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	TheHistoryNet \| American Indian Wars
		Indian warriors killed hundreds of Virginia colonists during the Powhatan Uprising of 1622.
		More than 330 years ago, a great Indian chieftain known as King Philip led a strong native American confederation in a bloody war to obliterate the New England colonies, nearly succeeding in dramatically altering the course of American history.
		Called a massacre at the time, the December 1866 clash near Fort Phil Kearny was, in fact, a military triumph by the Plains Indians and the Army's greatest blunder in the West until the Battle of the Little Bighorn 10 years later.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/american_indian_wars (670 words)

	Indian massacre of 1622 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian massacre of 1622, depicted as a woodcut by Theodore de Bry
		The Indian massacre of 1622 (also known as the Jamestown massacre) occurred in the Virginia Colony on March 22, 1622.
		In the spring of 1622, after the murder of his adviser, Nemattanew, by an Englishman, Opechancanough launched a campaign of surprise attacks upon at least thirty-one separate British settlements and plantations mostly along the James River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_massacre_of_1622 (1103 words)

	Indian massacre of 1622 Summary
		on Jamestown: Legacy of the Massacre of 1622
		On March 22, 1622, Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in eastern Virginia killed around 347 English colonists, nearly a quarter of the entire English population in Virginia.
		"George Thorpe, Nemattanew, and Powhatan Uprising of 1622." In Virginia Cavalcade 28 (1979): 110-117.
	www.bookrags.com /Indian_massacre_of_1622 (2023 words)

	Pamunkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chief Powhatan’s half brother and successor, Opechancanough, launched attacks in 1622 and 1644 in an effort to expel them from the area.
		The first, known as the Indian Massacre of 1622 destroyed settlements such as Henricus and Wolstenholme Towne and nearly wiped out the colony, although Jamestown itself was spared due to a warning of the impending attack.
		Also, the Pamunkey Indian Museum was built in 1979 to resemble a traditional Native American long house.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pamunkey (1461 words)

	Journal of American Indian Education-Arizona State University
		However, due to a redirection of funds, an Indian massacre in 1622, and the revocation of the Virginia Charter in 1624, the first Indian college ended before it really got started.
		This became the first Indian institution for higher education to be established and directed solely by Indians for Indians as well as other applicants.
		In addition, the Indian Education Act provided for the establishment of an Office of Education within the Bureau of Indian Affairs and for the National Advisory Council on Indian Education.
	jaie.asu.edu /v18/V18S3sur.html (1952 words)

	Lauber, Indian Slavery in Colonial Times. Ch. V
		After the Indian massacre of 1622 in Virginia, there was published in London, in the same year, a tract entitled “The Relation of the Barbarous Massacre in Time of Peace and League, treacherously executed by the native infidels upon the English, the Twenty-second of March, 1622, published by Authority.
		During the war with the Stono Indians in 1680, the captive Indians were brought to Charleston and sold by Governor West to the traders in the colony to be carried to the West Indies as slaves.
		Such of these Indians as were taken in arms were declared by the Massachusetts general court to be in rebellion, and were tried and sentenced, some to be killed, but the most of them to be transported and sold as slaves.
	www.dinsdoc.com /lauber-1-5.htm (9567 words)

	Virtual Jamestown
		The silence of the Indians in the face of daily insults of occupation and verbal abuse the English mistook for subservience.
		By 1622 it was apparent to the Indians that the colonists intended to expand their holdings in Virginia.
		They feigned peaceful relations, let the Indians plant their corn wherever they chose, and then, just before the crop was ready for harvest, they attacked them, killing as many as they could and burning their crops.
	www.virtualjamestown.org /phatmass.html (817 words)

	Henrico Place Name Origins
		His plan was to separate this narrow neck of land from the mainland, but the massacre of 1622 ended his plans.
		After the Indian Massacre of 1622, many colonists were in doubt as to where to settle to avoid further conflict with the Indians.
		A word used by the Indians to denote a plant whose root was edible and served as a nutritional food source.
	www.henricohistory.com /names.html (7365 words)

	Seneca Indian Tribe History
		In 1657 the Seneca, in carrying out the policy of the League to adopt conquered tribes upon submission and the expression of a desire to live under the form of government established by the League, had thus incorporated eleven different tribes into their body politic.
		These bloody and harsh measures were the direct result of the general unrest of the Six Nations and the western tribes, arising from the manner of the recent occupancy of the posts by the British, after the surrender of Canada by the French on Sept. 8, 1760.
		Ohio, ii, 574, 1896) is pertinent: "The Senecas of Sandusky--so-called--owned and occupied 40,000 acres of choice land on the east side of Sandusky river, being mostly in this [Seneca] and partly in Sandusky county.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/seneca/senecahist.htm (2598 words)

	History, Isle of Wight County (Virginia)
		Instead of marching at once bold to meet and drive the Indians from the settlement, or reduce them to subjection by a bloody retaliation, the colonists were huddled together from their eighty plantations into eight.
		In the course of this warfare the Indians were not treated with the same tenderness which they had generally been before the massacre; but their habitations, cleared lands, pleasant sites, when once taken possession of, were generally retained by the victors, and the vanquished forced to take refuge in the woods or marshes.
		After the great massacre, March 22nd, 1622, the colonists did not remain more than nine months from their farms, and on their return took possession of all the open lands of the Indians, and, we can well imagine, went to work with a zest to retrieve their ruined fortunes.
	www.iwchs.com /IWCHistory.html (10958 words)

	Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		So great was the faith of the colonists in the sincere intention of the Indians to keep the peace that they let the red men borrow from them some of the boats which were used going up and down the river to give notice of the plot.
		The Indians lived in small, widely scattered settlements, yet all received notice when to strike and directions as to what places they were to attack.
		At the time of the massacre there were three or four ships in Jame River and one in the York, but there is no evidence that any of the colonists deserted the colony in them.
	www.jamestowne.org /massacre.htm (866 words)

	The Tyme Appointed
		Every Indian village was on or near the water, and could be reached easily by canoe as well as by runners with memorized messages.
		Some English chroniclers believed that the attack of 1622 was a direct response to the killing of Nemattanow, an important werowance, or perhaps a shaman, known to the English as Jack of the Feather.
		Historians generally agree that the murder of Nemattanow was not the cause of the 1622 attack.
	www.colonialwilliamsburg.com /foundation/journal/Autumn05/tyme.cfm (1997 words)

	Indian Wars Time Table
		An Indian confederation led by the Yamasee came close to exterminating white settlement in their region.
		Moved across the Mississippi into "Indian Country," the Sioux under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse resisted waves of settlers and prospectors, to keep their hunting grounds.
		Attacks on Rogue River Valley Indian people were meant to start a war that would employ miners unable to work because of a drought.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1008.html (855 words)

	Brown \| "Our Indian Wars Are Not Over Yet"
		This is similar to the view among American settlers that in savage Indian tribes hostile to civilization, there were some that could be evangelized and Christianized and brought over to the morally right, Godly side.
		The Indian wars were domestic as well, carried out by the U.S. military to protect American settlers against hostile non-U.S. citizens living on American soil.
		As GWOT increasingly appears to be, the Indian wars were a very long conflict, stretching from the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth -- the longest war in American history, starting even before the U.S. existed as a nation.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/item/2006/0103/ca_brow/brown_indian.html (1399 words)

	Lupo Family Page: Genealogy of the Lupo Family
		Individuals who settled in Virginia prior to 1616 and survived the Indian massacre of 1622 were later referred to as "Ancient Planters".
		On March 22, 1622 the unified forces of several Indian tribes, led by Opechancanough, the uncle of Pocahontas, undertook a large scale attack against the colonists in Virginia.
		The massacre of 1622, combined with numerous financial problems, led to the dissolution of the Virginia Company and the transfer of Virginia to royal oversight around 1624.
	www.lupo.org /narrative/lupo_history_2.html (907 words)

	A Brief History of Jamestown, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This act is credited with bringing 8 years of peace with the Indians, a period when the energies of the colonists could be devoted to the growing of its new cash crop--which indeed was soon to become the New World's currency.
		Opitchapan's successor, the warlike Opechancanough, instigated the Indian Massacre of 1622.
		As evidenced by the tree episode, it is bitter cold, and the situation at the fort is desperate.
	www.tobacco.org /History/Jamestown.html (5739 words)

	Homes Of Virginia - Jamestown
		The colonial church, restored by the National Society of Colonial Dames of America, was built upon the foundation of a former church.
		On this sacred spot Pocahontas, Indian princess, friend and guardian of the white settlers, was baptized and married in 1613 to John Rolfe, Gent.
		Chanco, an Indian boy, saved the Colony of Jamestown in the Indian massacre of 1622, and on the walls of the church is a tablet to this young hero, along with one to Pocahontas, Captain John Smith, and many other notables who, in their day and generation, formed this land of freedom.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/virginia-homes-59.shtml (391 words)

	Nathaniell Basse A Polemic
		The Indians followed them, shot them full of arrows then beat their brains out.” If the original were taken out of context, as it is here, and the punctuation removed or was in the wrong place, it could be interpreted as Master Hamer shooting the men full of arrows and beating their brains out, e.g.
		When the Massacre is referred to by year only (i.e., The Massacre of 1622), it is the New Style year that is being referenced.
		The "Massacre of 1622" is followed in December by an epidemic brought by the ship Abigail.
	hometown.aol.com /stephaunny/NathanielBasseDebate2.html (15069 words)

	Brad Cox, Ph.D.
		Then came blistering heat, swarms of insects spawned in the nearby wetlands, typhus, unfit water supplies, starvation, fierce winters, Indian attacks, influxes of inappropriately-prepared "Colonists" sent from a changing England that had no other place for them, and a period of tyrannical martial law when missing church 3 times was a capital offense.
		with the Indians, a period when the energies of the colonists could be devoted to the growing of the new cash crop, which was indeed soon to become the New World's currency.
		Rolfe made out his will in 1622, confessing to being "sick and weak in body." His name does not appear on the list of the dead, but since his farm at Bermuda Hundred was destroyed, some believe Rolfe died in the Indian Massacre of 1622 at the age of 37.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/SocialConstruction/Jamestown.html (4123 words)

	Daniel Gookin
		During the Indian massacre of 1622, Gookin, with thirty-five men, held his plantation, at what is now Newport News, against the savages.
		In 1656 he was appointed by legislative enactment superintendent of all the Indians who acknowledged the government of Massachusetts, an office which he retained until his death, although he became unpopular because of the protection which, as a magistrate, he extended to the Indians.
		His "Historical Collections of the Indians of Massachusetts," written in 1674, was published by the Massachusetts historical society in 1792.
	famousamericans.net /danielgookin (607 words)

	goldman - pafn10 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		On the night before the Indian massacre of March 22, 1622, an Indian named Chanco revealed the plot to Pace who rowed across the James River to warn the Governor of Jamestown in time to save the settlers in that vacinity.
		Hawthorne states that after the massacre, the remaining settlers "...organized a war of extermination in which they were supported by the London Company, which sent over men and weapons as soon as the news was made known in England.
		During the Indian massacre of 1622, all but Sarah (believed to have been about four months old at the time), were killed.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze1uj96/goldman/pafn10.htm (3667 words)

	William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine
		The savages were rejoiced, because they found the English too powerful to successfully resist and also because now the English were to defend them against attack of hostile tribes; the aim of the English was to obtain by means of this treaty a better and safer opportunity to inspect and conquer the country.
		At the time of this massacre a party of Indians embarked in four boats for Jamestown, with the intention of attacking and murdering the English in this town and the surrounding country, but the hellish plan was frustrated by the disclosure of the project by a converted Indian in the employ of a Mr.
		By the mercy of the Lord who had moved the heart of this converted Indian to give us timely warning the lives of more than a thousand of our people, of whom I was one, were spared.
	www.vcdh.virginia.edu /xml_docs/jamestown/J1022.xml (2108 words)

	NPS Historical Handbook: Jamestown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Indian massacre of 1622, that wrought such heavy devastation in the colony, did not reach Jamestown which was warned through the efforts of the Indian Chanco.
		It did temporarily cause congestion in the Jamestown area however, as the survivors from the more distant settlements fell back for safety and to regroup.
		The punitive Indian campaigns that followed were directed from Jamestown by the governor, who resided there.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/2/hh2b6.htm (1041 words)

	: 1622 - 1623 1624 1625 Decades: 1590s 1600s 1610s - 1620s - 1630s 1640s 1650s Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - ...
		1622 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).
		March 22 - In the Jamestown massacre, Algonquian Indians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia (1/3 of the colony\'s population) and destroys the Henricus settlement.
		Indian States, States of India, India tourism, Indian state governments, Indian State tourism, India schools, India colleges,
	www.indias.com /wiki-1622 (1128 words)

	Ancestors
		Right by the side of the road at the subdivision is a state marker declaring this peninsula to be Jordan's Journey with all the details of Samuel Jordan arriving there in 1610 and escaping the Powhatan massacre.
		Samuel Jordan's son, Robert, was killed in the Indian Massacre of 1622 at Berkley Hundred in Charles City trying to warn their neighbors across the water of the impending Indian attack.
		The Berkleys were killed too in the Indian Massacre of 1622 and the property shortly came to be in possession of the Harrison family.
	home.mindspring.com /~bgt/betzu.html (904 words)

	Virtual Jamestown: First-Hand Accounts
		The letter from Juan Rogel describes the rescue of a young boy, the sole survivor of the Indian massacre at Ajacàn.
		John White's drawings and descriptions of the Indians and the countryside of the Roanoke Island area provide details of the people and environment in the settlement called "Virginia." Theodore DeBry's engravings of White's watercolors appear in the 1590 edition of Thomas Hariot's account of the exploration.
		John Smith's "A Map of Virginia" describes the state of affairs in the colony, the Indians, and the surrounding countryside.
	www.virtualjamestown.org /fhaccounts_date.html (2987 words)

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