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Topic: Indirect rule

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	Indirect rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indirect rule is a type of European colonial policy as practiced by the British Empire, in which the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure.
		Therefore, tapping in to the ruling class that ruled the countries before they became colonial property is a very attractive and pragmatic move.
		Another motive is a matter of political tactics: the conquerors want the cooperation of the former rulers of the country in order to prevent the risk of a rebellion led by these former rulers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indirect_rule (359 words)

	Colonial Rule
		Indirect rule also appeared safer and more effective: by co-opting the chiefs' inherited legitimacy, European colonial powers hoped both to improve their ability to carry out routine functions, such as tax collection and labor recruitment, and to avoid large-scale revolts.
		Indirect rule worked best in the regions where strong and highly organized states were already in place, like Northern Nigeria, and where the recognized authorities, like the Sokoto caliph, welcomed European collaboration.
		Fundamental to the logic of indirect rule, for example, was the belief that Africa was comprised of hundreds of mutually exclusive, geographically distinct, and centrally ruled "tribes." In reality, African cultural identities were complex and dynamic.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_382.asp (2904 words)

	[No title]
		Indirect purchasers could be presumed as a matter of law to have borne 100% of the overcharge if the direct purchaser is subject to a written, legally binding obligation /30/ to pass on the entire amount of an overcharge.
		And while indirect purchasers might have adequate incentive to sue despite their small individual stakes, /32/ we have already noted that the direct purchaser's incentive to sue is unlikely to vanish even if regulation requires pass through of the recovered overcharge.
		Illinois Brick held that "whatever rule is to be adopted regarding pass-on in antitrust damage actions, it must apply equally to plaintiffs and defendants," 431 U.S. at 728, and declined to overrule or limit the rule of Hanover Shoe.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1989/sg890180.txt (7918 words)

	Indirect Rule
		Indirect rule, on the other hand, was grounded in the language of autonomy and authenticity, and many emirs supported it.
		One school maintained that indirect rule was inauthentic despite its guise--because the emirs were sullied by their interaction with the colonialists.
		Lord Lugard, the architect of indirect rule, put it this way: "It is a cardinal principle of British colonial policy that the interests of a large native population shall not be subject to the will...
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /iarticles/indirect_rule.htm (980 words)

	Untitled Document
		The institutional framework of rule enshrined in apartheid and in all late colonialism, hinged especially on its use of "indirect" rule over the natives by local chiefs using "customary law".
		In Southern Africa at least, white authorities sought to transplant indirect rule into the "native" townships, and to sustain the figment of "tribal" solidarity under chiefly control in the urban setting where fl migratory labor was seen as transient, and still grafted to its rural umbilical cord.
		To contend as Mamdani does on a "conveyer belt" of migrant tribals from rural to urban, all governed by common ethnicity and indirect rule, is simply and factually untenable, however persuasive may be the archival legal statutes underpinning this concept that he quotes.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v1/1/4.htm (2088 words)

	hold
		Indirect Rule, Bivona notes, was "a carefully staged economy of unsung heroism" in which the invisibility of the administrator, his self-negation, was glorified.
		Despite this rhetoric, Bivona claims, Indirect Rule actually served to "institutionalize the manufacture of leaders with godlike powers, expertise, and fields of action out of otherwise ordinary English bureaucrats." While Indirect Rule appeared to diminish the power of colonial administrators, the system of rule and its attendant ideologies in fact enhanced their prestige.
		The imperial bureaucrat of Indirect Rule was part of the same process of subjectification that reinvented indigenous traditions, and that produced a series of bourgeois colonized, often initially Anglophilic elites.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /jouvert/v3i3/hold.htm (934 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		RULE 2: Fio functions as the passive of facio (but it is not related to facio linguistically).
		In the same way that certain verbs can trigger indirect statement and indirect question, indirect command is introduced by verbs of ordering, advising, requesting, permitting, contriving and urging, all of which can "indirectly" relate what was expressed in direct speech using the imperative mood.
		The subjunctive verb in the ensuing clause follows the rules of sequence of tenses seen also in purpose, result and indirect question.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/Latin1000/Chapters/36ch.htm (666 words)

	[No title]
		In response to comments confirming that current indirect TPMSs cannot meet the proposed three- tire, 25 percent under-inflation requirements, and in order to allow those systems to be used during the phase-in, the agency is adopting requirements for detection of one-tire, 30 percent under-inflation as the first option.
		Toyota, which uses an indirect TPMS on its Sienna van, stated that its next generation of indirect TPMSs (i.e., TPMSs not available for current production) would be able to detect a 20 percent differential in tire pressure by monitoring the resonance frequency as well as the dynamic radius changes of the tires.
		This would solve the problem indirect TPMSs have in detecting when two tires on the same axle or the same side of the vehicle become significantly under-inflated because a direct pressure sensor will be in a wheel on each axle and on each side of the vehicle.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /cars/rules/rulings/tread/MileStones/67FR38703.html (16552 words)

	Indirect Rule in the Colonial State
		This paper is a study of indirect rule in the North-West Province of Cameroon.
		Indirect rule involved the use of local chiefs to implement colonial policies.
		While indirect rule as practised by the British may largely have rested on the false belief that it was only sanctioning the status quo, Britain, in fact, was actively involved in the invention of tradition.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Chilver/Paideuma/paideuma-Indirec-2.html (1845 words)

	Social Research: Historicizing Power and Responses to Power: Indirect Rule and Its Reform
		One is then likely to think of British indirect rule in 20th century Africa as similar to Ottoman rule in another part of the world a few centuries earlier, and both analogous to feudal Europe and the king tolerating multiple jurisdictions: of the lord, of the Church, and so on.
		Whereas direct rule sought to shape the world of the elite amongst the conquered population, the object of indirect rule was to shape the world of the colonized masses.
		Direct rule took for granted the preferences of the mass of the population, and instead sought to shape the preferences of an elite detached from this mass.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2267/is_3_66/ai_58118482/pg_2 (1370 words)

	Encyclopedia: Indirect rule
		The British Indirect Rule is the name given to a management policy formalized by Frederick Lugard in The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa.
		The system of Indirect Rule would have been the subject of experiments in Scotland at the end of the 16th century.
		The patterns of territorial acquisition and rule as applied by the company in Sindh and Punjab and the manner of governance became the basis for direct British rule in the British Indian Empire and indirect rule in the princely states under the paramountcy of the Crown.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indirect-rule (650 words)

	Law Enforcement in British Colonial Africa (by Mathieu Deflem)
		Further, the principle of indirect rule was considered secondary to the overall political and economic objectives of colonial rule.
		In the case of interventionist indirect rule, the native chiefs were governed as dependent rulers and their traditional administration was gradually adapted to the alien institutions of British rule.
		Non-interventionist indirect rule left the traditional authorities to their own devices, but only to the extent that the over-all political and economic goals of colonialism were not threatened.
	www.cas.sc.edu /socy/faculty/deflem/zcolpol.html (7700 words)

	Don't Play It Again, Sam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The United States is trying to get an approximately colonial system of indirect rule up and running in Iraq after June 30th, one more limited in its conception and at least notionally shorter in its projected lifespan than the early 20th Century British equivalent, but one nevertheless.
		Sixth reason: British indirect rule, for all its rhetoric of “the civilizing mission”, was ultimately much more modest in its ambitions in most cases than American rule in Iraq is today.
		American indirect rule in Iraq exists in a world that is largely mobilized against imperial ambitions, often insincerely or instrumentally, but mobilized nevertheless.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/tburke1/perma40604.html (827 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- Ojukwu and the Igbo Case for Justice
		In fact, the Indirect Rule system gave a tremendous boost to those monarchs whose status and standings became greatly enhanced with the colonial policy of vicarious administration through powerful local agents.
		Among the Igbo people, Indirect Rule and its taxation system became a monumental disaster, a terrible burden, and in fact a quasi slavery experience for the freedom and democracy-accustomed Igbo nation.
		Until the British Lord Lugard manufactured his tax scheme called Indirect Rule, the Igbo hardly paid taxes to anybody, not to talk of a foreign power that was clearly using the hands of Esau and the voice of Jacob to extort money from the usually independent-minded people of Igbo land.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/ihenacho/041302.html (6036 words)

	Nigeria Lugard and Indirect Rule - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Under indirect rule, caliphate officials were transformed into salaried district heads and became, in effect, agents of the British authorities, responsible for peacekeeping and tax collection.
		Efforts to apply indirect rule to the south, which was formally a protectorate from 1906, in emulation of Lugard's successful policy in the north set off a search for legitimate indigenous authorities through whom the policy could be implemented.
		The Igbo therefore stressed traditional egalitarian principles as a justification for their early opposition to colonial rule; in Yorubaland and in the north, the devolution of administrative duties to the indigenous ruling elites contained much of the early opposition.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/nigeria/nigeria_history_lugard_and_indirect_rule.html (1024 words)

	Stark II Phase II -- Implications for Physicians and Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Much of the rest is either derived from the original Stark I rule published in 1995, and applicable then only to clinical lab services, or was previewed in the proposed Stark II rule in 1998, before the rulemaking was split into two phases.
		The rule itself runs twenty pages in length -probably 20,000 words or more, and the preamble to the rule in which CMS tries to explain all this and provide additional clarification is four times as long again.
		The Phase II rule follows the 1998 proposal in narrowing this exception so that, except in the lab context, it can only be used if the arrangement in question is not eligible for one of the other compensation exceptions.
	www.ppsv.com /issues/starkII.htm (5032 words)

	Fading Suns
		The GM may rule that, in certain situations, knowledge, expertise, the actions of allied domains or actions taken by individual PCs may allow a domain ruler to gain the bonuses for complementary skill use when rolling for a domain action.
		It should be noted that the rules on indirect or feudal rule presented above are designed to represent the institutional paralysis of an political organization which is being given little or no clear direction from its head (the domain ruler).
		This type of rule is often sadly lacking in the world of Fading Suns, but a conscientious and open-minded leader can better the lot of his subjects, employees or flock to a remarkable degree, as well as reinforcing his own popularity and fortunes.
	www.fortunecity.com /rivendell/gallows/954/fsuns/emrules2.htm (4292 words)

	Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rule G-37(c) prohibits the dealer and its MFPs from soliciting any person or PAC to make or coordinate contributions to an official of an issuer with which the dealer is engaging or is seeking to engage in municipal securities business. The draft amendments (new section (c)(ii)) would also prohibit the dealer and certain MFPs
		A: Yes. The relevant portion of the MSRB’s supervision rule, Rule G-27(c), provides that, “Each dealer shall adopt, maintain and enforce written supervisory procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the conduct of the municipal securities activities of the dealer and its associated persons are in compliance [with MSRB rules].”
		[3] Rule G-27, on supervision, in section (c) provides that, “Each dealer shall adopt, maintain and enforce written supervisory procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the conduct of the municipal securities activities of the dealer and its associated persons are in compliance [with MSRB rules].”
	www.msrb.org /msrb1/whatsnew/2005-11.asp (691 words)

	Democratic Underground - My post on Indirect Rule & the elites.
		Britain called it Indirect rule and it came about as a colonial administrator named Lugard apparently sat and watched a Uganda King show off.
		The anger was so palatable on the face of George Bush as his sleep was disturbed so he could be flown into Washington to sign a law on Terry Schiavo and kiss the asses of the tribe that elected him and doesn't know about the dual mandate yet.
		Scary that the Repukes are using indirect rule on the USA electorate in order that the elites (repukes) can rule - all the while democracy breaks out all over the place.
	www.democraticunderground.com /discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=104x3328856 (686 words)

	Alaska Supreme Court Orders
		Amending Alaska Rule of Professional Conduct 1.6, the Preamble to the Alaska Rules of Professional Conduct, and Alaska Rules of Professional Conduct 1.8, 1.9, 1.13, 1.17, 2.2 and 5.3
		Rescinding Delinquency Rules 6 and 7, amending Delinquency Rules 3, 10, 11, 14, 20, 21, 23, and 27, and adopting Delinquency Rule 24.1
		Adopting Probate Rule 20 and Appellate Rule 220 and amending Probate Rules 1, 2, and 3, Administrative Rule 9, Civil Rules 40 and 79, and Appellate Rules 201, 204, 210, 212, 213, 503.5, 508, and 512.5 to implement chapter 14 SLA 1997
	www.state.ak.us /courts/sco.htm (9727 words)

	ipedia.com: Indonesian Monarchies Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Raja of Amfoan Naikliu was ruling only the city of Naikliu and the few villages...
		Sometime under the rule of Korbafo, the state was founded in 1691...
		Both states were subject to the indirect rule of the Dutch until 1949 when Indonesia...
	www.ipedia.com /indonesian_monarchies.html (7767 words)

	Indirect rule in the post-colonial state
		Some chiefs, who now see politics in instrumental terms, tried to impose their preferences on their subjects.
		In Bali-Kumbat, for example, the Fon is alleged to have attempted to rig the elections in favour of the ruling CPDM by stuffing the ballot boxes in his area.
		Some 'recalcitrant' subjects insisted on inspecting these boxes before the voting started; this led to a stand-off.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Chilver/Paideuma/paideuma-Indirec-3.html (1823 words)

	Global History 3 HW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		What were the conditions in the Congo that led to a takeover by the Belgian government?
		How did European rule affect traditional African ways of living?
		what were the advantages and disadvantages of indirect rule?
	www.solowey.net /Dec5_EuroRule_Africa.htm (68 words)

	Indirect Rule over Quebec
		If you know any good links, please e-mail us at english@republiquelibre.org.
		It was applied to manage essentially all British colonies afterwards.
		Readings on British Colonial Policies and Indirect Rule
	english.republiquelibre.org /indirect-rule.html (155 words)

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