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	NAMED CAMPAIGNS - INDIAN WARS
		In the late 1780's a confederacy of hostile Indians, chiefly Miamis, in the northern part of present-day Ohio and Indiana restricted settlement largely to the Ohio Valley.
		Indian Bureau officials failed in attempts at negotiation, but General Canby and three civilian commissioners were able to arrange a parley with an equal number of Modoc representatives on 11 April.
		The Indians were pursuaded to surrender without fighting and gave up all their arms and about 250 ponies, and marched with the troops to Fort Keogh.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/reference/iwcmp.htm (4375 words)

	French and Indian Wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The first of the wars, King William’s War (1689–97), approximately corresponds to the European War of the Grand Alliance (1688–97).
		War had thus broken out before fighting began in Europe in the Seven Years War.
		In the West, the hold of Sir William Johnson over the Iroquois and the activities of border troops under his general command—most spectacular, perhaps, were the exploits of the rangers under Robert Rogers—reduced French holdings and influence.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/FrenchNI.html (1165 words)

	Indian wars — Infoplease.com
		Indian wars, in American history, general term referring to the series of conflicts between Europeans and their descendants and the indigenous peoples of North America.
		French and Indian Wars: The French and Indian War - The French and Indian War Rivalry for the West, particularly for the valley of the upper Ohio,...
		Indian wars: Wars in the West - Wars in the West After 1860 the wars continued but they now took place W of the Mississippi; the...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0825127.html (232 words)

	Our Indian Wars Are Not Over Yet - by John Brown and Tom Engelhardt
		They are surely the first generation in memory to pass a full childhood without fighting old-style Indian Wars on their floors or playing "cowboys and Indians." And yet the paradigm of the frontier and of the Indian Wars settled deep into the American soul.
		As GWOT increasingly appears to be, the Indian wars were a very long conflict, stretching from the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth — the longest war in American history, starting even before the U.S. existed as a nation.
		Perhaps because they are drawn-out wars with many fronts and changing commanders, the goals of GWOT and the Indian Wars can be subject to many interpretations (indeed, even Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld at one point was eager to rename the War on Terror a "Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism").
	www.antiwar.com /engelhardt/?articleid=8420 (2333 words)

	French and Indian Wars: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		In the West, the hold of Sir William Johnson over the Iroquois and the activities of border troops under his general commandU+2014most spectacular, perhaps, were the exploits of the rangers under Robert RogersU+2014reduced French holdings and influence.
		...Civil War and the Plains Indian wars, and died on duty in Nebraska...Schenofsky, a Belgian with French military training who was...to engage in the Plains Indian wars, resigned to serve as a captain of French cavalry in the Franco-Prussian...
		INDIAN WARS in American history, general...Confederacy, although the French missionaries and traders maintained...considered the last battle of the Indian Wars although there was an expedition...W. Jennison, The American Indian Wars (1961); J. Tebbel, The Compact...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101245084 (2815 words)

	Indian Wars - MSN Encarta
		The second major period of warfare between whites and Native Americans took place in the quarter century following the War of 1812; this was a transitional period dominated by the imposition and consequences of a new policy: the removal of Native American peoples to lands west of the Mississippi, referred to as Indian Territory.
		The Second Seminole War (Seminole Wars) in Florida (1835-1842) was distinguished by the evasive tactics of the Seminole, who for a long time escaped attempts of the U.S. Army to round them up.
		Among all the battles, only the Battle of the Little Bighorn is well known: On June 25, 1876, much of the 7th Cavalry Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer was wiped out by a combined force of Sioux and Cheyenne under Sioux chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553925_2/Indian_Wars.html (600 words)

	Wired 3.12: Internet Indian Wars
		By early 1993, Blue Snake's teachings had worked their way around AOL and into the hearts and minds of thousands of cybersurfers who were convinced they had found the answer to their manifold spiritual dilemmas.
		But tradition-minded Indians assert that there's an uncrossable line in both cyberspace and the real world, a line that separates tribal religious rites from the commerce of everyday life.
		Blue Snake's peddling of "Indian spirituality" was thus repugnant to the Native Americans who discovered his seminars, and they went on the offensive.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/3.12/martin.html (809 words)

	Guide Introduction: The Indian Wars of the West and Frontier Army Life, 1862-1898,
		The administration of Indian matters was divided between the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the frontier army.
		As the Indians saw their culture and their glories fading, they turned to an emotional religion that emphasized the coming of a Messiah and featured the "ghost dance." Indian agents on the Sioux reservation attempted to suppress the "ghost dance," for they feared this would lead to an outbreak of hostilities.
		Following the Indian massacres of settlers and soldiers, and particularly inspired by the hagiography of "Custer’s Last Stand," the cavalry soldier was adopted by the general public as a hero.
	www.lexisnexis.com /academic/guides/native_american/indianwars.asp (1810 words)

	Colonial & Indian Wars
		Iroquois Wars II continues the chronicle of the rise of the Iroquois Confederacy during the “Beaver Wars” of the 17th century, using primary source extracts from the Jesuit Relations.
		During the course of the French and Indian War years, thousands of pounds sterling were expended by both the French and the British in their efforts to buy Indian friendship and loyalty through gift-giving.
		With Indian raids and the on-going French and Indian War threatening its western borders, Pennyslvania's pacifist, Quaker-controlled government was slow to react.
	www.evolpub.com /ECBookstore/ColWars.html (1847 words)

	Native Americans - Indian Wars Medal of Honor Recipients
		Citation: While the Indians were concealed in a ravine, assisted men on the skirmish line, directing their fire, etc., and using every effort to dislodge the enemy.
		Citation: Lt. Emmet was in G Troop which was sent to relieve a detachment of soldiers under attack by hostile Apaches During a flank attack on the Indian camp, made to divert the hostiles Lt. Emmet and 5 of his men became surrounded when the Indians returned to defend their camp.
		Finding that the Indians were making for a position from which they could direct their fire on the retreating troop, the Lieutenant held his point with his party until the soldiers reached the safety of a canyon.
	www.nativeamericans.com /IndianWarsMedalofHonor.htm (12255 words)

	The Price of Freedom: Printable Exhibition
		Many reservation Indians were reduced to a subsistence life, dependent on the federal government for food and supplies.
		Indian children, seen as the key to assimilation, were forcibly taken from their homes and sent to school.
		As part of the policy to integrate Indians into the general population, many children were removed from the reservation and sent to Indian schools.
	americanhistory.si.edu /militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=6 (875 words)

	1800's Repro Items: Mexican War, Civil War, Indian Wars & Victorian
		Of Mountain Man, Mexican War, California Gold Rush, American Civil War, Indian Wars, Old West, Other Victorian, Spanish American War, and Other History Based reenactments, celebrations, and other events.
		The Brothers War, The War of Northern Aggression and The Second War of Independence
		It can be especially relevant when researching Victorian clothing, the American Civil War uniforms, Mexican War uniforms, Indian Wars uniforms and Spanish American War uniforms.
	www.ushist.com (802 words)

	Indian wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Tecumseh allied himself with the British in the War of 1812 and was killed in the battle of the Thames (1813), which ended the threat from Native Americans in the Northwest Territory.
		Dissatisfaction among the Native Americans continued; the contributing causes were corrupt Indian agents, transgressions by prospectors seeking valuable minerals in tribal lands, and the interference of the railroads with the tribes’ traditional hunting practices.
		Wounded Knee in 1890 is often considered the last battle of the Indian Wars although there was an expedition against the Ojibwa in Minnesota in 1898.
	www.bartelby.com /65/in/Indianwa.html (809 words)

	Oregon Blue Book: Oregon History: Indian Wars
		For the Indians of the Rogue River country it meant that all they had known and their very lives were at stake.
		Vanquished by the combined operations of the Oregon Volunteers and Army regulars, the Indians of the Rogue and Umpqua valleys and the southwestern Oregon coast were then removed to the Siletz and Grand Ronde reservations.
		In 1855 Superintendent Joel Palmer and Governor Isaac I. Stevens of Washington Territory summoned the Indians of the eastern plateau to the Walla Walla Treaty Council.
	bluebook.state.or.us /cultural/history/history14.htm (1181 words)

	Amazon.com: Indian Wars: Books: Robert M. Utley,Wilcomb E. Washburn,Wilcomb E Washburn,Robert M Utley (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a straight forward narrative history of the Indian Wars on the North American continent from the time English colonists arrived in the New World until the final confrontation between the US Government and the Sioux at Wounded Knee in 1890.
		Of interest in the early period is the impact of European wars on the relationships between whites and Indians in the east as the French and English allied with Indian tribes against their enemies.
		Lest anyone think the Europeans "used" the tribes in these wars it must be remembered that the tribes also used the Europeans to further their interests, in the end not caring about war or peace between the European rivals.
	www.amazon.com /Indian-Wars-Robert-M-Utley/dp/0618154647 (1902 words)

	The Indian Wars by Emerson Hough
		The Indians themselves had lived there all their lives, had conquered their environment, and were happy in it.
		The greatest of our Indian wars have taken place since our own Civil War; and perhaps the most notable of all the battles are those which were fought on the old cow range -- in the land of our last frontier.
		"The conception of Indian character is almost impossible to a man who has passed the greater portion of his life surrounded by the influences of a cultivated, refined, and moral society....
	www.legendsofamerica.com /WE-IndianWars.html (1270 words)

	ARIZONA APACHE WARS
		Because the outpost was isolated and difficult to maintain, it was basically ineffective in stopping raids and was abandoned at the outset of the Civil War.
		So many Indians were killed that the stream where the engagement took place ran red with the blood of those who died--thus the name "Bloody Tanks." It was a horrifying precursor of what was to come.
		It was all-out war, and it soon became clear that General Crook could not be defeated.
	www.geocities.com /~zybt/awars.htm (3480 words)

	"Our Indian Wars Are Not Over Yet" -- Ten Ways to Interpret the War on Terror as a Frontier Conflict
		Us vs. them is, of course, a feature of all wars, but the starkness of this dichotomy -- seen by GWOT supporters as a struggle between the civilized world and a global jihad -- is as strikingly apparent in the War on Terror as it was in the Indian Wars.
		As GWOT increasingly appears to be, the Indian wars were a very long conflict, stretching from the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth -- the longest war in American history, starting even before the U.S. existed as a nation.
		Perhaps because they are drawn-out wars with many fronts and changing commanders, the goals of GWOT and the Indian Wars can be subject to many interpretations (indeed, even Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld at one point was eager to rename the War on Terror a "Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism").
	www.commondreams.org /views06/0120-20.htm (1650 words)

	Indian Wars
		California's second-largest Indian reservation lives alongside white-dominated Covelo, with all of the historic and bloody frictions of the last-century American frontier.
		Indians who became Christian believers were encouraged to turn against those who would remember the power of their sacred culture.
		As long as the Indians stay in their place, everything is fine..but if they do something for themselves..they are too aggressive.
	www.monitor.net /monitor/9-2-95/indianwars.html (1689 words)

	Reviews of 'Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes 1850-1890'
		However, Gregory Michno's Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850-1890 really is a miniature encyclopedia of the Indian Wars fought between the U.S. Army and various Native American tribes or groups during the period when Euro-Americans came to dominate the western United States.
		The bulk of the narratives are summaries of facts included in the reports (the weakest link, as in any such war, being the casualty count inflicted on the adversary).
		For instance, the 1877 Nez Perce War is hard to follow because unrelated events elsewhere are intertwined in the same months.
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/reviews/0878424687.html (844 words)

	Indian Wars
		The Indians, who were interested spectators of these preparations for their reception, continued to approach, but seemed willing to delay their attack until the plain became a little more favorable for their operations.
		If the graves of the thousands of victims who have fallen in the terrible wars of the two races had been placed in line the philanthropist might travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Lakes to the Gulf, and be constantly in sight of green mounds.
		We have committed our Indian matters to the custody of an Indian bureau which for many years was a part of the military establishment of the government; but for political reasons and to promote party interests, this bureau was transferred to the Department of the Interior.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /WWindianwars.htm (8084 words)

	Cow Creek/Umpqua Tribe: Indian Wars
		Many of the non-Indians fighting the Indians were irregular Volunteers operating independently of the regular Army and all established authority.
		Rogue Indians attacked the U.S. Army in the Rogue River Valley.
		Seventeen Indians died, 33 more were killed later, before the Army moved on, taking 30 women and children prisoner.
	www.cowcreek.com /story/x01history/x09indianwars.html (182 words)

	Indian Wars
		Among the Indians were the leaders of the Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Cheyenne, Arapaho and other minor tribes.
		Fort Sill was built in 1869 and served as a staging area for the U.S. Army in battles against the Indians.
		It is the only remaining active Army installation of all the forts on the South Plains built during the Indian wars.
	www.educonnect.com /KeyOk/indianwar.htm (1006 words)

	Indian Wars
		The causes of this war, and of the English-Narragansett conflict of 1643-1645 and King Philip's War of 1675-1676, were complicated and disputed, with both sides alleging violations of understandings with the other.
		While Spain and France maintained a presence in North America, individual native peoples could ally themselves with one of these European nations against British incursions into their territory.
		The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/indianwars.htm (1969 words)

	Indian Wars Time Table
		An Indian confederation led by the Yamasee came close to exterminating white settlement in their region.
		Moved across the Mississippi into "Indian Country," the Sioux under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse resisted waves of settlers and prospectors, to keep their hunting grounds.
		Attacks on Rogue River Valley Indian people were meant to start a war that would employ miners unable to work because of a drought.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1008.html (855 words)

	Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data
		Indian Wars has the virtue of speaking eloquently to the past while offering valuable guidance for the future."
		The Indian wars remain the most misunderstood campaign ever waged by the U. Army.
		Yet the popular understanding of the Indian wars is marred by stereotypes and misinformation as well as a tendency to view these individual wars--the battles against the Sioux, the Cheyenne, the Nez Perce, the Apache, and other groups--as distinct incidents rather than parts of a single overarching campaign.
	www.halloween.com /halloween-books/free.php?in=us&asin=1594160163 (377 words)

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