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Topic: Indirect injection

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	Diesel cars come clean
		The injection pressure results from the metered fuel quantity being pushed through the nozzle orifice by the injection piston with a velocity proportional to engine speed.
		Besides variations in the quantity and start of the injection, the common rail permits the choice of pressure from 150 to 1,400 bars and the delivery of injection fuel in several portions, according to Gerhard Stumpp and Mario Ricco of Bosch's Diesel Division in Feuerbach, Germany.
		The duration of injection, the fuel pressure in the rail, and the flow area of the injector determines the injected fuel quantity.
	www.memagazine.org /backissues/august97/features/diesel/diesel.html (2782 words)

	Welcome to the Dutch Volvo Coupé Bertone Register Homepage!
		The fuel injection pump is the unit in the fuel system that regulates the amount of fuel injected and point of time for injection.
		The injection is interrupted when the meetering spill port of the plunger faces the regulating passage, thus lowering the fuel pressure under the opening limit of the pressure valve.
		Injection than always commences at the same camshaft posistion and continues for a longer or shorter time dependent on the angle of the plunger.
	www.volvobertone.com /enginen.html (2026 words)

	Fuel Injection
		Indirect fuel injection is the familiar system wherein the injectors are placed in the intake ports.
		Direct injection on the other hand is the diesel-style system, now increasingly found in two-stroke application, which has the injectors in the combustion chamber.
		Direct injection's advantage is that with injection so vigorous, the two-stroke engine's exhaust port can be allowed to close before the mixture is injected, greatly reducing exhaust emissions.
	www.motorcycleproject.com /motorcycle/text/inject.html (1028 words)

	Indirect injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an internal combustion engine, the term indirect injection refers to a fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber.
		Gasoline engines are usually equipped with indirect injection systems, wherein a fuel injector delivers the fuel at some point before the intake valve.
		An indirect injection diesel engine delivers fuel into a chamber off the combustion chamber, called a prechamber, where combustion begins and then spreads into the main combustion chamber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indirect_injection (245 words)

	Diesel 101
		Called indirect injection, since the fuel is not introduced into the main combustion chamber above the piston.
		Indirect injection usually allows for a lower overall fuel-to-air ratio and lower pollutant emissions, since it is easier to control the process for the smaller pre-chamber volume.
		In it’s most basic explanation, this uses a separate injection pump, commonly indexed off of the timing chain, to turn what could be described as a mini-piston engine that “pumps” fuel to the various injectors that “pop” open when a specific or set pressure is reached.
	www.boulderbiodiesel.com /tom/Diesel101 (1216 words)

	Diesel Automotive Translations
		With a direct injection method used primarily for commercial vehicles and stationary engines, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber without the use of a pre-chamber.
		In the case of the distributor injection pump—used primarily for high-speed diesel engines for cars and light trucks—a central camplate-driven plunger generates pressure and distributes the fuel to the individual cylinders.
		Injection pumps use a variety of governors such as minimum-maximum speed governors and variable-speed governors based on flyweights.
	accurapid.com /journal/04auto.htm (951 words)

	PowerPedia:Diesel engine - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		However, nearly all present-day diesel engines use the so-called 'cold-fuel' injection system invented by Herbert Akroyd Stuart, inventor of the hot bulb engine (a similar type of engine where compression-ignition is assisted by a metal 'hot bulb' in the combustion chamber which is pre-heated before starting and then is kept hot by the ignition process).
		The pistons have a constant stroke volume, and injection volume (ie, throttling) is controlled by rotating the cylinders against a cut-off port that aligns with a helical slot in the cylinder.
		The first incarnations of direct injection diesels was the distributor pump direct injection and used a rotary pump much like indirect injection diesels, however the injectors were mounted in the top of the combustion chamber rather than in a separate pre-combustion chamber.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Diesel_engine (10873 words)

	Diesel Vehicles - Wikicars
		This type of engine was transformed by electronic control of the injection pump, pioneered by Volkswagen Audi group with the Audi 100 TDI introduced in 1989.
		This type of injection system, also developed by Bosch, is used by Volkswagen AG in cars (where it is called Pumpe Düse - literally "pump nozzle"), Mercedes Benz (PLD) and most major diesel engine manufacturers, in large commercial engines (Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel).
		Many Audi enthusiasts claim that the Audi 100 TDI was the first turbocharged direct injection diesel sold in 1989; however, the Fiat Croma and the Austin Rover Montego were sold with turbo direct injection in 1988.
	wikicars.org /ja/Diesel_Vehicles (6045 words)

	Clean Air Initiative: Infopool - Cleaner Diesel
		A comparison of the impact on heavy duty and light duty vehicles indicates that there are some instances where changing a given diesel fuel property is expected to have the opposite directional impact on emissions depending on whether the fuel is being used in a heavy-duty engine or light-duty vehicle.
		The most notable are the increase in NOx emissions from light-duty direct-injection engines in response to a decrease in fuel density and the increases in NOx emissions from both light-duty indirect- and direct-injection engines in response to a decrease in the T95 temperature (2).
		This is because fuel injection pumps meter fuel by volume, not by mass, and the denser fuel contains a greater mass in the same volume.
	www.cleanairnet.org /infopool/1411/article-33928.html (4071 words)

	Turbo Blues
		The earliest diesel engines were of the direct injection type, meaning that fuel was injected directly into the combustion chamber.
		Indirect injection allowed the fuel to burn more progressively, which meant a quieter engine.
		It is interesting to note that the quest for greater fuel economy has resulted in direct injection becoming increasingly popular in the latest generation of petrol engines, all which used to have fuel injected indirectly.
	thestar.com.my /lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/3/18/lifefocus/17132381&sec=lifefocus (1254 words)

	IAA '03: Audi A3 1.6 FSI
		The term "petrol direct injection" makes the most significant distinction between this and conventional petrol engines clear: in contrast to indirect injection, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber.
		A conventional engine with indirect fuel injection establishes an ignitable air-fuel mixture of a ratio of 14.7:1 (lambda = 1) throughout the entire combustion chamber.
		By virtue of the precision injection process, the extremely fine atomisation and the internal cooling effect when the fuel vaporises directly inside the combustion chamber, the FSI engine can run at a higher compression ratio than an engine with an indirect injection system.
	www.vwvortex.com /artman/publish/audi_news/printer_199.shtml (701 words)

	IDI Fuel Injection Serviceing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Aside from the problems associated with wear and the needed replacement of these components, it is also important to note that periodic inspection of the fuel injection nozzles is a wise investment of time, as poor performing injectors waste fuel and rob the engine of power.
		If you are going to reinstall the same injection pump for any reason, be sure to mark the relationship between the pump and pump housing, to preserve the timing setting.
		Now that the injection pump is removed, proceed with the removal of the fuel return lines.
	oilburners.net /brian/idi/FuelInjectionServicing.htm (4281 words)

	The 404 injection motor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The direct injection engine, initially derived from airplane engines, permits an improved air-flow into the combustion chamber and, by atomizing the gasoline at the last instant, the reduction of the (slight) oxidation effect on combustion.
		The principal of the direct injection engine permits the 'instantaneous' modification of the air-gazoline mixture, resulting in an improved overall gasoline consumption rate and engine performance.
		On the engine diagram, left, the Kugelfisher injection pump (12) and two of the four injectors (8)(9) can be seen.
	www.grapa.net /peugeot404/404injection.htm (115 words)

	Plastic Injection Molding \| Thermoplastics, Thermosets, Machines, Resins and More
		Since its invention in 1872, the injection molding process and the plastics industry has become a multi-billion dollar industry, with 32% of all plastics, by weight, processed by injection molding.
		Injection molding has made possible the cheap and durable construction of many consumer and industrial items that have had a profound impact on society.
		Injection-Molding-Resource.org shall not be responsible for any direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages, damages from loss of use or profits, or cost of procurement of substitute goods or services, in contract, tort or otherwise arising out of goods or in connection with the information contained herein; end disclaimer.
	www.injection-molding-resource.org (717 words)

	Turbocharged Direct Injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turbo Direct Injection (TDI) is the technology used for modern Diesel engines produced by Volkswagen Group, and is widely used in passenger cars produced by the company (especially those sold in Europe).
		The engine uses direct injection where a fuel injector sprays directly into the engine cylinder rather than the pre-combustion chamber prevalent in older diesels which used indirect injection.
		The PD design was a reaction to the development of common rail fuel injection by competitors; an attempt by Volkswagen to create an in-house technology of comparable performance that would not require any royalties to be paid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turbo_Direct_Injection (802 words)

	TFPHIN article PC97P
		An indirect cooling system uses a pump to circulate the cooling medium and a cooling tower or evaporative cooler to reject heat from the cooling medium.
		At issue is whether or not the injection of raw liquid into the compressor reduces the life of the compressor or its components.
		With liquid injection, the condensing pressure must be high enough to maintain an adequate pressure differential across the thermal expansion valve feeding liquid into the compressor.
	postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu /pgDisplay.php?article=PC97P (4002 words)

	Audi A2 1.6 FSI - WorldCarFans.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The term "petrol direct injection" makes the most significant feature clear: in contrast to indirect injection, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber.
		A conventional indirect injection engine produces a petrol-air mixture in the entire combustion chamber with an ignitable ratio of 14.7 : 1 (lambda = 1).
		However, due to the precision of the injection process, the extremely fine atomization and the internal cooling effect when the fuel evaporates directly in the combustion chamber, the FSI engine can operate at a much higher compression ratio than an indirect injection engine (1.6 FSI: 12.1:1).
	www.worldcarfans.com /print.cfm/ID/2020411.001/lang/eng (3101 words)

	FAQ - PlantDrive - convert diesel to run on vegetable oil, gas alternative
		Waste engine heat is added to this return fuel, since the fuel has passed through the injection pump and injectors, and these are heated by lubricating oil (in inline injection pumps) and by the heat of combustion within the cylinder being transferred to the fuel via the hot injectors.
		Direct injection engines of the older type, as found on tractors, for example, have not been considered to be very well suited for SVO conversion.
		The result is an engine with all the power and efficiency of direct injection, but one that is quieter, cleaner, and may be at least as suited to SVO use as the indirect injection engines - although this is not yet established.
	www.plantdrive.com /html/faq.html (5847 words)

	Clean Diesel \| Banks Power: Diesel Evolution: A discussion of the evolution of the modern clean diesel by C.J. Baker
		Most importantly, a four-valve configuration allows the fuel injection nozzle to be positioned in the center of the combustion chamber for a symmetric fuel injection pattern directly down the centerline of the cylinder.
		The clatter of pre-modern direct injection (DI) diesels is the result of a rapid pressure spike when the main injection pulse occurs.
		Pilot injection is the introduction of a small amount of fuel that starts combustion immediately prior to the main, power-producing fuel pulse.
	www.bankspower.com /tech_dieselevolution.cfm (1297 words)

	Turbo-Diesel.co.uk - Diesel info
		Direct injection (also known as Di) and is more efficient than indirect injection, and usually requires no preheating on cold starting but until the late 1990's the downside is that it is a quite noisy engine and unsuitable for engine sizes under 2.5 litres due to uneven slow running engine speeds on mechanical injections.
		Indirect injection engines are usually under 2.5 litre engine sizes, but its downside is that it is a less efficient than a Di engine.
		Pre heating is achieved by timer controlled Glow Plugs in the combustion chamber by warming the air as its being compressed to aid a cold start as the compressed air cannot get as hot as the Di in the indirect injections combustion chamber.
	turbo-diesel.co.uk /diesel.htm (445 words)

	Paxman History Pages - Paxman Diesel Engines Since 1934
		Indirect injection engines are not well suited to turbocharging or high speed operation, they are less fuel efficient, and can be harder to start at low temperatures.
		One particular disadvantage of indirect injection was that the heat of combustion was not evenly distributed over the piston head.
		A direct injection combustion system heats the piston evenly all round and is thus capable of accepting a much higher level of pressure charging before the whole piston reached the limiting temperature.
	www.nelmes.fsnet.co.uk /paxman/paxeng34.htm (10224 words)

	Turbocharged Diesel Power \| Banks Power: Propane and the Turbo Diesel by C.J. Baker
		Direct injection and common rail fuel injection greatly improve the efficiency of turbo-diesel combustion while simultaneously reducing emissions.
		The same cannot be said for older, indirect injection (IDI) diesels, which are less efficient than “modern” configurations, but it is doubtful that even IDI diesels waste 25 percent of the fuel injected (see "Diesel Evolution" elsewhere on this site).
		For maximum power rigs, such as those used in pickup pull or truck pull contests, or even diesel light truck drag racing, propane injection can be used as a way to further increase power on a diesel that has already been extensively modified, especially if it been modified to the point of overfueling.
	www.bankspower.com /tech_propane.cfm (643 words)

	Future Of Fuel Injection Taking The Direct Route, Larry Carley, Counterman, May 1997
		Everybody knew that electronic fuel injection was the coming thing, but feedback carburetors were developed as a stop gap measure until the changeover to fuel injection could be completed by the end of the decade.
		The Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine, which is expected to be a forerunner of the next generation of high-efficiency, low- emission engines, is currently being produced in Japan and will be introduced in Europe later this year.
		In fact, direct injection injectors may prove to be even more troublesome than today's indirect injectors because they're exposed directly to the heat of combustion.
	www.babcox.com /editorial/cm/cm59726.htm (1331 words)

	Diesel Engines
		Engines of the indirect design are in fact the best for converting to run on SVO provided they have suitable pumps, and because of this many can be fitted with Elsbett one tank conversions.
		If the fuel injection pump is rotary in design then the injector pipes will come out in a square or circular group from the side of the pump.
		The standard Bosch rotary pump for a four cylinder indirect injection diesel can be distinguished by having the Bosch name and symbol cast in to the aluminium body of the pump.
	www.rodbowen.co.uk /daniel/dieselengines.htm (1030 words)

	IAA 2001: FSI - The Direct-Injection Petrol Engine
		This has the advantages of reducing the tendency to knock as a result of direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber and the resulting internal cooling effect.
		It is a well-known fact that the conventional three-way catalytic converter is unable to break down oxides of nitrogen sufficiently in the engine's lean-burn phase; for this, the composition of the exhaust gas must be stoichiometric.
		Compared with an engine with the same output and indirect injection, a fuel saving of up to 15 percent is thus possible.
	www.audiworld.com /news/01/iaa/fsi/content2.shtml (677 words)

	Diesel engine - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Controlling the timing of the start of injection of fuel into the pistons is key to minimising their emissions and maximising the fuel economy (efficiency) or the engine.
		Early diesels often employed indirect injection in order to use simple, flat-top pistons, and made the positioning of the early, bulky diesel injectors easier, but all modern diesel engines employ some form of direct injection, coupled with more complicated bowl-in-piston designs.
		Their use of electronic ignition, fuel injection, and sophisticated engine management systems also makes them far easier to operate than mass-produced spark-ignition aircraft engines, most of which still use carburetors.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Diesel_engine (4523 words)

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