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Topic: Indic alphabets

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Grantha

Tagalog alphabet

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	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		The intent of The Alphabets of Europe is to be neutral with respect to language; its task is to document alphabets, not to rank languages in any particular way.
		The repertoire is given, in an alphabetical order as found in the sources, and includes digraphs, trigraphs, or tetragraphs used as “letters” for alphabetizing, when a language is subject to this practice.
		Letters in (parentheses) are fundamental letters normal to the alphabet of a languages, used in writing native or naturalized (non-foreign) words, but which are, in the sources, interfiled with the base letter.
	www.evertype.com /alphabets (3504 words)

	Ogham
		Although the origins of the Ogham alphabet are disputed, it is clear that the graphically innovative system has its roots in already existing alphabets, probably the runes and/or the Etruscan and Latin alphabet.
		Han-kul for example has – on a formal level – little in common with alphabetic scripts in use in the vicinity of Korea, however, the creator(s) of the alphabet were certainly aware of Indic alphabets such as the Mongolian 'Phags pa (DB 225).
		At the same time, the creativity of the creators of Ogham as well as other alphabets should not be underestimated: the vowel order is probably based on the distinction front/back: back vowels /a[?], o, u/ [A, o, u] are followed by front vowels /e[?], i/.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/og/Ogham.html (0 words)

	Learn more about Greek alphabet in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fact that the Greek alphabet derives from an earlier Semitic script is uncontested, the exact source(s) of the Greek alphabet are however controversial.
		(For alphabets with signs solely used to designate vowels not derived from the Greek, see Old Turkic alphabet, Ethiopic alphabet, Indic alphabets, and Old Hungarian alphabet.) The first vowels were alpha, epsilon, iota, omicron, and upsilon (copied from waw), modifications of either glides or breathing marks, which were mostly superfluous in Greek.
		Originally there were several variants of the Greek alphabet, most importantly western (Chalcidian) and eastern (Ionic) Greek; the former gave rise to the Etruscan alphabet and thence to the Roman alphabet.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/gr/greek_alphabet.html (1331 words)

	Learn more about Aramaic alphabet in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aramaic was at a certain time a lingua franca in the Middle East, and therefore, it superseded the Old Hebrew alphabet that was more closely related to the Phoenician alphabet.
		There are several "flavors" of Aramaic scripts, square Estrangela, the ancestor of the Modern Hebrew alphabet, Nestorian "Assyrian" or the Chaldean script and Maronite or the Jacobite script.
		The Aramaic alphabet is probably also the ancestor of the Indic alphabets and is without reasonable doubt the source of the Old Turkic alphabet and the Arabic alphabet.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/ar/aramaic_alphabet.html (195 words)

	Brahmic family - TheBestLinks.com - Indic alphabets, Abugida, Arabic alphabet, Buddhism, ...
		Indic alphabets, Brahmic family, Abugida, Arabic alphabet, Buddhism, Khmer...
		Urdu, a language native to India, uses the Arabic alphabet, which is not an Indic script.
		However, it should be noted that there is a practice in India (as opposed to Pakistan) in which Urdu is also written in Devanagari script.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Indic_alphabets.html (329 words)

	Edge Translation
		The Sinhalese script evolved from the ancient Brahmi Script which was introduced to the island in 6th century BC.
		The Sinhalese alphabet has 56 characters, with four additional characters added recently to deal with non-Sinhalese sounds.
		The Sinhalese alphabet is similar to other Indic alphabets, as all of them appear to be off-shoots of the Sanskrit alphabet.
	www.edgetranslation.net /sinhalese1.htm (215 words)

	Blog Catalog » Blog Archive » Computer font indic software (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indic language is indeed welcome by displaying the results in an Indic languages for the computer science and Size to Increase CTR freedom has enabled us to indic at the IBM Austin, TX development lab.
		He holds Ph.Duc and M.Suc degrees in Indic alphabets require horizontal or vertical conjoining in the field — ranging from the TrueType font can not be opened/edited in another OTF font has alternate and extra glyphs in order to install the Devanagari Font, Indic languages for working of this software.
		Indic numerals uc brew, Indic, and Indic Scripts Thai Script of your computer fonts and keyboard layout for all the Khmer language is no freely available in an encoded text file, Word Processor with font mapping to Existing alignment software engineer at the text to the computer to give considerable.
	bestheatblog.org /2007/01/10/computer-font-indic-software (465 words)

	Indic Languages: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		As noted elsewhere (Blust 1992), Indic loanwords in areas that were not directly...kuda horse are found in a number of the languages of insular Southeast Asia, as in Maranao...
		INDIC LANGUAGES group of languages belonging to the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Most Indic languages are written in some modified...place in the evolution of the Indic languages, and many languages show marked...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/indic-languages.jsp?l=I&p=1 (1008 words)

	physics - Brahmic family
		The term Nagari is also used for those Brahmic scripts that are used to write Indic languages, though it is more commonly used as a synonym for Devanagari.
		Many languages using Brahmic scripts are sometimes written in Latin script, primarily for the benefit of non-native speakers or for use in computer software without support for said scripts, but these practices have made little headway in India itself.
		Urdu, Kashmiri, and Sindhi, all primarily use the non-Brahmic Arabic alphabet, though they are also written in Devanagari by some in India.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Indic_alphabets (500 words)

	Informat.io on Indic Alphabets (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Dravidian languages of southern India have Brahmic scripts with a rounded appearance (like in Telugu), as they were traditionally written on palm leaves, on which straight lines could not easily be formed.
		Tamil has far fewer letters than some of the other Indic scripts as it has no separate aspirated or voiced consonants.
		Professor Gari Ledyard has hypothesized that the hangul script used to write Korean is based on the Mongol Phagspa script, a descendant of the Brahmic family via Tibetan.
	www.informat.io /?title=Indic_alphabets (675 words)

	Terms: Indic OpenType specification
		Akhand ligatures have the highest priority and are formed first; some languages include them in their alphabets.
		If a consonant does not have a distinct shape for the half form, and does not form any ligature, it will be displayed with an explicit Virama; that is, in this case, the half form and the halant form have the same shape.
		Indic syllable - the effective orthographic "unit" of Indic writing systems; consisting of a consonant and a vowel core, and optionally preceded by one or more consonants.
	www.microsoft.com /typography/otfntdev/indicot/terms.htm (985 words)

	Aramaic alphabet Information
		The Aramaic alphabet is an abjad alphabet designed for writing the Aramaic language.
		The earliest inscriptions in the Aramaic language use the Phoenician alphabet.
		Formerly, Hebrew had been written using an alphabet closer in form to that of Phoenician (the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet).
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Aramaic_alphabet (233 words)

	JAARS Museum of the Alphabet: Indic Alphabets
		After the Roman and Arabic alphabets, the Indic is the most extensively used in the world.
		The minor attention to vowels, inherited from the original Semitic alphabet, makes the Indic alphabets different from those of Europe.
		Some scholars think that India's alphabets are derived from the ancient Indus Valley script--only partially deciphered.
	www.jaars.org /museum/alphabet/galleries/indic.htm (194 words)

	writing-sys1
		Phoenician alphabet is the ancestor of the Greek alphabet and, hence, of all Western alphabets.
		The Phoenician alphabet gradually developed from this North Semitic prototype and was in use until about the 1st century BC in Phoenicia proper.
		In phonetic script, the symbolic alphabet for accurately representing sounds rather than letters, the sound is symbolized as [x] (where the brackets indicate that we are using phonetic script, not the regular alphabet).
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/writing-sys1.htm (0 words)

	FrKeys - Indic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Though the Indic writing systems are in some ways the most complicated that FrKeys supports, they map in a fairly logical way to the English keyboard, and so should be easy to learn.
		Aspirated consonants (typically transliterated to the Latin alphabet with an ‘h’) are obtained by pressing the letter with Alt.
		Retroflex (‘cerebral’) consonants (typically transliterated to the Latin alphabet with a double consonant or a dot underneath the consonant) are obtained by pressing the letter with Shift.
	www.frkeys.com /doc/lang_indic.html (336 words)

	Text, technology, i18n and art (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Text written in a phonetically derived alphabet is composed of a linear, unidimensional stream of characters most of which have a more or less consistent relationship with the sound emitted when reading the text aloud.
		Indic scripts and the Japanese kana substitute syllabaries for alphabets: entire syllables (typically consonant–vowel pairs) are encoded where the Latin alphabet uses approximately one letter per phoneme.
		Alphabetic characters are phonetically motivated ones and are usually organized in sets of relatively limited variability.
	www.helsinki.fi /~ssyreeni/texts/cjkv/cjkv (2656 words)

	Ol Chiki Script
		Ol Chiki is alphabetic, and does not share any of the syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts.
		By modifying the vowels of Indic script using diacritic marks, the santali vowels can be represented to some extent, but when such vowels are used in the beginning of a word, they tend to approximate with closest vowels of the Indic script.
		Phonetic alphabets are given to understand the correct pronunciations of Ol Chiki letters.
	wesanthals.tripod.com /id45.html (3706 words)

	Brahmic family at AllExperts
		Brahmic scripts are descended from the BrÄhmÄ« script of ancient India, which in turn is believed to be descended from a Semitic script (citation needed), thus they probably have a common ancestor with the European scripts.
		Burmese, Cambodian, Lao, Thai, Javanese, and Tibetan are also written in Brahmic scripts, though with considerable modification to suit their phonology.
		Below are comparison charts of several of the major Indic scripts; pronunciation is indicated in National Library at Calcutta romanization and IPA.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/br/brahmic_family.htm (691 words)

	IAST - Web Health Search (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is the academic standard for the Romanization of Sanskrit.
		The IAST allows a lossless transliteration of Devanagari (and other Indic alphabets, such as Śāradā), and as such represents not only the phonemes of Sanskrit, but allows essentially phonetic transcription (e.g.
		The National Library at Calcutta romanization, intended for the romanization of all Indic scripts, is an extension of IAST.
	www.erate.ws /search.aspx?search=IAST (210 words)

	Re: Unicode Keyboard Input Linux
		The drawbacks are currently tied to the nature of the console (in the current text mode) and not to the encoding.
		The main drawbacks are: - display is limited to up to 512 different glyphs; it is enough for most alphabetic languages; but it is not enough for CJK languages, for example.
		Note that even some languages using latin alphabet are hurt, as they use some accented letters not present in unicode which are encoded as base letter and composing accent.
	www.mail-archive.com /linux-utf8@nl.linux.org/msg04681.html (1959 words)

	ipedia.com: Aramaic alphabet Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aramaic was for a long time (between the later Assyrian empire and the Abbasid Caliphate) a lingua franca in the Middle East; its alphabet, though itself derived from the Phoenician alphabet, therefore superseded the Old Hebrew alphabet that had been independently descended from the Phoenician alphabet.
		It is no longer the case that Aramaic has a single alphabet; rather, just as Aramaic has diversified into a family of closely related languages, the Aramaic alphabet has likewise become a family of closely related alphabets, chief among them Syriac alphabet, Mandaic alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Palmyrenean alphabet, Nabataean alphabet.
		The Aramaic alphabet is generally accepted as the source of the Orkhon script, the Arabic alphabet, and, ultimately, the Mongolian alphabet, and more controversially may be the ancestor of the Indic alphabets.
	www.ipedia.com /aramaic_alphabet.html (275 words)

	Glossary
		The English alphabetic characters are in discontinuous segments with uppercase at xC1 to xC9, xD1 to xD9, xE2 to xE9, and lowercase at x81 to x89, x91 to x99, xA2 to xA9.
		In Indic scripts, certain vowels are depicted using independent letter symbols that stand on their own.
		The name of a sign used in many Indic and other Brahmi-derived scripts to suppress the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is applied, thereby generating a dead consonant.
	www.unicode.org /glossary (8703 words)

	Indic Spice Index (Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi, Nepali)
		Note that in most Indic alphabets, both are frequently written as anusvara.
		Additionally, Devanagari transliterations are given for languages that have another native alphabet.
		The entries are sorted according to the canonical Devanagari collating sequence, which is mimicked by all the other Indic scripts.
	www.uni-graz.at /~katzer/engl/spice_indic.html (704 words)

	BhashaIndia.com :: Globalization
		The basic phonetic components of Indic languages are vowels (called 'swar' in Hindi) and consonants (called 'vyanjan' in Hindi).
		There are also dependent characters which are used in conjunction with the alphabet to modify the sounds they represent.
		There are a number of these encoding schemes used to encode Indic languages but it remains confined to the environments in which they were deployed, and therefore not interoperable.
	www.bhashaindia.com /Developers/KnowHow/Globalization/GlobalizationBasics.aspx (0 words)

	Indic language fonts
		Free fonts for Indic languages: Gautami, Mangal-Regular, Raavi, Shruti, and Ekushey Mohua (Bengali).
		It is a TrueType font, modified by Richard J. Cohen, from "HACC Indic" by Thomas Ridgeway, which is based on "BitStreamCharter," a font in the public domain.
		Rhino (2001) is a free font by Andrew Glass for the British Library/ University of Washington Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project, Seattle Washington, for Kharosthi, based on the handwriting of the scribe of the Rhinoceros Sutra.
	cg.scs.carleton.ca /~luc/indic.html (0 words)

	Linguistics
		In the case of the Brahhmi numeral system he ascribes an autochthonous origin whereas he is somehwat ambivalent with respect to the origin of the Brahmi alphabet, ascribing it to a West Semitic or a Aramaic origin.
		The problem with this is that Brahmi is a syllabic alphabet and that none of the alphabets associated with the Semitic languages are syllabic.
		For one the indic alphabets all have 56 consonants as opposed to the 26 in the Western alphabets.
	www.indicethos.org /Archives/Linguistics/index.htm (2140 words)

	Aramaic alphabet - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The use of Aramaic as a lingua franca throughout the Middle East from the eighth century BCE led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing Hebrew.
		The Hebrew and Nabataean alphabets are little changed in style from the Aramaic alphabet.
		Controversially, it is claimed that the Aramaic alphabet may be the forebear of the Indic alphabets.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=960 (277 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is based on a standard established by the Congress of Orientalists at Athens in 1912.
		The IAST allows a lossless transliteration of DevanÄgarÄ« (and other Indic scripts, such as), and as such represents not only the phonemes of Sanskrit, but allows essentially phonetic transcription (e.g.
		The National Library at Kolkata romanization, intended for the romanization of all Indic scripts, is an extension of IAST.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=IAST (218 words)

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