSLV to place the satellites in the orbits, establishing INSAT for telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological services and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for resources monitoring and management.
	stories.indobase.com /article_109.shtml (445 words)

	SATELLITE COMMUNICATION EARTH STATION FOR ... Raghubir Singh et al.
		It is a captive system, operating in conventional C-band for uplink and extended C-band for downlink, configured to receive signals from both P and P' satellites simultaneously.
		The remarkable development in the satellite communication technology and its applications in the last three decades have beyond doubt established its immense potential for the development of the human society as a whole.
		INSAT satellites are being used for meteorological Earth observation and data relay purposes.
	www.commonwealthknowledge.net /MetCD/Chapter9/C9P04.htm (1761 words)

	Site: India Space Research Organization (ISRO)
		The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a joint venture of the Indian Department of Space (DOS), which is the parent department of ISRO, the Department of Telecommunications (DOT), the India Meteorological Department (IMD), All India Radio (AIR), and Doordarshan (DD).
		The ground systems for the INSAT system are predominantly supplied by Indian industry and in some cases imported from international suppliers.
		The center, which manages the satellite projects and is where ISRO Satellites are assembled and tested, also is located in Bangalore.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/satcom2/f_02.htm (708 words)

	Satellite Systems
		Around 35,000 Indian built 3 to 3.6 metre diameter, earth receive only terminals were in place to supply rural communities with social and educational programs.
		It was not until mid-September that Ford and Indian controllers at Hassan's MCF succeeded in deploying its solar array.
		Half of the 12 C-band transponders and its two S-band transponders were lost when a power system failure knocked out one of the two buses, but the meteorological earth images and its data collection systems were both fully operational.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /SPACE/space-satellite2.html (673 words)

	INSAT 2 - India and Satellite Communication Systems
		The main frame of the satellite which carries the controls, telemetry and tele-command, deployment and power systems is manufactured by the ISRO Satellite Center at Bangalore, which also does the mission planning and analysis and manages the whole project.
		INSAT-2C and INSAT-2D enable Indian television outreach beyond Indian boundaries catering to the population from South East Asia to Middle East.
		The gyro units, reaction wheels and momentum wheels, to keep the satellite stable in orbit, are fabricated at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Thiruvanthapuram, which is also responsible for the antenna reflectors and scanning mechanism for the Very High Resolution Radiometer(VHRR), that forms the main meteorological payload of INSAT.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/world/india/insat2.htm (865 words)

	The Hindu : National : Second ISRO master control facility inaugurated in Bhopal
		MCF-Bhopal, consisting of a satellite control centre, satellite control earth station and a power complex, will augment the MCF-Hassan to meet the operational needs and increase the number of satellites in the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system.
		Addressing the inaugural ceremony, Dr. Nair said that the national facility at Bhopal would serve not just ISRO but the whole country.
		The Hindu : National : Second ISRO master control facility inaugurated in Bhopal
	www.hindu.com /2005/04/12/stories/2005041207761100.htm (216 words)

	India launches its most-advanced telecommunications satellite
		The Indian National Satellite System or Insat is a series of multipurpose geo-stationary satellites developed by ISRO, India's premier space agency, to meet the country's telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search-and-rescue needs.
		'With 12 high-power Ku-band transponders Insat-4A is the first satellite to meet the requirement of DTH television services, apart from carrying 12 C-band transponders to augment the INSAT capacity for communication and TV services,' the ISRO stated.
		The Insat-4A, which is the first satellite in the seven satellite Insat-4 series, is India's heaviest satellite weighing 3,080 kilogrammes.
	science.monstersandcritics.com /news/article_1070784.php/India_launches_its_most-advanced_telecommunications_satellite (433 words)

	Welcome to Indian Space Research Organisation
		Since 1969, when it was set up, ISRO has established space systems like the INSAT for telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for resources monitoring and management.
		ISRO has also developed the satellite launch vehicles PSLV and GSLV to place these satellites in the required orbits.
		The prime objective of ISRO has been to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks.
	www.isro.org (147 words)

	Cabinet nod for new satellite spacecraft - Sify.com
		"This will help telecom and TV operators use the Indian National Satellite System," the official said, adding the project would come up within 18 months from the date of commencement.
		New Delhi: The government on Wednesday approved Rs 123.75 crore for a new spacecraft project, which will help telecom and broadcasting companies to use national satellite system for their operations.
		The cabinet, which met under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, gave its approval for undertaking the new project, GSAT-5/INSAT-4D, at a total cost of Rs 123.75 crore with a foreign exchange component of Rs 83.25 crore, an official spokesperson said on Wednesday.
	sify.com /news/fullstory.php?id=13635048 (152 words)

	domain-B : Indian business : News Review : 23 December 2004 : general
		The project aims to improve system reliability, facilitate inter-State power transfers by removing transmission bottlenecks, reduce transmission losses, facilitate efficient utilisation of existing and planned power plants, facilitate the development of a national power trading market, and promote increased private sector participation through open access to the national transmission grid.
		The project will strengthen and expand the capacity of the national transmission grid, comprising 765 KV and 400 KV transmission lines as well as substations operated by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (Power Grid).
		PowerGrid's National Transmission Development Plan entails an investment of about $12.6 billion up to the year 2012.
	www.domain-b.com /news_review/200412dec/20041223newsb.html (756 words)

	AIROS Native Radio Network
		AIROS is an international distributor of Native American programming through the Public Radio Satellite System.
		Newly elected President of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) Joe Garcia, Governor of Ohkay Owingeh, (Pueblo of San Juan, New Mexico) gives his first State of Indian Nations Address.
		The address took stock of the state of American Indian and Alaska Native nations in the U.S., relaying to the President, Congress, and the general public a comprehensive, contemporary picture of the challenges and opportunities before today's American Indian and Alaska Native nations.
	www.airos.org (441 words)

	ScienceDaily: Your source for the latest research news and science breakthroughs -- updated daily
		Three ST5 satellites blast off on a mission for NASA to measure the Earth's magnetic fields.
		Bolstered by recent laboratory findings, researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center are embarking on a National Institutes of Health-funded clinical study to better understand the...
		The Soyuz space capsule at the International Space Station has moved to make room for a new crew's...
	www.sciencedaily.com /# (1546 words)

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In the News (Fri 25 Jul 08)