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Topic: Indirect self-reference

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Self-reference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Self-reference also occurs in literature when an author refers to his or her work in the context of the work itself. Reference is possible when there are two logical levels, a level and a meta-level. The Examples section of this article refers to itself. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self-reference   (498 words)

A:Construction of Self All utterances with self reference forms were isolated and coded in terms of a multi-level coding scheme which examined various semantic and pragmatic factors related to the degree of agency and control expressed in clauses surrounding usage of these forms. They rarely used self reference forms when referring to self as agent and when doing so it always was in the context of a permission request to the child, thereby down-playing their own agentivity. The self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process (p.135). www.massey.ac.nz /~alock/nancy/nancy2.htm   (11200 words)

references.py Targets which indirectly refer to an internal target become one-hop indirect (their "refid" attributes are directly set to the internal target's "id"). When resolving the numbering, a ``label`` element is added to the beginning of the ``footnote``, and reference text to the ``footnote_reference``. The labels and reference text are added to the auto-numbered ``footnote`` and ``footnote_reference`` elements. docutils.sourceforge.net /docutils/transforms/references.py   (863 words)

cpp.info-2 The resulting reference to `x' comes indirectly from the expansion of `x', so it is a self-reference and is not further expanded. However, the expansion of `x' contains a reference to `y', and that is an indirect self-reference now because `y' is "in progress". Then the use of `x' in the expansion of `y' is not a self-reference because `x' is not "in progress". www.mit.edu /afs/sipb/project/bounds/info/cpp.info-2   (5848 words)

Matthias Scheutz - Is this the Title of a Book? Self-Reference Revisited While explicit self-reference is divided further into "direct self-reference" and "indirect self-reference", implicit self-reference is further split into "partial self-reference" and "total self-reference". www.nd.edu /~mscheutz/publications/selfreferencebook.html   (187 words)

Damjan Bojadziev: Perlis on Strong and Weak Self-Reference - A Mirror Reversal As soon as the formal system is interpreted (to refer, in the standard case, to numbers), some of its sentences turn out to refer to themselves, and some of its theorems turn out to express the corresponding statements of self-reference (insofar as they can be expressed within the formal system itself). On the formal side, the interpretation of reference as seeing is even more productive: the self-reference of Gödel's sentence is then comparable to seeing oneself in a mirror. This referring must find its way back to its origin through its own emergence from it, which means that it must somehow involve itself in the way it proceeds to its target/origin. nl.ijs.si /~damjan/perlis-2.html   (2546 words)

The New York Review of Books: The Dream of Mind and Machine "Indirect self-reference" is one of the richest and most vivid of his conceptions; it is, he argues, a crucial process of our minds when we correct ourselves, solve puzzles, engage in interpretations. Nor could proofs in meta-mathematics make reference to infinite numbers of strings or operations since such infinite sets had created paradoxes and confusion in the mathematics of the time. Without some ability to refer back to our own mental activity, and to transform it, intelligence itself would be impossible. www.nybooks.com /articles/7598   (5258 words)

Computability, Self-Reference, and Self-Amendment So long, we have been moving in the abstract domain, discussing computer programs and their ability (or inability) to express self- reference and self-modifications, and we discussed very general causal mechanisms that acted on essentially undefined primitives. Lòfgren [1968] has shown that the axiom of complete self-reference is independent from set theory and logic, and can therefore be added to it as a new primitive. Constructivism was initiated by mathematicians, like Kronecker and, above all, Brouwer, who felt uncomfortable with indirect proofs and implicit definitions, and in general with anything that was not directly accessible or tangible within mathematics. informatics.indiana.edu /rocha/kampis.html   (6994 words)

Yablo's Paradox The infinite, indirect liar is a bridge to Yablo's paradox because of the infinite, indirect liar's essential use of self-reference. Gilbert Ryle traced the "systematic elusiveness" of the self to the incompleteness precipitated by self-reference. Reference fixing sentences do not pass their properties (contingency, vagueness, indexicality, etc.) on to the sentences they rigidly designate. www.dartmouth.edu /~rasoren/papers/yablosparadox.html   (6671 words)

This is the Title of this Article An indirect self-reference is shown in Escher's Drawing Hands. This form of self-reference is slightly indirect; much like the sentence pair: An interesting form of visual self-reference is the use of a copy of a picture within itself, such as the magazine cover picture of a person reading the same magazine, with the cover picture shown. www.users.bigpond.com /kdelarue/10sref.htm   (1171 words)

ejap 6:3: Brinck, "Self-identification and self-reference" In giving the self two roles, both as source and receiver, or as subject and object, a gap opens up that may be difficult to patch up. As regards "I", the referent is identical with the subject that has those experiences which constitute the foundation for the de re senses. As I see it, they permit the speaker to focus her attention on the referent and give her the means to discriminate it from its surroundings by its non-relational properties. ejap.louisiana.edu /EJAP/1998/brinck98.html   (8980 words)

Galen Strawson: The Self The substantival phrase ‘the self’ is very unnatural in most speech contexts in most languages, and some conclude from this that it’s an illusion to think that there is such a thing as the self, an illusion that arises from nothing more than an improper use of language. This is that the mental self is standardly thought to be single in the two ways just characterized both when it is considered (3) synchronically, or as a thing existing at a given time, and when it is considered (4) diachronically, i.e. I think there is a real philosophical problem about the existence and nature of the self, not just a relatively uninteresting problem about why we think there’s a problem. www.imprint.co.uk /strawson.htm   (12547 words)

Gaffaweb - Kate Bush - DREAMING - A. The Albums - The Sensual World - The Songs Pt. 2 It seems to be almost a blatant reference to Kate herself as the protaganist. As I say, the only unchecked reference to a liason in 1939 appears in The Ciano Diaries, 1939-1943 by (Count) Galeazzo Ciano (ed. No, the burning fields in the song refer to the practice of many farmers of burning the remains of their fields in the autumn in order to fertilze the soil and prepare it for the next year's crop. gaffa.org /dreaming/tsw_s2.html   (6848 words)

Paradox Supplee's paradox: the buoyancy of a relativistic object (such as a bullet) appears to change when the reference frame is changed from one in which the bullet is at rest to one in which the fluid is at rest Richard's paradox: We appear to be able to use simple English to define a decimal expansion in a way which is self-contradictory. Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally happen at the fringes of context or language, and require extending the context (or language) to lose their paradox quality. www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Paradox   (2279 words)

cpp : Argument Prescan Without the prescan, `f (1)' itself would be substituted as an argument, and the inner use of `f' would appear during the main scan as an indirect self-reference and would not be expanded. techpubs.sgi.com /library/dynaweb_docs/fw/usr/freeware/info_tpl/cpp/cpp_46.html   (543 words)

THE HEURISTICS OF LEGAL REASONING Thus while our position seems self evident it does not permit easy resolution of difficult problems. Further determination of moral priorities in choice of evil problems cannot be determined without a knowledge of the specific facts of the case in question. If we are honest we either admit the presupposition is indemonstrable (my position) or refer to another argument; yet this second argument will also have... lexnet.bravepages.com /Circle.htm   (3135 words)

Reference Library To him or her, to be adored is to be simply happy and love life in any given moment—to place self-love before love for God and humanity, the two Royal laws of Jesus. They may not be so interested in his or her shallow mind that has only devised means to get attention in order to only satisfy and justify self’s need to just be happily adored. Can be seen pouting and languishing often; as his or her destiny is not self-driven for any real life-purpose other than serving self. cfpg.sentex.net /biblical/article_details.asp?ID=87&Switch=   (1407 words)

Review of Buridan on Self-Reference That is, the argument captured by (1)-(5) is meant to be at least an indirect response to the standard arguments for (A)'s falsity. After all, the champion of the argument expressed by (1)-(5) will reject the standard arguments for (A)'s falsity precisely because he has what he takes to be a sound argument showing that (A) is false only if it is also true. Accordingly, I will be content to describe Buridan's strategy in rough outline and then to focus on a limited, though significant, problem which both Buridan and Hughes have, I think, neglected to face up to. www.nd.edu /~afreddos/papers/buridan.htm   (1793 words)

Consequences of a Token-Based Semantics For given the direct as well as indirect self-referential capabilities of natural languages, it can be shown that different token expressions of the same type can have different logical properties on account of being different tokens, one with, and another without, indirect reference to itself. Natural languages obviously abound with self-referential expressions, indeed, all sorts of indirect self-referential means that give rise to inferences which in principle ought to be able to be captured even by ordinary quantification theory. Therefore, the atemporal proposition is just as self-falsifying as Buridan’s occurrent temporary proposition or the sentence-token is. Clearly, referring to atemporal propositions in the definition of a valid consequence only addresses Buridan’s first problem with this definition, namely, the possible non-existence of the proposition that figures as the consequent of an intuitively valid consequence. www.bol.ucla.edu /~gyula/Consequences.htm   (7495 words)

Damjan Bojadziev: Self-reference in Phenomenology and Cognitive Science Namely, the self-reference of a sentence on which arithmetical incompleteness depends is indirect, by way of a numerical code: the sentence refers to a certain number which belongs to that sentence itself under some system of numeric coding of sentences as numbers. This second role of diagonalization, in the formula on which it is used, brings about self-reference as reference of the sentence P(d(f)) to its own number. The code thus functions as a numerical mirror for indirectly refering to expressions as numbers, the way mirrors are used for seeing objects as virtual images. nl.ijs.si /~damjan/phen.html   (1470 words)

Peter Suber, "Gödel's Proof" This double-meaning and indirect self-reference are essential to Gödel's proof. We cannot say that the number theory interpretation is "primary" and the metatheory interpretation "secondary" or nonstandard except in reference to human intentions. Second we show that the negation of G is not provable in S, again using an indirect proof. www.earlham.edu /~peters/courses/logsys/g-proof.htm   (4313 words)

Epimenides Statement A not only refers to a statement, it refers to itself, Statement A. Perhaps the root problem is this self reference. Preventing a statement from referring to itself is too weak--if we only prevent it from directly referring to itself. And Argument 2, which attempts to prove that Sentence A is also not not true, fails: Argument 2 refers to the proposition which is expressed by Sentence A, but Sentence A doesn't express any propositions. www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~sjblatt/notes/nottrue.html   (1586 words)

Form-versus-content humour - Open Encyclopedia congruence, context, content, speech, nonverbal communication, indirect self-reference, ceci n'est pas une pipe For instance, a red index card with GREEN written on it. open-encyclopedia.com /Form-versus-content_humour   (107 words)

Kiosks.Org Kiosk Internet, Public Terminals Self Service Fake kiosks can also result in indirect denial of service attacks, in that clients will be discouraged from using real kiosks, and may possibly lose respect for an institution's reliability. We refer the reader to Chapter 3 in [Hochberg 1995], or any of the standard reference works, such as [Schnier 1994]. In order to measure the performance of a particular drive, it is necessary to look at both the data transfer rate, which is the speed at which extended lengths of data can be read off the disc, and average access time, which refers to the search time for random bits of information on a disc. www.visi.com /~keefner/pdfs/kiosk_paper.html   (17694 words)

isntapundit : A Blog by a Brilliant, Uneducated Snob 20 clauses lacking direct self-reference, of which 5 are things Iraqis said, and a couple contain indirect self-reference or projection. I don't count "anyone with half a brain" as a first-person reference, though I probably should if I want to be thorough. It is extraordinarily ironic that the anti-war protesters are marching to defend a government which stops its people exercising that freedom. isntapundit.com /?date=20030324   (525 words)

ipedia.com: Quine's paradox Article It is a related problem to the liar paradox and uses indirect self-reference. Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, attributed to W. Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, attributed to W. Quine. www.ipedia.com /quine_s_paradox.html   (189 words)

KURT GODEL The basic idea of Gödel's proof, indirect self-reference, is strikingly simple, but tricky to grasp. Also, one can't hope to prove the consistency of such a system using the axioms themselves. A book-long explanation for the general reader is offered in Douglas Hofstadter's Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. www.usna.edu /Users/math/meh/godel.html   (900 words)

Section: Template definitions This means that, although template calls may be embedded into template definitions, there must be neither direct nor indirect self-reference in template definitions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a means for defining abbreviations, templates (cf. Hence, templates realize the 'database programming' part of a logic programming language such as Prolog (cf. www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /projekte/TIGER/TIGERSearch/doc/html/QueryLanguage_Templates.html   (664 words)

Future of Computing It references an open-source project relating to web security - The Open Web Application Security Project This follows another related anouncement about web security from Oasis: OASIS Prescribes AVDL for Web Security It would be good if I could choose not only a text based entry form but any of a number of different data entry forms. It will be used by detection software to send messages directly to firewalls about new security threats. kashori.com /weblog/future/2003_07_06_archive.html   (1020 words)

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