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Topic: Indiction

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	Dates and Dating
		In any case it remains certain and is admitted by all serious writers upon diplomatics that the mere fact that an erroneous date occurs in a document, especially when we are dealing with the earlier Middle Ages, cannot by itself be accepted as a proof, or even a presumption, of the spuriousness of the document.
		The indiction was a cycle of fifteen years, the first of these cycles being conceived to have started at a point three years before the beginning of the present Christian Era.
		Concurrently with the year of the indiction it was customary both in papal and imperial documents to mention the regnal year of the pope or emperor.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/d/dates_and_dating.html (1992 words)

	indiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The indictions themselves were not numbered, that is, writers did not refer to “the Third Indiction” or the “Tenth Indiction.” In other words, simply knowing an event occurred “in the seventh year of the indiction” is not enough to fix the actual date; it might be 15, 30, 45, etc. years earlier or later.
		The indiction originated in the reign of Constantine as a sort of “financial year” of the later Roman Empire, and was used for levying taxes.
		This indiction is the one Scaliger used in defining the Julian Period, and was used in papal bulls from the 9th to the 14th century.
	www.sizes.com /time/indiction1.htm (497 words)

	Indiction (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An indiction is any of the years in a 15-year cycle used to date medieval documents.
		Each year was numbered: first indiction, second indiction, etc. However, the cycles were not numbered, thus other information is needed to identify the specific year.
		Indictions originally referred to an agricultural or land tax in late third-century Roman Egypt.
	indiction.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (303 words)

	Indiction - OrthodoxWiki
		Indiction is a term given to identify an era or epoch of years of the calendar that was first used in the late third century to date agricultural and land tax cycles in Roman Egypt.
		In the eastern Roman Empire, in the Greek or Constantinopolitan Indictions the first day (of the new year) of the indiction year was established initially as September 23, which was the birthday of Augustus.
		In the west, the Imperial or Western Indictions September 24 was adopted as the beginning of the year, apparently based upon calculations under the authority of the Venerable Bede.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Indiction (443 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: General Chronology
		Unlike the Olympiads, the indictions themselves were not numbered, but only the place of a year in the indiction in which it fell.
		Thus indictione quartâ; signifies not "in the fourth indiction", but "in the fourth year of its indiction", whatever this was.
		The Roman, Papal, or Pontifical Indictions, introduced in the ninth century, made the series start from the first day of the civil year, which was in some cases 25 December, in others 1 January.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03738a.htm (4089 words)

	Indiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Indiction can be calculated by taking the remainder of the year plus 2 divided by 15 and adding 1 to it.
		For example: the Indiction for the year 1999 is 7 [(1999 + 2) mod 15 + 1 = 7].
		This was January 1 of the year -4712; the most recent year for which the Indiction was 1, the Golden Number was I (1), and the Solar Number was 1 too.
	utopia.knoware.nl /users/eprebel/Calendar/Tables/Indiction.html (91 words)

	Beginning Of The Indiction
		It is commonly held that Saint Constantine the Great introduced the Indiction decrees in A.D. 312, after he beheld the sign of the Cross in heaven and vanquished Maxentius and was proclaimed Emperor in the West.
		This Indiction is indicated in their own hand on the decrees they issue, without the numeration of the fifteen years.
		This Indiction begins on the 1st of September and is observed with special ceremony in the Church.
	www.iconograms.org /sig.php?eid=188 (547 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.06.37
		Chapter Three discusses the development of the indiction system after the first cycle, especially the shift of the indiction year to the early summer.
		They defend their date for the altered New Year on the basis of receipts for grain at the river harbors, and on the consistency of this shift with the Egyptian division of the year into three four-month seasons (a shift of one season precisely), and on the use of this division by the Roman administration.
		In Chapter Four B. explode the previous theories proposed to explain the use of 'archei' (in/at the beginning) and 'telei' (in/at the end) in reference to the indiction as it appears in the papyri.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-06-37.html (1386 words)

	QI Talk Forum \| View topic - Calendars
		An indiction was originally a period of 15 years during which the accounts of the Roman Empire were meant to be balanced and this handy accounting figure was also used as the timing or the appointment of some of the legislature and judiciary.
		The idea of indictions was said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great and certainly this method of counting time was in widespread use within a few years of his death, particularly amongst the Eastern emperors at Constantinople.
		However indictions do seem to be counted from 312 (which is also one of the estimates for the number of bishops at the First Council of Nicaea) although I'm having trouble finding out it that's anything to do with the battle of the Milvian bridge.
	www.qi.com /talk/viewtopic.php?t=453 (3140 words)

	Note on Dating, Diocese of Vic by Paul Freedman
		In this case, four versions of the date are given, three of which agree on 1101 (regnal year, incarnation year, and the era), whereas the indiction is the equivalent of 1100.
		Kehr, in effect, favors the indiction number for the election of Arnau while ignoring it for the Council of Girona.
		Accepting this chronology would mean ignoring the indiction year for both the donation of the castles and the election of Arnau, which is exactly what Fita proposed in his article on Bishop Guillem.
	libro.uca.edu /vic/date.htm (764 words)

	Dating Manuscripts
		The Indictions initiated with the (pagan) Emperor Diocletian, who imposed a fifteen-year cycle of property taxes.
		Indictions ranged from 1 to 15, and the year September 1, 312-August 31, 313 was indiction 1.
		If the remainder is zero, the indiction is fifteen; otherwise, the indiction is the remainder.
	www.skypoint.com /~waltzmn/MSDating.html (640 words)

	John Skylitzes, Synopsis Historion, Excerpt 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Several systems were calculated and used by Byzantine authors, to whom the indiction, which ran from 1 September to 31 August (below), was the standard measurement of time.
		Initially an extraordinary tax, the indiction was regularized on a yearly basis by Diocletian, having a five year cycle.
		In order to calculate the indiction according to the AD dating system, add 3 to the total and divide by 15, to the next whole number (without fractions).
	homepage.mac.com /paulstephenson/trans/scyl2.html (228 words)

	The Career of Robert Guiscard
		This year in the month of January there was a great slaughter in the city of Brindisi; for while the Normans wanted to capture it, forty of them were captured, along with forty-three others, their sergeants; and the heads of all these men were sent off to the [Byzantine] Emperor.
		This year a certain nephew [grandson?] of the King of Africa was captured by Roger, Duke Robert's brother, who was in charge of Sicily, with a hundred and fifty ships in the city of Mazara.
		This year the city of Salerno was besieged by Robert [Guiscard], the Duke of the Normans, and taken by him.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/robertguiscard.htm (1359 words)

	September
		Writing it "Indiction" the Kings of Constantinople preserved the word, while the patriarchs in later years employed the word epinemesis, which means "distribution".
		By multiplying the 52 full Indictions and adding the 4 years of the 53rd one arrives at the number 784, that is 581 years from Christ and 3 more.
		And this is the "Beginning of the Indiction", and the reason for its cycle of fifteen years.
	www.anastasis.org.uk /septembe.htm (5726 words)

	1 September Matins & Liturgy
		Typika and Beatitudes, and from the Canons of the Indiction and the Saint from Odes 3 and 6.
		The Canons, of the Resurrection and of the Indiction.
		Kontakion of the Indiction [Or, of the Resurrection, the Indiction, the Saint, the Church and the Mother of God.] Apostle, Gospel and Communion of the Indiction [Or, of the Indiction and the Saint.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /ephrem/sep01ml.htm (6672 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Constantine the Great, who was first proclaimed Emperor at York in 306, issued his first Indiction to date from 1 September 312, the year in which he invaded Italy to attack Maxentius.
		Fifteen years after the start of his first Indiction, on 1 September 327, he issued a new Indiction of fifteen years' duration and the practice developed of dating legal documents in fifteen-year rather than five-year cycles, starting always on 1 September.
		The practice of numbering indictions in fifteen-year cycles was continued by Constantine's sons and carried on in Byzantium until its fall in 1453.
	www.physiol.usyd.edu.au /~johny/indictions.html (369 words)

	Indiction - definition from Biology-Online.org
		Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops.
		The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 a.
		The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Indiction (248 words)

	PFC: PTime
		Be that as it may, the key feature of the year 4713 BC is that it was the most recent year in which the Indiction, the Golden Number, and the Solar Number were all 1.
		Note that, for computational purposes, the year 4713 BC is considered to be the year -4712 since the Gregorian calendar has no year 0 and skips directly from 1 BC to 1 AD.
		The year 313 AD was, thus, the first Indiction year 1; however, for calendar purposes, Scalinger projected the Indication backward in time from its origin to find the year 4713 BC.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/price000/pfc/htm/ptime.html (861 words)

	CELT: Annála Connacht (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Famine in Connacht this year, and its churches and lay properties were plundered and its clerics and men of skill driven to far foreign regions, having been exposed to cold and hunger through the war of Ruaidri's sons at this time.
		Aed O hEgra king of Leyney was killed by Donnchad son of Duarcan O hEgra—a house was fired over his head and he was killed in the doorway—when he came out to avenge his brother and five sons of his father's brother, whom he had killed, and his other brother, whom he had blinded.
		Tadc son of Aed mac Cathail Chrobdeirg was blinded and emasculated by Cu Chonnacht O Raigillig at the feast of St. Berach on Inis na Connire in Loch Allen, after having been in custody since the feast of St. Martin.
	www.ucc.ie:8080 /cocoon/celt/T100011?text=full (16485 words)

	Indiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These were originally in 5-year cycles beginning in 287, then in a non-cyclic series which reached number 26 by 318.
		Both of these were years of the Alexandrian calendar whose first day was Thoth 1 on August 29 in years preceding common Julian years and August 30 in years preceding leap years, hence each straddled two Julian years.
		Leo Depuydt, "AD 297 as the beginning of the first indiction cycle", The bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 24 (1987): 137-9.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indiction (401 words)

	History & info - the Christian calendar (Julian)
		The Indiction was used in the middle ages to specify the position of a year in a 15 year taxation cycle.
		The Imperial Indiction or Indiction of Constantine, which started on 24 September.
		Well, in 4713 B.C.E. the Indiction (see above), the Golden Number (see section on Easter) and the Solar Number (see above) were all 1.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-christian.html/B></A> (2185 words)

	indiction - OneLook Dictionary Search
		indiction : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Indiction : Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy [home, info]
		Phrases that include indiction: cycle of indiction, indiction cycle
	www.onelook.com /?w=indiction (170 words)

	Calendar FAQ v1.6 -- Part 2
		The Indiction may be calculated thus: Indiction = (year + 2) % 15 + 1 The Indiction has no astronomical significance.
		Three different Indictions may be identified: 1) The Pontifical or Roman Indiction, which started on New Year's Day (being either 25 December, 1 January, or 25 March).
		Well, in 4713 BC the Indiction (see section 2.11), the Golden Number (see section 2.9.3) and the Solar Number (see section 2.4) were all 1.
	mysite.verizon.net /bonniehill/pages.aux/astrology/cal.FAQ.2.html (3770 words)

	Curious About Astronomy: How was the starting point for the Julian Date system chosen?
		The first indiction cycle began on 1 September 327.
		According to the 6th century scholar Dionysius Exiquus, the year of Christ's birth was the 9th year of solar cycle, the first year of the Metatonic cycle, and the third year of the Indiction cycle.
		If the year where each cycle was in its first year was the first year of the Julian period, then the year of Christ's birth would be year JD 4713, making the first year 4713 BC (in the Julian calendar).
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /question.php?number=88 (489 words)

	Byzantine invasion of Italy
		Vitigis was still lingering in the siege of Rome when the Master of the Soldiery John, together with the illustrious Batzas, Conon, Paul and Rema and a large well-equipped army, neared Italy and pitched camp at Portus Romanus, and then came to the assistance of hard-pressed Rome.
		While Narses was encamped at Ariminum, Belisarius took Urbinum in surrender, as well as Urbs Vetus and the island of Lake Bolsena, on his way to Rome to spend the winter.
		While Belisarius was stationed in the East, John the patrician and Praetorian Prefect, formerly consul, was exiled and his house given to Belisarius.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/marcellinus.htm (1907 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Ser. II, Vol. XII: The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the ...
		But the Emperor’s hold on Italy was limited and precarious, a large portion of it being already occupied by the Lombards, whose first invasion, under Alboin, had been in 568: and accordingly Gregory, writing in the thirteenth Indiction (a.d.
		In the course of this indiction (on the 12th of March, a.d.
		His diplomatic and practical talents, and his unwearied industry, have been already spoken of, and need no further notice in this brief final survey, the intention of which is to view him rather in his character as a saint and a divine.
	www.sacred-texts.com /chr/ecf/212/2120230.htm (4342 words)

	Amazon.com: indiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SIM V: Surgical indictions monitoring with adult criteria by Randolph W Seed (Unknown Binding - 1991)
		The indiction cycle by Sidney P Goodrich (Unknown Binding - 1937)
		The Great Indiction is the 532 year period...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=indiction&tag=dragoncon&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (675 words)

	September 1 - New Year
		But yet today is the Beginning of the Indiction or proclamation.
		Today is referred to as "The Beginning of the Indiction" (i.e.
		The Indiction is the proclamation of the Good News to the poor.
	www.stathanasius.org /bible/sept_1_2000.html (3919 words)

	CUF.org :: Catholics United for the Faith
		In his Bull of Indiction of the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, John Paul II outlines how we can enter fully into the mystery of the Church during this year of grace.
		In his Bull of Indiction, John Paul II explains the rich signs "which attest to the faith and foster the devotion of the Christian people"[1] for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000.
		There should be no more postponement of the time when the poor Lazarus can sit beside the rich man to share the same banquet and be forced no more to feed on the scraps that fall from the table (cf.
	www.cuf.org /FaithFacts/details_view.asp?ffID=85 (2315 words)

	Rubrics: The Indiction / St. Symeon the Stylite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At Lord I have Cried: Resurrection 4; Indiction 3; Saint 3; G: Indiction; N: Sunday Dogmatic in the tone of the week
		After Ode 3, Kontakion of the Indiction, Kontakion and Ikos of the Saint; Sessional hymn of the Saint, G/N: Indiction.
		At the Hours: Troparia: Resurrection; G: Indiction and Saint alternating; Kontakion: Indiction, Resurrection, and Saint, alternating.
	pages.prodigy.net /frjohnwhiteford/rub/rub_indictionsun.htm (254 words)

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