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Topic: Indian slavery

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	Indian Slavery and Slaves - Handbook of American Indians, 1906
		Among the Eskimo, slavery appears to have been wholly unknown, although in the part of Alaska immediately N. of the Tlingit, where the Eskimo borrowed much of Indian culture and arts, it is possible that it existed in some form, as Bancroft affirms.
		The spread of Indian slavery among the tribes of the central region was due in part to the efforts of the French missionaries to induce their red allies to substitute a mild condition of servitude for their accustomed practice of indiscriminate massacre, torture, and cannibalism (see Dunn, Indiana, 1905).
		He did not often take kindly to Indian life, was quick to seize an opportunity to escape, and was always welcomed back by his friends, whereas in the case of the Indian, adoption severed all former social and tribal ties.
	www.snowwowl.com /swolfAIHslavery.html (2657 words)

	Indian slavery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian slavery was a practice of the Spanish from the earliest days on the Caribbean islands they first settled.
		One of the first localities for intensive use of slaves was the gold mines of Hispaniola.
		Indian slavery was also practiced by the English in the Carolinas who sold Native American captives into slavery on the English plantations in the Caribbean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_slavery (248 words)

	Indian slavery: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Indian slavery was a practice of the Spanish Spanish colonization of the Americas quick summary:
		Slavery can mean one or more related conditions which involve control of a person against his or her will, enforced by violence or other forms of coercion....
		White slavery is a 19th century term for a form of slavery involving the sexual abuse of women held as captives and forced into prostitution....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/indian_slavery.htm (1053 words)

	French slavery
		French slavery totals in the 17th century were lower than they might have been due to incompetence, bankruptcies, and mismanagement and strict royal rules about buying from, or selling to, other empires.
		The British had occupied the colony and re-instated slavery, and by the time they handed it back to France at the Peace of Amiens (1802) the French had gotten over their flirtation with emancipation and were back in the slavery business.
		Slavery finally was abolished in Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Réunion by the government that came to power after the 1848 revolution, spurred by slave uprisings in the colonies.
	etymonline.com /columns/frenchslavery.htm (3125 words)

	Markus Vink \| "The World's Oldest Trade": Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century ...
		The Afrocentric focus of Indian Ocean historiography is a derivative of the Atlantic slave trade in general, and reflects the takeoff of plantation slavery on the Swahili coast and the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the late eighteenth century
		Slavery was a defining component of Dutch colonial settlements throughout the Indian Ocean, grafted on the preexisting open system of slavery in the commercialized, cosmopolitan cities in Southeast Asia and elsewhere in the Indian Ocean.
		On the Indian subcontinent, for instance, the Dutch encountered difficulties with the Mughals and Marathas in the north and the Nayaka rulers in the south opposing the slaving activities of the Europeans.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.2/vink.html (10812 words)

	STAR - Indian 101 -
		That slavery should have existed in the colonies was almost a matter of course, in view of its recognition by the mother country.
		According to this, persons might be be sold into slavery for a crime; might be enslaved as captives in war; and it will be be observed that no limitation is made in reference to color or race.
		In Sandwich, Massachusetts, three Indians were sold in 1678 for having broken into a house and stolen; their being unable to make recompense to the owner, the General Court authorized to sell them.
	www.racismagainstindians.org /Perspectives/Essays/IndianSlaves.htm (1350 words)

	Indian Redress
		Although Indian slavery had largely discontinued in favor of African American slavery by the early nineteenth century, Californian Indians, as late as the mid nineteenth century, were regularly raided by slave-hunters looking for men to work in mines and women to work in brothels, and extermination befell many who resisted.
		Indian land is constitutive of the Indian cultural identity and designative of the boundaries of the Indian cultural universe.
		Indian autonomy and prosperity on the one hand, and U.S. legitimacy and global leadership on the other, are inseverable, with each a necessary condition for the full realization of the other.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/02rights/native14.htm (4361 words)

	Indian Slavery In Contra Costa County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the early days in California they had their kidnapping problems, but they were limited to the question of kidnapping Indians, not for rewards to be paid, as now, for their delivery, but to make slaves of them.
		This is because the Indians in Napa were a more or less timid tribe and not very good at fighting, and hence easy to capture and secondly, once they were taken across Carquinez Straits, there captors were fairly safe from pursuit, as in those days crossing the Straits was quite an undertaking.
		In fact the waters of the Straits constituted a natural barrier between the Indian tribes of Napa County and those who inhabited the territory on this side of the water.
	www.cocohistory.com /bray-38-02-22.html (408 words)

	Lauber, Indian Slavery in Colonial Times. Ch. X
		In Carolina it appears that the Indian slaves were occupied chiefly in hunting and fishing for their masters, whereas the greater part of the harder field work was left to the negroes.
		The Indians were expert hunters, and as the woods abounded in game, such a hunter “was of great service in a plantation, and could furnish a family with more provisions than they could consume”.
		Indian slaves were made a source of income to their owners by hiring them out to work in the same way as negroes and indentured white servants.
	www.dinsdoc.com /lauber-1-10.htm (1984 words)

	80.06.09: Slavery in Connecticut 1640-1848
		Indian slavery waned as the Indian population of Connecticut was decimated in the wars of the late 1600’s.
		Slavery was paternalistic in Connecticut, with slaves treated as irresponsible junior family members on some occasions and nearly as equals on others.
		Slavery was not voluntary it did not involve a contract; and slaves did not receive money, clothes and professional standing at the end of their servitude.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/6/80.06.09.x.html (6477 words)

	[No title]
		"Slavery and Colonial Representations in Indochina from the Second Half of the Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century," in "The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia", pp.
		"The Structure of Slavery in the Sulu Zone in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries," in "The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia", pp.
		Indian Subcontinent Alpers, Edward A. "Flight to Freedom: Escape from Slavery among Bonded Africans in the Indian Ocean World, c.1750—1962," in "The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia", pp.
	www.vcdh.virginia.edu /transform/bib_2003/section10.txt (1963 words)

	Slavery in America
		Other tribes practiced debt slavery or imposed slavery on tribal members who had committed crimes; but this status was only temporary as the enslaved worked off their obligations to the tribal society.
		Indians found that British settlers, especially those in the southern colonies, eagerly purchased or captured Indians to use as forced labor in cultivating tobacco, rice, and indigo.
		Those Indians nearer the European settlements raided tribes farther in the interior in the quest for slaves to be sold, especially to the British.
	www.slaveryinamerica.org /history/hs_es_indians_slavery.htm (4097 words)

	Forgotten Story of Indian Slavery
		Our historical mythology posits that American Indians could not be enslaved in large numbers because they too readily succumbed to disease when exposed to Europeans and they were too wedded to freedom to allow anyone to own them.
		Indian slavery complicates the narrative we have created of a white-fl world, with Indians residing outside on a vaguely defined frontier.
		The image of Pilgrims and Indians sharing a meal is one of the most cogent images we have of American Indians and of the colonization of this continent.
	www.raceandhistory.com /cgi-bin/forum/webbbs_config.pl/noframes/read/1362 (1102 words)

	BUSINESS2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When the masterplan was fully developed, in collusion with the British Raj in India, the financial losses of African slavery would be abandoned and Indian slavery was implemented to recoup the losses of British investors of African Slavery in the Empire.
		Indians were exported from India by the British, French,Dutch, Portuguese in their collusion of European colonial financial interests into a system described by, a British Chief Justice of British Guiana, Joseph Beaumont as a "
		The New Indian Slavery was implemented across the empires of the British, Dutch, French and Portuguese Colonialism, as an extension of the plantation slavery of the British Raj on the Indian subcontinent to maximise their profits on the Indian blood, sweat, tears and misery in.....
	indonet2000.homestead.com /indoslavery.html (1314 words)

	John Spencer Bassett, 1867-1928. Slavery and Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina
		The harsh usage of the Spaniards in the latter region had destroyed the original Indian population, so that the whites were relieved of the ordinary fear of Indian atrocities.
		Slavery had to encounter these in its period of diffusion in all the Southern colonies.
		The danger of Indian attacks was not passed till 1712, when, having defeated and almost exterminated the Tuscaroras, they found themselves no longer in danger from such a source.
	docsouth.unc.edu /nc/bassett96/bassett96.html (16329 words)

	Mode for Caleb: Antislavery scripts: Part II
		Williams argued that Caribbean slavery fueled the Industrial Revolution in the British metropolis, but that after the American Revolution, West Indian slavery's profitability and importance in the Atlantic economy declined.
		That slavery to them was relative not absolute, and depended on latitude and longitude, is proved after 1833 by their attitude to slavery in Cuba, Brazil and the United States.
		This idea that "the commercial part of the nation" viewed slavery from the perspective of Manchester counting-houses rather than from the perspective of London pulpits clearly departed from previous histories that had crowned the abolitionist "saints" with haloes of holiness.
	modeforcaleb.blogspot.com /2005/02/antislavery-scripts-part-ii.html (1512 words)

	Chronology on the History of Slavery 1619 to 1789
		Slavery had existed as a human institution for centuries, but the slaves were usually captives taken in war or members of the lowest class in a society.
		Slavery in other parts of the world had typically involved prisoners of war, and was considered a humane alternative to being put to death.
		The institution of slavery got mentioned several times in the Christian Bible: 'Moreover of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among you, of them shall ye buy, and of their that are with you, which they begat in your land: and they shall be your possession.' (Leviticus, 25, 44-46).
	www.innercity.org /holt/slavechron.html (17488 words)

	ACT of1850
		If any Indian shall commit an unlawful offence against a white person, such person shall not inflict punishment for such offence, but may, without process, take the Indian before a Justice of the Peace, and on conviction, the Indian shall be punished according to the provisions of this Act.
		An Indian convicted of stealing horses, mules, cattle, or any valuable thing, shall be subject to receive any number of lashes not exceeding twenty-five, or shall be subject to a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars, at the discretion of the Court or jury.
		When an Indian is sentenced to be whipped, the Justice may appoint a white man, or an Indian at his discretion, to execute the sentence in his presence, and shall not permit unnecessary cruelty in the execution of the sentence.
	www.indiancanyon.org /ACTof1850.html (789 words)

	Apache Indian
		The ancestors of the Apache Indian are believed by some scholars to have come to North America via the Bering Strait during the Pleistocene Period when a land bridge connected the Asian and North American continents.
		In addition, the Comanche and Ute Indians were beginning to move south and to war with the Apache.
		Indians wronged by one group of "white men" would take vengeance on the next group of "pale faces" that they saw.
	www.inn-california.com /Articles/history/apache.html (1812 words)

	Slavery in St Louis
		There was significant interbreeding between fls, Indians and whites in certain segments of colonial society that were on the fringes of the frontier.
		Harriet C. Frazier, in her book, "Slavery and Crime in Missouri, 1773-1865" (McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC: 2001) states, "No slave had the legal right to refuse her owner sex no matter how advanced her high moral qualities were." This seems to have been the case in colonial Spanish Missouri and in antebellum American Missouri.
		I thought that to leave her in slavery, after she had undergone and suffered so much for me, would be proving recreant to the duty which I owed to her.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/mo/county/stlouis/slavery.htm (8111 words)

	The Ultimate Indian slavery - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Indian slavery was a practice of the Spanish from the earliest days on the Caribbean islands they first settled.
		One of the first localities for intensive use of slaves was the gold mines of Hispaniola.
		Indian slavery was also practiced by the English in the Carolinas who sold Native American captives into slavery on the English plantations in the Caribbean.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Indian_slavery (234 words)

	End of Indian Slavery in San Francisco - 1846
		End of Indian Slavery in San Francisco - 1846
		All Indians must be required to obtain service, and not be permitted to wander about the country in idle and dissolute manner; if found doing so they will be liable to arrest and punishment by labor on the Public Works at the direction of the Magistrate.
		All Officers, civil or military, under my command are required to execute the terms of the order, and take notice of every violation thereof.
	www.sfmuseum.com /hist6/indian.html (144 words)

	BBC - BBC Four Documentaries - Coolies: How Britain Reinvented Slavery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Coolies: How Britain Reinvented Slavery tells the astonishing and controversial story of the systematic recruitment and migration of over a million Indians to all corners of the Empire.
		It is a chapter in colonial history that implicates figures at the very highest level of the British establishment and has defined the demographic shape of the modern world.
		Coolies: How Britain Reinvented Slavery traces family stories through epic voyages across South America, the South Pacific and Africa, as descendants investigate their past and trace the last surviving witnesses.
	www.bbc.co.uk /bbcfour/documentaries/features/coolies.shtml (205 words)

	costanoan ohlone indian canyon index.html Costanoan-Ohlone Indian Canyon Resource, Hollister, CA INDEX
		Natural fibers and materials such as white deerskin for the dresses on the coffee table in front are some of the natural materials used.
		Many, many students and teachers are welcomed to Indian Canyon on a continuing basis going back a decade.
		Klamath Tribal Statement on the Catastrophic Salmon Die-off in the Klamath River due to Bush Operative and Interior Dep't head Gail Norton's decision to divert water to irrigation.
	www.indiancanyon.org (1650 words)

	Robert Castro Awarded Yale Fellowship to Study Slavery of American Indians
		Recently, Robert Castro, assistant professor in Chicana and Chicano studies, was awarded a Post-Doctoral Associate Fellowship from Yale University’s Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance and Abolition.
		“There was consensus that Indians were captured and forcibly held in servitude, and often, their treatment was at the whims of their captors,” said Castro.
		Some believed that Indians and a result, they did not have actionable citizenship rights that the government was obligated to protect.
	campusapps.fullerton.edu /news/2005/castro.html (937 words)

	End of Indian Slavery in San Francisco - 1846
		End of Indian Slavery in San Francisco - 1846
		All Indians must be required to obtain service, and not be permitted to wander about the country in idle and dissolute manner; if found doing so they will be liable to arrest and punishment by labor on the Public Works at the direction of the Magistrate.
		All Officers, civil or military, under my command are required to execute the terms of the order, and take notice of every violation thereof.
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist6/indian.html (144 words)

	Oxford University Press: British West Indian Slavery, 1750-1834: J. R. Ward
		The first account of Caribbean slavery to draw from the plantation records of several different sugar colonies, this book examines the attempts made by British West Indian planters to improve the treatment of their slaves, partly in response to the anti-slavery movement.
		Ward argues that although the measures taken did raise the standard of living and productive efficiency of plantation slaves, "amelioration" contained serious weaknesses that made it ultimately ineffective as a means of defending the institution of slavery.
		Though focused on the British West Indies, the book's main theme--the potential for reform and economic development in slave-based societies--will hold wider significance for a variety of economic and social historians.
	www.us.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/British/~~/c2Y9YWxsJnNzPWF1dGhvci5hc2Mmc2Q9YXNjJnBmPTMyMCZ2aWV3PXVzYSZwcj0xMCZib29rQ292ZXJzPXllcyZjaT0wMTk4MjAxNDQz (328 words)

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