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Topic: Indirect hemagglutination

	indirect object - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about indirect object (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In grammar, the noun phrase or pronoun that is the indirect recipient of the action of a transitive verb (‘He brought me a flower’).
		There can be no indirect object without a direct object in the sentence.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /indirect+object (98 words)

	Detection, Diagnosis and Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test is basically an indirect fluorescent antibody test except that an artificial matrix of cellulose acetate discs is used as a substrate for antigen and the test results are scanned and recorded by a fluorometer.
		In the indirect DAS-ELISA, rabbit NP antibody and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobin were used as primary and secondary antibodies, respectively.
		The indirect DAS-ELISA was evaluated for its ability to detect the AIV antigen in tracheal and cloacal specimens from turkeys inoculated with AIV.
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/aflu/Tests.htm (9119 words)

	Human leptospirosis in 1994 in Seychelles
		An indirect hemagglutination assay for detection of human antibody to the genus Leptospira was negative; microscopic examination of three sputum specimens revealed no acid-fast bacilli and 3 blood cultures were reported as sterile.
		An indirect hemagglutination assay for detection of human antibody to the genus Leptospira was reported as weakly positive.
		An indirect hemagglutination assay for Leptospira was negative and 2 blood cultures remained sterile.
	www.seychelles.net /smdj/96issue/original_articles2.htm (3827 words)

	ELISA and other tests in the diagnosis of Pasteurella infection in camels
		Camel; Pasteurella multocida; Indirect hemagglutination; Dot immunobinding assay; Serum ELISA; Nasal discharge ELISA;
		Indirect hemagglutination test (IH) showed higher PM antibody titers in the serum of clinical cases reached 1:512 in 17.2% of the clinical cases against 0% in contact apparently healthy camels.
		Positive and negative control sera were included based on the history of the animal, isolation of PM from the animal and indirect hemagglutination test (IH) results (Hawkes et al.
	www.priory.com /vet/camel.htm (4338 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Immunology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hemagglutination is the use of this property to test for blood types; anti-A Ab anti-B Ab, and a mixture of anti-A and anti-B Ab are added to aliquots of a blood sample, and the clumping (agglutination) indicates the blood type.
		The indirect antiglobulin test is also called an antibody screen.
		In this test, a few drops of patient serum is placed in a small test tube with a drop of reagent red blood cells and checked to see if there is an antigen-antibody reaction.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Immunology (8955 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Isolation rates have been as high as 86% in patients not receiving antibiotics at the time of culture, with as little as 5 ml of blood incubated at a high (1:4) blood-to-broth ratio in an unsupplemented broth bottle.
		Because seropositivity reflects evidence of infection rather than actual disease, complement fixation, hemagglutination, and fluorescent antibody tests are primarily used for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis.
		The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test is considered to be more specific than the complement fixation tests.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter23/laboratory.htm (504 words)

	Type and Screen - Definition, Purpose, Description, Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal results
		If hemagglutination, or clumping, occurs, the antibody is identified.
		This test is sometimes called an indirect antiglobulin or Coombs test.
		If an antibody to an antigen is present, the mixture will cause agglutination (clumping) of the red blood cells or cause hemolysis (breaking of the red cell membrane).
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /St-Wr/Type-and-Screen.html (3034 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Sera from 9,254 individuals that presented at one of three outpatient clinics in Quito, Ecuador were assayed by indirect hemagglutination for the presence of antibodies reactive with antigens from Taenia solium cysts.
		Indirect hemagglutination - Crude extracts of T. solium cysts isolated from porcine muscle were prepared by homogenization in a glass tissue grinder in physiological saline at 4 C. Cysts were further disrupted by sonication using five bursts for min each on ice, with five min rests in between treatments.
		For analysis by indirect hemagglutination, antigen coated erythrocytes were placed into the wells of microtiter plates (96 well) containing diluted patient serum and the anti-T.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc95146 (1628 words)

	Evidence of Colonization of Man-made Ecotopes by Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) in Costa Rica
		Eleven dogs were examined serologically by three different tests (ELISA, Polychaco; indirect hemagglutination, Bio-Merieux; and indirect immuno-florescence) and two were found positive in all tests, and one was positive in only one test (ELISA).
		Opossums are frequent visitors to the property and one of them was captured by one of the dogs that was kept outside the kennel during the night.
		The inhabitants of the house, three adults and two children (10 and 14 years old) were all serologically negative to the ELISA test and to the indirect hemagglutination test.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /965/4233.html (1271 words)

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		The accumulation of kappa chain mRNA was markedly suppressed by inhibitors of DNA or protein synthesis such as hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside and cycloheximide.
		Type-specific indirect hemagglutinating antibody in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection.
		Indirect hemagglutination with the extracts indicated specific reactivity with sera from rabbits immunized with homologous serotypes of P. aeruginosa.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-polysaccharide/polysaccharide-research-abs4.175.html (970 words)

	CRORA : RESUME DES PUBLICATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		IgG and IgM antibodies became demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence on days 7 to 9 of illness in 35 survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
		In some patients titers of IgG increased markedly between 2 and 4 months after onset of illness and remained readily demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence 3 years after infection.
		Techniques for demonstrating antibody were (in order of decreasing sensitivity) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reversed passive hemagglutination-inhibition, indirect immunofluorescence, fluorescent-focus reduction, complement-fixation, and immunodiffusion.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/banques/CRORA/res11/re6380.htm (178 words)

	Custom Chicken Antibodies IgY - Gallus Immunotech
		Using an indirect hemagglutination assay we tested sera from 94 healthy normal White Leghorn (NWL) and 117 Obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis for the presence of "natural" antibodies against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens expressed on red blood cells (RBC).
		In both groups older animals had a significantly increased frequency of such antibodies, but the titer was age-independent.
		The specificity of natural antibodies for MHC-encoded antigens was investigated in indirect immunofluorescence tests including absorption experiments with RBC and white blood cells (WBC).
	www.gallusimmunotech.com /papers/paper65.htm (196 words)

	Combined role of casoni test and indirect haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of hydatid disease Ray R, De PK, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indirect haemagglutination test with 'tanned' red blood cells as the inert carrier particles of antigen, was performed adopting the technique of Boyden.7 For uniform results, the antigen was standardised prior to use in the IHA Test.
		In the remaining cases, a straightforward diagnosis of hydatid disease could not be made either because surgery was not done or results of surgery were not available.
		The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test has been preferred since its introduction by Garabedian and associates by virtue of its simplicity and sensitivity and is a valuable method for the serodiagnosis of HD.
	www.ijmm.org /article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2002;volume=20;issue=2;spage=79;epage=82;aulast=Ray (1806 words)

	MUSC Digestive Disease Center - Case Studies
		Amebic serology (Indirect Haemagglutination test) was positive (1:1024).
		Liver functions are sometimes abnormal and the commonest abnormality being raised alkaline phosphatase and low albumin.
		A number of sero-diagnostic tests are available but indirect hemagglutination test is most commonly used because of high sensitivity and specificity.
	www.ddc.musc.edu /ddc_pro/pro_development/case_studies/case022.htm (866 words)

	Hardy Diagnostics: Glossary
		Indirect fluorescent antibody; test that detects antibody by allowing an antibody to react with its substrate and adding a second fluorescein dye-labelled antibody that will bind to the first.
		In addition to improved specificity with the removal of operator subjectivity, the quantifiability of results through computer data analysis of color, intensity and concentration has only begun to be realized.
		However, in the indirect IP instead of fluorescent dye-antibody conjugates, enzyme-antibody conjugated (principally peroxidase enzymes) are reacted with their corresponding substrates to produce a product which can be seen with a light microscope, eliminating the requirement for costly fluorescent microscopic equipment.
	www.hardydiagnostics.com /Glossary-I.html (2464 words)

	Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th edition, 2004
		The direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests are the most effective of the various serological methods for identifying most mycoplasmas (29).
		Seroconversion to Mccp in experimentally infected animals is observed, by the complement fixation (CF) test and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test, to start 7-9 days after the appearance of clinical signs, to peak between days 22 and 30, and to decline rapidly thereafter (26).
		Cho H. J., Ruhnke H.L. and Langford E.V. The indirect haemagglutination test for detection of antibodies in cattle naturally infected with mycoplasmas.
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/A_00072.htm (6679 words)

	Cytomegalovirus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The result can be used to determine if acute infection, prior infection, or passively acquired maternal antibody in an infant is present.
		Other tests include various fluorescence assays, indirect hemagglutination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and latex agglutination.
		An ELISA technique for CMV-specific IgM is available, but may give false-positive results unless steps are taken to remove rheumatoid factor or most of the IgG antibody before the serum sample is tested.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cytomegalovirus (2512 words)

	Turkish Respiratory Journal
		Echinococcal indirect hemagglutination titres greater than 1:320; Weinberg complement fixation titres greater than 1:32; eosinophilia more than 500 eosinophils per cubic meter was considered to be significant (5).
		In hydatid disease, serologic studies may sometimes give negative results in 35% of the cases (15-17).
		In some of the literature, indirect hemagglutination rate is as low as 50% and some serological tests are even more negative, if pulmonary involvement does not exist (5).
	www.turkishrespiratoryjournal.com /text.php3?id=48 (1798 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Latex agglutination (11-12), indirect hemagglutination (12-14), complemant fixation (15-17), microagglutination (15), indirect fluorescent antibody techniques (12,13), line blot and immunoblot analysis (2,4) are examples of indirect diagnostic methods.
		J Infect Dis 153(1):132-135, 1986 Raoult D, Heckemy KE, Chaudet H: Serology of Mediterrenean Spotted Fever: Kinetic of antibodies detected by 3 methods: indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination.
		J Clin Microbiol 8(2): 189-196, 1978 Shirai A, Dietel JW, Ostermann JV: Indirect hemagglutination test for human antibody to typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae.
	www.akdeniz.edu.tr /tip/mbiyoloji/ric.doc (1462 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: A Comparison of Four Serologic Tests to Detect Antibodies to Toxoplasma Gondii in ...
		In the present study, sera from 146 (60 from 2003, and 86 from 2004) T. truncatus from the coastal areas of South Carolina and Florida were tested for antibodies to T. gondii.
		Sera from 2003 were tested by the MAT, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), and an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT).
		All 60 dolphins were seropositive with MAT titers of 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 19, 1:80 in 29, 1:160 in 2, 1:1,280 in 3, 1:2,560 in 2, and 1:5,120 or higher in 2 and these results were confirmed in another laboratory.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=177502 (412 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever : Article by Allon Amitai, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indirect immunofluorescence has a sensitivity of 94-100% and a specificity of 100%.
		Indirect immunofluorescence is the most commonly used serologic test.
		Indirect hemagglutination has a sensitivity of 71-94% and a specificity of 96-99%; 1:128 titers are diagnostic.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic510.htm (2928 words)

	Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 4th edition, 2000
		The direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests are the most effective of the various serological methods for identifying most mycoplasmas (27).
		Acute cases caused by Mccp rarely show positive titres to the organism before death (21, 25, 36), perhaps because antibodies are 'eclipsed' by circulating mycoplasma antigens (25).
		Seroconversion to Mccp in experimentally infected animals is observed by the complement fixation (CF) test and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test to start 7-9 days after the appearance of clinical signs, to peak between days 22 and 30, and to decline rapidly thereafter (25).
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/ancien_manuel/A_00066.htm (6311 words)

	Serodiagnosis of Chronic Chagas Infection by Using EIE-Recombinant-Chagas-Biomanguinhos Kit
		Evaluation was performed with 368 serum samples collected from individuals living in an endemic area for Chagas disease: 131 patients in the chronic phase with confirmed clinical, epidemiological, and serological diagnosis (indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and 237 nonchagasic seronegative individuals were considered negative control.
		Diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease is based on the detection of parasite by indirect parasitological methods (xenodiagnosis and hemoculture) or more usually on the detection of IgG antibodies against T.
		The methods based on detection of the parasite, although highly specific, are of limited sensitivity, because parasites are detected in only 20-50% of individuals known to be infected, resulting in many false negative results (Gomes 1997).
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /964/4117.html (893 words)

	Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo - Decay of antibody isotypes against early developmental stages ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Serum samples were also assayed by the indirect hemagglutination test utilizing fresh worm antigen
		In the study of antibody decay, serum samples from the 27 patients were divided into two groups: 14 (group A) were assayed by 8 types of immunofluorescence (IF) tests and the remaining 13 (group B) by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test because of the low volume of serum available.
		The overall serologic data showed that all 14 patients in group A presented antibody decay for at least one of the 8 tests, 4 (29%) of them presented antibody decay in one or two tests, 7 (50%) in 4 to 6 tests, and 3 (21%) in 7 or 8 tests.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46651997000500005 (3951 words)

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		A dry polyvalent erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostic preparation for arboviruses of Group B may be prepared to be used in the indirect hemagglutination test.
		The preparation detects antigens of arboviruses of this group in the tissue culture fluid and in suckling mouse brain tissue treated with sucrose-acetone.
		Inhibition of hemagglutination by species-specific immune globulins to individual members of Group B arboviruses permits typing of tick-borne encephalitis birus only.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-sucrose/sucrose-research-abs4.418.html (1031 words)

	KoreaMed - Basic Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the human host, especially the congenital type gives rise to serious complications and sequelae such as blindness and hydrocephalus.
		Serological tests such as Sabin-Feldman dye test, indirect hemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, indirect latex agglutination test, agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and detection of circulating antigens or antibodies are popularly used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
		In Korea, several local surveys during the past 20-30 years have shown that the antibody positive rates of patients in general hospitals ranged from 1.9% to 7.2%.
	www.koreamed.org /SearchBasic.php?RID=97395&DT=1&QY=%22Korean+J++Parasitol%22+%5BJTI%5D+AND+1990+%5BDPY%5D (151 words)

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		Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Howie VM, Schultz L, Doyle N, Kaplan M. By using indirect hemagglutination, the antibody responses of normal infants and children to an octavalent pneumococcal vaccine that contained pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, and 23 were evaluated.
		By 2 years of age, there was a significant rise in hemagglutination titers to all the polysaccharide types, except type 19.
		By 6 to 8 months of age, five of the eight types of pneumococcal polysaccharides tested resulted in up to 60% responders and, by 2 years, a significant number responded to all pneumococcal polysaccharide types in the vaccine.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-polysaccharide/polysaccharide-research-abs4.1191.html (915 words)

	Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) Serology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The FTA may be used to resolve discrepancies between laboratory results and clinical impressions.
		Reliability of the treponemal hemagglutination test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis.
		Specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility among the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies, and the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis.
	www.aruplab.com /guides/clt/tests/clt_270c.jsp (1270 words)

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