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Topic: Indiana limestone

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Limestone

	Indiana - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Indiana ranks 38th among the states in size, with a total area of 94,322 sq km (36,418 sq mi), including 818 sq km (316 sq mi) of inland water and 609 sq km (235 sq mi) of Lake Michigan over which it has jurisdiction.
		Indiana is roughly rectangular in shape, and the state has a maximum dimension north to south of 459 km (285 mi) and a maximum east to west dimension of 285 km (177 mi).
		In Indiana the principal tributaries of the Wabash are the Tippecanoe River in the north, and the East Fork and the West Fork of the White River, which drain large areas of the southern and south central portions of Indiana.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565316/Indiana.html (1491 words)

	Indiana Limestone
		Indiana Limestone, which is a Mississippian-age grainstone of very uniform texture and grade, has gained world-wide acceptance as a premier dimension stone.
		Indiana Limestone is a freestone, which means that it exhibits no preferential direction of splitting and can, therefore, be cut and carved in an almost limitless variety of shapes and sizes.
		Indiana Limestone is chemically pure, averaging 97 percent plus calcium carbonate and 1.2 percent calcium-magnesium carbonate, thus qualifying the material as a chemical stone.
	igs.indiana.edu /geology/minRes/indianaLimestone/index.cfm (515 words)

	ESKANDARI STONE - Limestone Tiles & Slabs
		Limestones often contain variable amounts of silica in the form of chert or flint, as well as amounts of clay, silt and sand as disseminations, nodules, or layers within the rock unit.
		Limestone is therefore usually associated with hills and downland and occurs in regions with other sedimentary rocks, typically clays.
		Limestone is especially popular in architecture, and many landmarks around the world, especially in North America and Europe, are made primarily of the material.
	www.eskandaristone.com /limestone.htm (673 words)

	Indiana Limestone Institute (History of Indiana Limestone)
		Concurrent with the arrival of both North-South and East-West railroads into southern Indiana in the mid 19th century, the market for Indiana Limestone responded to architectural demand for stone of a light-neutral color to complement the various Revival styles of the era.
		Contracts for Indiana Limestone in two major public buildings in that decade, the Indiana Statehouse and the Chicago City Hall, established its reputation of superior weather resistance, ease of shaping, consistent quality, boundless supply and good public and architectural acceptance.
		The Indiana Limestone Industry was able to weather the changes in its sales patterns forced by the international styles of architecture during the period between 1950 and the oil embargo of 1973, in which building products demanding huge amounts of energy to produce and use were extensively used.
	www.reidpres.com /limestone.htm (898 words)

	Victor Oolitic Stone Company - Indiana Limestone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Indiana limestone has a high degree of machinability, allowing it to be shaped and textured at low cost.
		Often referred to as the "Nation's Building Stone," nearly 80% of the dimension limestone used in the U.S.A. is quarried in the state of Indiana.
		Indiana Limestone is widely accepted as a suitable building material not only for commercial, governmental, and institutional projects, but for residential and apartment construction as well.
	www.victoroolitic.com /limestone.php (243 words)

	Indiana's Building Blocks
		Indiana is not just a crossroad of America, but it also has been the state that provides "Nationâs building stones." Indiana limestone, also known as Salem limestone, is used to imprint first words of the Constitution of the United States.
		Indiana limestone is a rock primarily formed of calcium carbonate.
		The limestone was deposited over millions of years as marine fossils decomposed at the bottom of a shallow inland sea which covered most of the present-day Midwest.
	www.wabash.edu /news/displaystory.cfm?news_ID=2690 (284 words)

	About the Limestone
		It was quite apparent that the limestone on the upper half of the Confederate Monument had a different appearance from the limestone used to construct the lower half.
		In an attempt to determine if the limestone in the upper half of the monument was sourced in Indiana, microscopic studies were made of both the upper limestone and the lower limestone and compared with samples from the Alabama and Indiana quarries.
		In limestone, crinoids are the only type of grain that can provide large seeds to serve as templates for cement crystals to grow on, so the pores in calcarenites rich in crinoid particles tend to get filled with large, clean crystals of calcite instead of tiny crystals resembling mini-geodes.
	www.mckaylodge.com /limestone.html (1916 words)

	About Arindam
		There was a point of time in southern Indiana when miles and miles of limestone lay exposed on the surface.
		The Salem outcrop, as the geologists call the limestone in the region, extends 5 miles in width and 25 miles in length from Stinesville, north of Ellettsville, to Bedford, Indiana.
		If limestone in buildings across America could speak they would tell of how it all began in 1871 when the heart of Chicago was gutted down in fire and a new city rose from the ashes.
	www.arindammukherjee.com /Writing/limestone.htm (1097 words)

	Moment of Indiana History
		The stone for which Indiana became renowned exists mainly in a swath varying in width from one to ten miles and stretching 30 miles long, from Stinesville to Bedford.
		Limestone's peak years proved to be 1928 to 1932, with 12 million cubic feet of Indiana stone quarried in 1929.
		The Pentagon was constructed of Indiana Limestone in 1940, and repaired with the same after the attacks of 2001.
	www.purdue.edu /wbaa/ipbs/Scripts/046.htm (290 words)

	Our CampFire Club: Fossil Hunt
		Limestone is a rock that's often made of the skeletons of sea animals.
		Indiana Limestone is quarried and used as a building stone.
		See a drawing of the tiniest fossils in the Salem Limestone, called "microfossils." The Irving School window sills, and most of the Indiana Limestone used in buildings, is made of tiny fossils like these.
	saltthesandbox.org /campfire/FossilHunt.htm (375 words)

	Indiana Limestone
		Indiana Limestone is a freestone, which means that it has no preferential direction of splitting.
		For a rock, the Indiana Limestone is chemically pure and consistent, being composed of >97% calcite.
		The Indiana Limestone formed far enough offshore that very little continentally-derived siliciclastic sediment was available to mix with the carbonate sediment that was forming in the immediate area.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /geology/powell/613webpage/NYCbuilding/IndianaLimestone/IndianaLimestone.htm (636 words)

	IN Geology Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Indiana is a large anticline that plunges to the northwest.
		The most famous Indiana geology is a sequence of carbonate rocks that is 250 to nearly 500 feet thick and has significant amounts of gypsum, anhydrite, shale, chert, and calcareous sandstone.
		Within the Sanders Group is a formation known by geologists as the Salem Limestone and by architects as "Indiana Limestone." This thickly bedded limestone is quarried for a variety of architectural purposes and is known as one of the premier dimension stones in the world.
	www.geology.iupui.edu /Resources/Students/Geology_Resources/indiana_geology_facts.htm (407 words)

	Lawrence County Limestone History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Generations of southern Indiana men have lived in limestone houses, worshipped in limestone churches, dulled their hearing with the noise of limestone fabricating mills, filled their lungs with the gray, gritty dust and finally marked one another's grave with beautiful, art carved limestone markers.
		Some of the most famous buildings constructed with Indiana limestone are as follows: The Empire State Building in New York, the Tribune Tower in Chicago, the Pentagon and the National Cathedral in Washington DC.
		Thirty-five of the state capitol buildings are made of Indiana limestone and a varied number of other famous building throughout the country.
	www.limestonecountry.com /Limestone.html (936 words)

	Salem Limestone
		The formation was renamed the Salem Limestone by Cumings in 1901 because the name Bedford was preoccupied by the Bedford Shale of Ohio (Newberry, 1871).
		Although the Indiana and Illinois Geological Surveys consistently used the name Salem, it was not until the 1950's that the U.S. Geological Survey changed its use from "Spergen Limestone" to "Salem Limestone." (See Smith, 1970, p.
		It is somewhat younger in Indiana than in western Illinois, however, and from Madison County northward in Illinois the upper part of the Salem grades laterally into the St. Louis Limestone (Lineback, 1972).
	igs.indiana.edu /geology/structure/compendium/html/comp3mzo.cfm (781 words)

	INDIANA LIMESTONE COLLECTION CA. 1910-1984
		Limestone is the most widely used building stone in history, used by the ancient Egyptians, Incas, and Mayas. Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. There are many varieties, which vary in color, texture, and other physical characteristics, but all were created in prehistoric oceans.
		The harder, more crystalline limestone is found in the eastern and southeastern parts of Indiana, especially in Decatur County. Flagstone is found largely in the northern regions of the state.
		Business letter from Indiana Limestone Company to St. Lawrence Marble Quarries in Gouverneur, New York, dated 1 October 1929 regarding steam and electric channeling machines and that the two photos described below were enclosed.
	www.indianahistory.org /Library/manuscripts/collection_guides/P0456.html (1386 words)

	Indiana Oölitic Limestone
		The Indiana oölitic limestone district extends from a point near Greencastle on the north, to the Ohio River, and ranges from two to 14 miles in width.
		The area is well wooded, except where, here and there, a bluff of limestone crops boldly out, or a knob of the original plateau shows at the summit of a hill.
		"Indiana oölitic limestone is one of the six great geological horizons which in that state comprise the lower carboniferous strata or Mississippian Period."
	www.cagenweb.com /quarries/articles_and_books/mine_and_quarry/in-mineandquarry1910.html (3608 words)

	Indiana Limestone Heritage Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Envisioning a partnership of multiple organizations and individuals, the Indiana Limestone Heritage Parks project is dedicated to preserving the unique cultural and historical landscape created by the Indiana limestone industry in Lawrence and Monroe counties.
		During this time, the quarrying and production of Indiana limestone has created a rich heritage landscape in the Monroe and Lawrence counties of Southern Indiana, transforming both the land and the people who live there.
		Today, Indiana limestone continues to shape the economy, lives, and geography of Monroe and Lawrence counties, and will continue to do so for centuries to come.
	www.limestonepark.com (270 words)

	Indiana limestone unifies medical campus - Feature Article - Stone World
		Large panels of Indiana limestone were used for the exterior facade of the new structure to match existing architecture on the medical campus.
		Indiana limestone veneer panels — measuring 4 inches thick and up to 6 feet in length and 3 feet tall — were employed for the structure’s exterior design.
		Additionally, the lightweight limestone panels were ideal for the exterior of the ICU addition because they are impervious to water penetration.
	www.stoneworld.com /CDA/Articles/Feature_Article/138c659aba75e010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ (1016 words)

	Indiana Limestone Company - History
		Twenty-four limestone companies representing 90% of the area's stone industry were brought together in the merger.
		By 1927, a year after its founding, Indiana Limestone Company was quarrying a million tons of limestone and running its mills 24 hours a day.
		As builders across the United States saw the high quality results, the popularity of building with Indiana Limestone quickly spread and production topped 14 million cubic feet a year, thought to be an all-time high.
	www.indianalimestonecompany.com /index.php?pageId=25 (248 words)

	Neighborhood Rocks: Limestone
		Limestone is mostly light to dark gray in color.
		Limestone is made mostly of the mineral calcite, so it bubbles gently when you put a drop of white vinegar on it.
		Like limestone, marble is usually made of calcite, so it usually fizzes gently when you put a drop of white vinegar on it.
	www.saltthesandbox.org /rocks/limestone.htm (429 words)

	Indiana Business Magazine
		The Indiana War Memorial is an impressive limestone and granite structure occupying the entire city block bound by Michigan, Meridian, Vermont and Pennsylvania streets in Indianapolis.
		In addition to the BKD Build Indiana Awards, the BKD Governor's Award is presented periodically when a company's project significantly exceeds all award criteria and creates an extraordinarily positive impact on the Indiana community.
		Located in the heart of the Indiana Government Center campus, the Indiana Law Enforcement and Fire Fighters Memorial stands as a monument to Indiana's public safety heroes who have made the ultimate sacrifice while protecting the citizens of Indiana.
	www.indianabusiness.com /articles/0302_E.html (1445 words)

	Residential limestone. Limestone panels & veneer. Stone Fireplaces.
		A home graced with natural limestone speaks to the sophistication and discernment of its owners.
		Once accessible to only the select few, the elegance of natural limestone cladding is now within reach thanks to the ALC Solution, the pioneering product from American Limestone* Company.
		In addition to the ALC Solution, American Limestone Company also offers a full compliment of fabrication services, including custom carved pieces and a stunning range of fireplace surrounds.
	www.americanlimestone.com /residential (129 words)

	About Accent Limestone & Carving
		While working for a Southern Indiana limestone company, he has worked on many projects including the Washington Cathedral, the Iowa State Capital restoration, the Iowa Governor's Mansion, and "Our Lady of Angels" Monastery in Hanceville, Alabama.
		When founding Accent Limestone in 1999, Michael stated his belief that by offering standard limestone pieces, elegant, individually chosen enhancements can be made to any home or office at prices that are affordable and without compromise to quality.
		Accent Limestone is also able to re-create in limestone, from your original pieces or photographs for restoration projects.
	www.accentlimestone.com /about.html (153 words)

	Indiana Limestone Company
		Indiana Limestone Company is dedicated to building excellence as a supplier of Indiana Limestone raw materials and as a supplier of finished Indiana limestone building products.
		From raw Indiana Limestone block and slab material to finished dimensional cut stone and residential building products we continue our longstanding tradition as the leading fully integrated supplier of the Nation’s Building Stone.
		This series of natural Indiana Limestone includes the most popular styles and sizes of veneers, flagstone paving, treads, and pool coping.
	www.indianalimestonecompany.com (158 words)

	Indiana's Geologic Economy
		Indiana limestone has been used for many applications, including building stone (notably, used in the Empire State Building), fertilizer lime, and gravel to name a few.
		Coal mining in Indiana has all but ceased in recent years, but, as in the case of some gravel pits, was once commonplace.
		Indiana oil was first pumped from Ordovician rocks in East-Central Indiana and from Devonian age rocks in Southwestern Indiana drilled in 1889.
	www.earlham.edu /~scottna/EconomicGeology.htm (885 words)

	American Limestone Company - Texas limestone, limestone veneer and cut stone.
		Limestone is virtually unparalleled in its ability to lend an air of refinement to a residence.
		Offering custom carved pieces and standardized Romanesque, Gothic, Classical and Modern limestone elements available with the ALC Solution, we are uniquely qualified to meet your house of worship's needs.
		Commercial properties can be taken from the ordinary to the extraordinary when clad with limestone.
	www.americanlimestone.com (141 words)

	Limestone as ‘something beautiful’
		On one visit to Indiana, she took Bloomington’s Vinegar Hill walking tour, along tree-lined streets with homes built between 1900 and 1940 by limestone quarry owners and stone carvers.
		“Indiana, and specifically the Bloomington area, provided the limestone that helped rebuild Chicago after the fire and created the hundreds of neoclassical civic buildings that were built after the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893.
		Indiana limestone provided the exteriors of such famous buildings as the Empire State Building, the Pentagon, Rockefeller Center and the Chicago Tribune Tower.
	www.indiana.edu /~ocmhp/100303/text/limestone.shtml (1100 words)

	Indiana Fast Facts and Trivia
		Deep below the earth in Southern Indiana is a sea of limestone that is one of the richest deposits of top-quality limestone found anywhere on earth.
		Indiana was part of the huge Northwest Territory, which included present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, which were ceded to the United States by the British at the end of the Revolutionary war.
		The Poet Laureate of Indiana, James Whitcomb Riley was born in a two-room log cabin in Greenfield.
	www.50states.com /facts/indiana.htm (1465 words)

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