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Topic: Indian-Mutiny

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Indian rebellion of 1857 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The events of this period are known to many Indians as the First War of Independence and the War of Independence of 1857 and to the British, and many western historians, variously as the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, the Sepoy Rebellion, the Great Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857. Indians were unhappy with the heavy-handed rule of the Company which had embarked on a project of rather rapid occupation and westernisation. Many Indians supported the British, partly due to their dislike at the idea of return of Mughal rule and partly because of the lack of a notion of Indianness, These very forces were crucial to the British re-conquest of the independent areas. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Mutiny

INDIAN MUTINY - LoveToKnow Article on INDIAN MUTINY The Indian Mutiny was in no sense a national rising. This young Mahratta, since known to universal execration as the arch-villain of the Mutiny, was secretly burning with a sense of injury received from the Indian government. The mediate cause of the Mutiny was the great disproportion between the numbers of British and native troops in India, which gave the sepoys an exaggerated notion of their power; its immediate causes were a series of circumstances which promoted active discontentwith British rule. www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INDIAN_MUTINY.htm

Indian Mutiny. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Although it is too much to say that the mutiny constituted a nationalist uprising, it was at that time that the first stirrings of active Indian nationalism began to be felt. The mutiny spread rapidly through N central India, and, by the end of June, Cawnpore (Kanpur) had fallen to the sepoys of Nana Sahib, and Lucknow was besieged. The Indian soldiers were dissatisfied with their pay as well as with certain changes in regulations, which they interpreted as part of a plot to force them to adopt Christianity. www.bartleby.com /65/in/IndianMu.html

Indian Mutiny --  Encyclopædia Britannica Analysis of the Indian mutiny of 1857 with an emphasis on its causes. The Indian Mutiny of 1857 was a rebellion against British rule by a large part of the Bengal army in India. So radical were Dalhousie's changes and so widespread the resentment they caused that his policies were frequently held responsible for the Indian Mutiny in... www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042288?tocId=9042288

The Indian Mutiny, 1857 Meerut witnessed the first serious outbreak of the Indian Mutiny when angry sepoys broke open the town jail and released their comrades, who had refused to bite the new cartridges. In 1857, with the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, India witnessed its first war of independence against the British. Indian uprisings against British rule, however, were unsuccessful due to the superior technology and organization of the British army. www.victorianweb.org /history/empire/mutiny.html

Kamat's Potpourri: First Indian War of Independence It was a remarkable event in Indian history and marked the end of the Mogul empire and sealed India's fate as a British colony for the next 100 years. Kanpur, a city controlled by British on the Ganges 250 miles southeast of Delhi, surrendered to the Indian soldiers on June 28, 1857, and was the scene of a massacre before it was recaptured by the British on July 16. The final stage of the mutiny took place in central India, which was aroused by a roving band of rebels under the Maratha General Tatya Tope. www.kamat.com /kalranga/itihas/1857.htm

BBC - History - British India before and after the Great Rebellion of 1857 Their mutiny encouraged rebellion by considerable numbers of Indian civilians in a broad belt of northern and central India- roughly from Delhi in the west to Benares in the east. Indians were assumed to have been a deeply conservative people whose traditions and ways of life had been disregarded by their British rulers. In 1857 a large part of the Indian army rebelled against the British authorities; the ensuing bloodshed sent shockwaves throughout colonial Britain. www.bbc.co.uk /history/state/empire/indian_rebellion_01.shtml

The Great Indian Mutiny - Aug. 10, 2003 To say that the Indian Mutiny was a misjudgment about the use of animal fat, is to simplify its causes, much in the same way if we view the Oakwood mutiny as solely a protest against low pay or corruption in the military. A study of the mutiny revealed a civilian component with native rulers and influential landlords supporting the uprising. Later when prisoners started to be taken and trials held, those convicted of mutiny were lashed to the muzzles of cannon and a roundshot fired through their bodies. www.inq7.net /opi/2003/aug/10/opi_rjfarolan-1.htm

Indian Mutiny The Mutiny began in earnest at Meerut on 10 May 1857 when 85 members of the 3rd (Bengal) Light Cavalry who had been imprisoned for refusing the cartridges were rescued by Indian comrades. Many Indians believed that the British were seeking to destroy traditional Indian social, religious and cultural customs, a view shared by the sepoys of the Bengal Army, a substantial number of whom were high-caste Brahmins. The Indian soldiers were issued with a rifle that was inferior to that of their British counterparts and given only limited logistical support. www.national-army-museum.ac.uk /pages/indian.html

Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Indian Mutiny: 1857 The Indian mutiny is a subject which has often been taken up whether by other historians, such as Christopher Hibbert (who compared to this wrote a rather turgid account), or even in fiction. This account of the Indian Mutiny tends to fall between the two extremes - the lists of regiments who mutinied reflecting the less interesting aspect that contrast sharply with the shocking stories of the atrocities against women and children as told through letters and other accounts. Indian Mutiny: Hanuman Singh, India, 1857-1858 (My Story S.); Paperback ~ Pratima Mitchell www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0141005548

SikhSpectrum.com Monthly. The Truth About the Indian Mutiny of 1857 The mutiny could not, as such, be called a general mutiny of the Indian Army. The mutiny at Meerut on May 10, 1857, which later became widespread and developed into a revolt in some parts of the U.P. and neighboring territories, has been called by some writers 'the Indian War of Independence'. The indiscriminate massacre of Indian Christians on the basis of their religion and of unsuspecting Englishmen, and their innocent women and children, were the worst type of blood-thirstiness that sent throughout the country a thrill of horror and hatred against the mutineers and alienated the sympathies of their prospective friends. www.sikhspectrum.com /082004/1857_mutiny_g_s.htm

indmut.txt THE INDIAN MUTINY designed by Rob Markham and Mark Seaman COMPONENTS: 200 counters one 22"x34" map 8 pages of rules (more than 2 page are scenario info, etc.) 1 die (not supplied with the magazine) AESTHETICS: Although a little dated, the map and counters are not unpleasant to look at and certainly functional. Moving untested native units (6.0) To avoid the British ploy of marching the untested Indian units into the desert away from towns and mutinous provinces/units, have them roll against their mutiny number to see if they'll follow the order to move or remain stationary (but they do _not_ mutiny). And it is even possible for Indian units to be inside a fortress of an area that is not in revolt, since the area and the fortress are considered to be distinct. grognard.com /reviews/indmut.txt

List of Indian Mutiny Victoria Cross recipients - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following 182 recipients were awarded the Victoria Cross for the Indian Mutiny (1857?1859). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Indian_Mutiny_Victoria_Cross_recipients

History - The Freedom Struggle A century of accumulated grievances erupted in the Indian mutiny of sepoys in the British army, in 1857. With the failure of the 1857 mutiny, the leadership of the freedom movement passed into the hands of this class and crystallised in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. The Indian Mutiny of 1857 or The First War of Independence www.indembassyhavana.cu /culture/culture-history-independencestruggle.htm

Indian Mutiny In 1857, the Indian Mutiny broke out and it rapidly became the greatest of all the imperial wars. It was followed avidly by the British public and as the myths of the Mutiny grew it came to be seen almost as a latter-day British Iliad with gentleman-warriors of homeric proportions manfully defending the position, dignity and God-given duty of their race. Though the Mutiny dragged on for almost two years it was effectively fought and won in a six-month whirlwind of murder, siege, atrocity, forced marches, heroism, savagery and brutality. www.geocities.com /Broadway/Alley/5443/indmut.htm

British Empire: Articles: The British Press and the Indian Mutiny The concern of the present paper will be to examine what was reported during the period of July 4th to August 1st with regard to the Indian Mutiny, and how this reflected the actions and statements of the leading political figures and the sentiments of the public at large. In 1857, when the Indian Mutiny broke out, both the press and the politicians were caught off guard. Concurrent with this notion, Disraeli believed that the Mutiny was a revolt against the policies employed by the company in the name of Britain, not a protest against the violation of religious taboos. www.britishempire.co.uk /article/mutinypress.htm

Historia 1999 Malleson, Indian Mutiny, 8-9, 11-3, accuses the British army of "Horse Guards" mentality: officers cared more for tradition, appearance and style than actual useable knowledge of his Sepoy troops. Indian religious retribution required an atonement with the lives of British men, women, and children. Consequently, British sergeants and native Indian officers commanded the regiments. www.eiu.edu /~historia/1999/sepoy99.htm

The 1857 Indian Mutiny The mutiny, which ended by destroying the Mughal Empire, had major effects on the U. as well, forcing the British government to assume direct control over the Indian subcontinent. The revolt, mutiny, or rebellion, which some have seen as the first Indian war of independence, began on May 10, 1857. "We could subdue the mutiny of 1857, formidable as it was, because it spread through only a part of the army, because people did not actively sympathize with it, and because it was possible to find native Indian races who would fight on our side. www.victorianweb.org /history/empire/1857.html

The Mohican Board! [Bumppo's Redux!] - The Great Indian Mutiny of 1857 He was there throughout the Mutiny, serving at one point as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General of the Delhi Field Force, and the latter work is a compilation of his letters home to England during and after that bloody, but fascinating chapter in British colonial history. As evil and barbaric the treatment of European/Christian Indian women and children were, it did not give license to the wholesale ransacking of Northern India at the end of the uprising. It would've been easier to support their struggle, if the Indian Mutineers would have treated their civilian detainees in a more civilized fashion (Oh no! The Sarge is trying to put western Judeo-Christian values into the head of an eastern enemy. www.mohicanpress.com /messageboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1608

South Asian History: Indian Wars of Independence - Revolutionary Upheaval of 1857 Although dismissed by some as merely a sepoy's mutiny or revolt, or as a protest against the violation of religious rights by the British, the great uprising of 1857 is slowly gaining recognition as India's first war of independence. For instance, in the Bengal Army, the 140,000 Indians who were employed as "Sepoys" were completely subordinate to the roughly 26,000 British officers. Although not very well known, the period between 1763 and 1856 was not a period during which Indians accepted alien rule passively. members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/1857.html

The Indian Mutiny of 1857-8 Both the annexation and consolidation heightened tension between government and population and mutiny was inevitable when the Indian section of the army was allocated cartridges smeared with the fat of cows and pigs, unclean to both Hindu and Muslim elements. Historians agree that the mutiny was characterised by violent reprisals on either side but, at least in British historical tradition, the most significant events are the massacres at Meerut, Cawnpore and Lucknow; post-mutiny literature dwelling on the fate of women and children especially. The mutiny, regarded by many as India's first War of Independence, was to have important consequences and the structure of British India was to be re-organised extensively. www.qub.ac.uk /en/imperial/india/mutiny.htm

India's Freedom Struggle : Indian National Congress at Kamat's Potpourri Subsequent to the Sepoy Mutiny (1857), some Englishmen in India felt that a harmony between the ruling English and the lndian people has to be built and Sir Allen Octavian Hume founded the Indian National Union which gave way to the Indian National Congress (INC). The British used this inherent divide among Indians to suppress the Indian freedom movement and eventually divided the nation into a Muslim Pakistan and a secular India. A Government favorable to Indian freedom won the post-war election in England and India was liberated. www.kamat.com /kalranga/freedom/inc.htm

Contemporary Review: The Indian Mutiny 1857 - Book Review However the mutiny which became a revol t led to numerous reforms in Indian government, education and the military. Contemporary Review: The Indian Mutiny 1857- Book Review The Mutiny lasted from May to September 1857 and was marked by cruelty on both sides and, as the author shows, ultimate British victory was not always guaranteed. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1643_281/ai_96210781

The Atheneum Scientific History and Biography The mutiny over, avenged with as much ruthlessness as it began, the British government seizes administration of India from the East India Company and reorganizes the Army to increase the ratio of British to Indian troops. The British called it the Indian Mutiny; later the Indians were to name it the Great War of Independence. Furthermore, the interference by the English in the basic traditional Indian way of life in social causes like prohibition of the Sati (permission of widow remarriage) was seen by many as a threat to their religion. www.lexicorps.com /sepoy.htm

Indian Mutiny Background The closeness of the British and the Indians so apparent in the early days of the British presence started to fade and by 1857 it was a gulf. Pande achieved a certain kind of immortality in that his name entered British military slang as the general nickname for a mutineer and eventually a derogatory term for any Indian. These armies were paid for entirely out of the Company's Indian revenues and together were larger than the British Army itself. www.geocities.com /Broadway/Alley/5443/indmut2.htm

Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors Indian influence on the West, though likely through the skepticism of Pyrrho, and possibly evident in the halos of Christian saints (borrowed from Buddhist iconography), did not extend to anything more substantial. It is certainly representative of the problems with Indian history that its own historical era dates an unknown event in a period, long after the beginning of Indian history, that itself is all but innocent of dates and historical evidence. Indian Moslems became accustomed, as was their right under Islâmic Law, to be ruled by a Moslem power. www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm

The Indian Mutiny battlefield tour The Indian Mutiny of 1857 was the bloodiest insurrection in the history of the British Empire. This afternoon we return our attention to the Mutiny and explore the beautiful Red Fort with its marble halls and formal gardens which, in 1857, was a refuge for more than 5,000 Europeans and their Indian servants. Significantly we also visit Mirath (Meerut), where the mutiny began, and Jhansi, the home of the celebrated Rani (the 'Indian Joan of Arc') who died in battle and is still revered in India today. www.midastours.co.uk /t081a.html

Guardian Unlimited The Guardian When Maya met Madhur When I first found out that we took the British side in the Indian Mutiny of 1857 I was just so embarrassed. My father used to have a dish that was head and feet, so the head and feet were cooked and cooked and cooked in the Indian way with lots of spices, and the next day they were put in a dish with hard-boiled eggs and put in the fridge and it gelled. Madhur Jaffrey, the Indian actress and cookery writer, has in turn written her own memoir with recipes, Climbing the Mango Trees (Ebury Press). www.guardian.co.uk /g2/story/0,3604,1589217,00.html

61st FOOT IN INDIA Half the 57th N.I. mutiny and march away, the rest return to barracks and lay down their arms. The rest of the month was spent drawing "Indian kit" and training. May 13th 1857: News arrived of the Mutiny at Meerut. members.tripod.com /%7EGlosters/index-4.html

Indian Mutiny The causes of the mutiny were many but it was not a purely racial matter as many native Indians fought alongside the British. This was started by Indian troops in the service of the British East India Company ('John's Company') and it resulted in the power of the company being handed over to the British Crown. The main focus of the Mutiny was around the capital city of Delhi, where major conflicts were fought, but the most significant battle was fought at Lucknow. www.dowlingfamily.info /i1857in1.htm

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