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Topic: Indian rebellion of 1857

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Indian Rebellion of 1857
		The term Indian independence movement is diffused, incorporating various national and regional campaigns, agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant philosophy and involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending the British Colonial Authority as well as other colonial...
		Prince Mirza Mughal (1817 - 1857) was the fifth (and eldest surviving legitimate) son of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar and heir apparent to the throne of Delhi and the title of Emperor of India.
		The rebellion began with military revolts by sepoys of the Bengal Presidency army; in 1857 the presidency consisted of present-day Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indian-Rebellion-of-1857 (9311 words)

	Sepoy Rebellion - MSN Encarta
		The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies...
		Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1859), also known as the Indian War of Independence, uprising against British rule in India begun by Indian troops (sipahi or sepoys) in the employ of the English East India Company.
		Among those joining the sepoys in the uprising were Indian princes and their followers, whose territories had been annexed by the English East India Company, and people whose ways of life and sources of income had been disrupted by British trade, missionary activities, or social reforms.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578127/Sepoy_Rebellion.html (1113 words)

	Indian Mutiny - ninemsn Encarta
		The mutiny and the rebellion that emerged out of it in 1857, exactly 100 years after the Battle of Plassey that marked the beginning of the British conquest of India, was the greatest armed challenge to the authority of the British East India Company.
		The rebellion began with acts of incendiarism at Barrackpore and Ranigunj in the Bengal Presidency and, on March 29, 1857, the revolt of a Brahmin soldier of the Bengal Native Infantry, Mangal Pande, who was hanged.
		While popular support for the rebellion varied from area to area, Bundelkhand was in rebellion from Jhansi to Sagar and the entire province of Oudh was in rebel hands as were parts of Rohilkhand.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578127/Indian_Mutiny.html (1421 words)

	History Indian Mutiny - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The Indian rebellion of 1857 was a prolonged period of armed uprisings as well as rebellions in Northern and Central India against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent.
		Indians were unhappy with the heavy-handed rule of the Company which had embarked on a project of rather rapid expansion and westernisation.
		A secretary of state was entrusted with the authority of Indian affairs and the Crown's viceroy in India was to be the chief executive.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/indian_mutiny.php (6375 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Indian rebellion of 1857
		The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a prolonged period of armed uprisings as well as rebellions in Northern and Central India against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent.
		Indians were unhappy with the heavy-handed rule of the Company which had embarked on a project of rather rapid expansion and westernisation.
		This was not the view taken by the British themselves after 1857: instead they scaled down their programme of reform, increased the racial distance between Europeans and native Indians, and also sought to appease the gentry and princely families, especially Muslim, who had been major instigators of the 1857 revolt.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Indian_rebellion_of_1857 (7447 words)

	The causes of the Indian uprising of 1857
		This essay argues that the Indian rebellion of 1857 was not primarily a military mutiny.
		The Indian rebellion of 1857 was not primarily a military mutiny, although this was in fact its initial trigger.
		Bahadur, S.A.K. The Causes of the Indian Revolt.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~johnthorpe64/1857IndianMutiny.html (2067 words)

	Indian Independence Movement - India
		The Indian political spectrum was further broadened in the mid-1920s by the emergence of both moderate and militant parties, such as the Swaraj Party, Hindu Mahasabha, Communist Party of India and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
		Indians throughout the country were divided over World War II, as the Lord Linlithgow, without consulting the Indian representatives had unilaterally declared India a belligerent on the side of the allies.
		The purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total co-operation during the war, in return of proggressive devolution and distribution of power from the crown and the Viceroy to elected Indian legislature.
	india.wikia.com /wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement (7191 words)

	BBC - History - British India and the 'Great Rebellion'
		In 1857 a large part of the Indian army rebelled against the British authorities; the ensuing bloodshed sent shockwaves throughout colonial Britain.
		Their mutiny encouraged rebellion by considerable numbers of Indian civilians in a broad belt of northern and central India - roughly from Delhi in the west to Benares in the east.
		Indians were assumed to have been a deeply conservative people whose traditions and ways of life had been disregarded by their British rulers.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/british/victorians/indian_rebellion_01.shtml (310 words)

	10,000 Indians begin march to commemorate first war of independence : India World
		Men and women from various Indian states chanted patriotic slogans in homage to the thousands of freedom fighters killed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and followed a team of 85 Army personnel on horseback.
		According to historians, the revolt by the sepoys or Indian soldiers in Meerut in May 1857, inspired Indians to launch the rebellion against the British occupation of the sub-continent.
		The Indian Mutiny also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, was a prolonged period of an armed revolt in over 100 cities and towns across India.
	www.earthtimes.org /articles/show/60032.html (504 words)

	Indian Freedom Fighters' Profiles
		The Indian Independence Movement consisted of efforts by Indians to obtain political independence from British, French and Portuguese rule; it involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and India's independence on August 15, 1947.
		The initial Indian rebellion of 1857 was sparked when soldiers serving in the British East India Company's British Indian Army and Indian kingdoms rebelled against British hegemony.
		The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a period of uprising in northern and central India against British rule in 1857—58.
	www.liveindia.com /freedomfighters (1780 words)

	1857 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar).
		May 10 - India's first War of Independece of 1857: In India, the Mutiny of XI Native Cavalry of the Bengal Army in Meerut, revolt against the British Army.
		July 15 - Second Cawnpore massacre during the Indian rebellion of 1857.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/1857 (927 words)

	British Empire: Forces: Campaigns: Indian Mutiny, 1857 - 58
		The hoped for general Indian uprising never did take place and despite attempts to escalate the events through various atrocities and sieges, the British were able to reorganise their forces in the Indian sub-continent and slowly but surely reestablish their control over the Bengal and other affected areas.
		Indians were told that 1857 was the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Plassey and that British rule would come to an end on that date.
		The authorities at Barrackpore were forutunate to have the European 84th regiment to hand so that the disarming of the Indian battalions could be done with the threat of force for any sepoys thinking of refusing to hand over their guns.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /forces/armycampaigns/indiancampaigns/mutiny/mutiny.htm (2390 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, British India
		Certain Indian social or religious practices that the British found to be abhorrent were outlawed, such as sati in 1829, and an ethic of 'improvement' was said to dictate British social policies.
		Among Indians, there were debates surrounding female education, widow remarriage, the age of consent for marriage, and more generally the status of women; and in the meanwhile, with increasing emphasis on English education, and the expansion of the government, larger numbers of Indians joined government service.
		It is during the Swadeshi movement that Indians deployed various strategies of non-violent resistance, boycott, strike and non-cooperation, and eventually the British had to agree to revoke the partition of Bengal.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/British/BrIndia.html (998 words)

	BarbManning.net Freelance - Shaithan's Wind: The 1857 Sepoy Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In January 1857, at the Dum Arsenal near Calcutta, and Indian lascar (sailor) asked a Brahmin sepoy (infantryman) for a drink of water from his brass cup.
		His interference in Indian politics eventually led to the War of the Carnatic, a long series of intrigues and skirmishes fought between the French and British over the thrones of Hyderabad and the Carnatic.
		Sir John Kaye (1814-1876), one of the most prolific writers on the history of British India, believed that the fear of the Brahmins of western innovations was the main cause of the 1857 rebellion.
	www.barbmanning.net /samples/sepoyrebellion.html (7523 words)

	The Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
		Somewhere about the end of the third week in January 1857, a khalasi, that is to say a labourer, accosted a high Brahmin sepoy and asked for a drink of water from his lotah (water-pot).
		Malleson, Colonel G.B. The Indian Mutiny of 1857.
		Palmer, J.A.B. The Mutiny Outbreak at Meerut In 1857.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Mutiny.html (2603 words)

	DW-WORLD.DE - European Responses to the 1857 Rebellion in India
		As India commemorates the 150th anniversary of the 1857 rebellion against the British colonial rule, Indian and European scholars discuss how contemporary journalists and writers in different European countries responded to this momentous event.
		The Indian Rebellion of 1857, described by the British as the Sepoy Mutiny and by Karl Marx as the First War of Indian Independence, has so far been largely viewed from the basis of English-language literature.
		Fontane wrote many articles on the events of 1857 rebellion and focused on British colonial policy, the East India Company, the conduct of the British soldiers, and the role of the English press.
	www2.dw-world.de /southasia/South_Asia/1.230609.1.html (589 words)

	India Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-59 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		On May 10, 1857, Indian soldiers of the British Indian Army, drawn mostly from Muslim units from Bengal, mutinied in Meerut, a cantonment eighty kilometers northeast of Delhi.
		Until the rebellion, the British had succeeded in suppressing numerous riots and "tribal" wars or in accommodating them through concessions, but two events triggered the violent explosion of wrath in 1857.
		The civil war inflicted havoc on both Indians and British as each vented its fury on the other; each community suffered humiliation and triumph in battle as well, although the final outcome was victory for the British.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/india/india_history_sepoy_rebellion_1857_59.html (426 words)

	CRL FOCUS Newsletter
		The period from the Battle of Plassey (1757) to the Sepoy Mutiny (1857) brought consolidation of power and territorial control for the Company, which was transformed from a mainly commercial endeavor into a governing body headquartered in Calcutta.
		The Sepoy Revolt or Indian Mutiny of 1857
		The Indian Rebellion of 1857 preciptated a major change in the history of British colonial rule in India.
	www.crl.edu /focus/07FallSourcesCSA.asp?issID=41 (1158 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| British Empire \| Living in the British empire \| India \| Background
		This was because it began with a rebellion by Indian troops (sepoys) serving in the army of the British East India Company.
		Indian historians dislike the term 'mutiny' because it suggests that only Indian troops were involved.
		For much of the 1800s the average Indian peasant had no more say in the way he or she was ruled than did the average worker in the United Kingdom.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /empire/g2/cs4/background.htm (1446 words)

	Wikipedia search result
		Year 1857 (MDCCCLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
		May 10 - Indian rebellion of 1857: The 3rd Light Cavalry of the British East India Company's army rebels against its British officers, thus beginning the rebellion.
		May 11 - Indian rebellion of 1857: Indian combatants capture Delhi from the East India Company.
	www.feedbus.com /wikis/wikipedia.php?title=1857 (1060 words)

	History of India 2 - Crystalinks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mughal Dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600; it went into a slow decline after 1707 and was finally defeated during the Indian rebellion of 1857.
		The Indian rebellion of 1857 in the north, led by mutinous Indian soldiers, was crushed by the British.
		In the late 19th century "British India" took its first steps toward self-government with the appointment of Indian councillors to advise the British viceroy, and the establishment of provincial Councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils.
	www.crystalinks.com /indiahistory2.html (1455 words)

	Mutiny, Indian \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		The Mutiny or Sepoy rebellion (1857–1858), or, as it is often referred to in contemporary India or Pakistan, the War for Indpendence, changed the shape of the British empire.
		Furthermore, in consolidating the British supremacy in India, the company forced a radical and rapid Westernization on traditional society that was a major cause of the troubles.
		The local Indian troops joined the insurgents in restoring the aged Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II (1775–1862) to the throne of his ancestors.
	www.bookrags.com /research/mutiny-indian-ema-04 (436 words)

	The Causes Of The Rebellion
		In 1857 however the slogan 'Hinduism' or 'Islam' against Christianity was used in order to rationalize a hatred which had resulted from discriminatory policies, based on racism which had little connection with religion.
		Later on after 1857, the British by and large accepted it as one of the principal causes of the rebellion of 1857.
		It led to exclusion of Indians from the higher legislative and political forums and thus contributed to evolution of laws which were perceived by Indians as an attack on caste and religion.
	defencejournal.com /aug99/rebellion.htm (11069 words)

	Teaching South Asia
		Those Indian men who had remained loyal during the Rebellion—many of whom hailed from that region—became, in spite of official warnings, favored populations whose loyalty was increasingly perceived as having proven both their military worth and their superiority over other native groups.
		Indeed, the Rebellion was crucial in an ideological sense as well, for British narrative accounts that emerged out of the conflict helped to shape beliefs and perceptions about colonialism, gender, and race in both Britain and India, the legacies of which still haunt historical interpretation in the present.
		For the Rebellion was both a military mutiny and a peasant rebellion; it included murders and atrocities on both the British and the Indian sides; and it was significant not just in military terms but in ideological and historiographical terms as well.
	www.mssu.edu /projectsouthasia/tsa/VIN1/StreetsPFV.htm (6552 words)

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