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Topic: Indirect tax

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	Indirect tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the colloquial sense, an indirect tax (such as sales tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST)) is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the customer).
		The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return.
		In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on which it is imposed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indirect_tax (184 words)

	Tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tax (also known as a "duty") is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (e.g., tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements).
		Taxes may be part of a direct tax or indirect tax, and may be paid in money or as corvée labor.
		A carbon tax is a tax on the consumption of carbon-based non-renewable fuels, such as petrol, diesel-fuel, jet fuels and natural gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tax (5683 words)

	Tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Taxes may be paid in cash or kind (although payments in kind may not always be allowed or classified as taxes in all systems).
		Indirect taxes are sometimes described as hidden taxes because the purchaser of goods or services may not be aware that a proportion of the price is going to the government.
		Income tax may be collected from legal persons (companies) as well as natural persons (individuals), although, in some cases, the income tax is levied on a slightly different basis that the usual income tax and may be called a corporation tax or a corporate income tax.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/ta/tax.html (4019 words)

	CITES BY TOPIC: direct tax
		Either it places a tax on the whole of something because of ownership and falls on the owner of the thing taxed, or it is a tax on a species of property or on a natural person, a tax on the existence of the thing taxed.
		It is not a tax on consumption, nor a tax on an identified activity, nor a tax on a privilege, nor a tax on the happening of an event.
		Tax in the Pollock Case was an indirect tax and the Supreme Court went too far in linking an inherently indirect income tax with the source of the income.
	famguardian.org /TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/DirectTax.htm (1672 words)

	Indirect Tax - Tax Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A tax you do not pay directly, but which is passed on to you by an increase in your expenses.
		A tax imposed on one person or thing but whose burden is borne indirectly by another.
		A sales tax, though imposed on and collected from the seller, is an indirect tax on the buyer.
	www.encyclopedia-wiki.org /encyclopedias/taxes/Indirect-Tax.html (105 words)

	direct tax - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about direct tax
		Tax levied (imposed) directly on an individual or organization, in contrast to indirect taxes, levied on goods when they are purchased.
		Nearly all direct taxes are taxes on income or wealth, such as income tax, capital gain tax, or corporation tax.
		The opposite of a direct tax is an indirect tax.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /direct+tax (148 words)

	DDP 656 abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Up till 1995 the tax system in general and the indirect tax system in particular were very successful in mobilizing revenues despite their distortionary impacts and high administrative costs.
		Indirect tax revenues remarkably more than doubled from 5.1% of GDP in 1991 to 11.4% of GDP in 1996, but their growth slowed down in 1996 and continued to do so through the first half of 1997.
		A rationalization of trade, value added and excise taxes is necessary and the use of indirect tax instruments for multiple and conflicting objectives should be abandoned.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /cid/hiid/656abs.html (418 words)

	Centre for Civil Society
		Indirect taxes are regressive — tax burden is heavier on the poor than on the rich.
		Table 1 gives the break-up of the net tax revenue of the Union government in terms of the direct and indirect taxes it levies, as well as their share in total tax revenue for a few years.
		The indirect tax on actual expenditures is surprisingly similar, irrespective of the amount of money spent, or where it is spent.
	www.ccsindia.org /people_pjs_who_pays_for_welfare_prgs.asp (885 words)

	Indirect tax reform: Unfinished task
		This was felt necessary to attune the tax structure of the country to the requirements of an open economy and recoup the revenue loss from lowering customs tariffs.
		The tax on interstate sales--the central sales tax--is also in the process of being eased out so that the tax on domestic sales levied by the states gets transformed into a truly destination-based VAT that causes no impediment to the functioning of the common market.
		Allowing industrial inputs to be taxed at the reduced rate of 4 per cent, as is the case, now violates a basic tenet of VAT and negates one of its main virtues, viz.
	www.rediff.com /money/2005/dec/07guest1.htm (1019 words)

	Indirect tax biased against poor: report -DAWN - Business; 17 April 2005
		However, the report reveals, the burden of tax progressively declines as income rises and the richest 10 per cent of households contribute only about 10 per cent of their incomes to the indirect taxes.
		According to the report the average burden of direct taxes is 0.3 per cent, while the burden of indirect taxes is 13 per cent.
		This can be discern from the fact that while the burden of personal income tax as a percentage of household income has doubled from 0.1 to 0.2 per cent for the 7th deciles, the corresponding burden for the 10th deciles has declined by half from 4.3 to 2.1 per cent.
	www.dawn.com /2005/04/17/ebr2.htm (697 words)

	Soaring indirect taxes -DAWN - Business; July 14, 2003
		A decrepit wimp, Income tax, continues to exist, that too does not deserve to be called a direct tax in our context as 39 per cent of its collection is of the nature of an indirect tax.
		The indirect taxes, on the other hand, are levied as a percentage of the value of the goods or services being taxed.
		Whenever a tax is paid by the rich and the poor in identical monetary value, it becomes regressive because it represents a greater proportion of the income of the poor.
	www.dawn.com /2003/07/14/ebr13.htm (1466 words)

	Indirect Tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Indirect tax is often overlooked in business planning and decision making.
		GST and other indirect taxes, including stamp duties, customs and excise duties, and luxury car tax.
		Helping you make business decisions that take full account of direct and indirect tax considerations, and their short and long-term business implications.
	www.kpmg.com.au /default.aspx?tabid=203 (256 words)

	GTAS Indirect Tax
		Indirect taxes are applicable to activities that span from manufacturing to final consumption, including distribution, trading and imports, as well as services, thereby impacting all businesses.
		Currently, the indirect tax regime in India is being significantly revamped as a part of the government’s fiscal reforms.
		An EPC contract in India is significantly impacted by indirect taxes.
	www.ey.com /global/content.nsf/India/GTAS_Indirect_Tax (575 words)

	Uncertainties of the Income Tax
		Those courts which hold that an income tax is a direct property tax believe that income is property, yet those which hold that this tax is an excise declare that income is not property.
		Any particular federal tax must fit within one of the two constitutional tax categories and once the category is known, it may be determined whether the tax in question complies with the constitutional regulation for imposition of that type of tax.
		If the courts of this nation hold that an income tax is both an excise tax and a direct one, it cannot with any degree of certainty be determined what constitutional restrictions might or might not apply to this tax or what is even the meaning of the 16th Amendment.
	www.constitution.org /uslaw/uncertain.htm (4510 words)

	Indirect tax collections may fall by Rs 5,000 crore in ’04 - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		While the possibility of a shortfall in indirect taxes looms large, the Centre is enthused at the robust 22.8 per cent growth in direct taxes at Rs 66,761 crore till January 15.
		Indirect taxes were growing by about 9 per cent at Rs 99,380 crore, which was slightly lower than the budget target of Rs 1,07,000 crore till December.
		The sops offered in indirect taxes and the overall buoyancy in economy will result in higher corporate earnings and hence higher corporate tax collections, the officials said, adding fiscal deficit may end up at less than the budget estimate of 5.6 per cent of GDP.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jan272004/b2.asp (558 words)

	SSRN-Indirect Tax Incidence in Madagascar: Updated Estimates Using the Input-Output Table by Harivelo Rajemison, Steven ...
		Changes in indirect taxes were roughly neutral, while the increasing share of direct taxes on wages in households' overall tax burden made the system slightly more progressive.
		This was not due to changes in tax policy, but rather to a shift in the pattern of consumption of the poor out of lightly taxed food and informal sector items and into more heavily taxed formal sector goods.
		Nevertheless, taxes on gasoline and diesel (but not kerosene) remain among the most progressive taxes in Madagascar, even after accounting for the indirect effects on the prices of goods that use these products as intermediate inputs.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=452120 (477 words)

	rediff.com: Govt to evolve mechanism to meet indirect tax target: Sinha
		Total indirect tax collection, which includes excise and customs mainly, are targeted at over Rs 1,400 billion this fiscal.
		Buoyancy in tax collections is expected to offset the 45 per cent higher direct tax refunds during the period between April and September.
		Direct tax collection is estimated to be about Rs 360 billion till the third week of September, as against Rs 316.40 billion during the same period last year.
	www.rediff.com /money/2001/sep/26tax1.htm (265 words)

	Indirect Taxation of Electronic Commerce:
		Taxes on E-commerce should be imposed in a manner that minimizes compliance costs.
		Tax on the importation of goods is imposed on the importer, generally at the same time and manner as customs duties.
		Where the importer is registered for tax, the VAT on import of goods is self assessed by the importer (under the so-called "reverse charge" method).
	www.cspp.org /projects/gec/cspptaxoptionsfinal.html (3068 words)

	Ernst & Young - Services - Indirect Tax Overview
		Indirect tax encompasses a host of taxes on consumption, manufacture and trade—value-added tax (VAT), goods and services tax, sales and use tax, customs duties, property taxes, environmental levies and many more.
		Indirect tax is often the forgotten tax on business.
		A new report from Ernst & Young analyzes indirect tax rates and trends in more than 60 countries, revealing a surprising tolerance of failures to track, fully report and legitimately reclaim indirect taxes.
	ey.com /global/content.nsf/International/Services_-_Tax_-_Indirect_Tax (294 words)

	Student Homepage
		A direct tax is one that the taxpayer pays directly to the government.
		An indirect tax can be passed on to another person or group.
		Activity 4: Tax Your Memory-Test you tax IQ when you play this memory concentration game.
	www.irs.gov /app/understandingTaxes/servlet/IWT4L4ol (224 words)

	domain-B : Indian business : economy : Changes in indirect tax as expected
		As expected, the budget proposals on indirect taxes announced by the finance minister are on expected lines.
		As revenues from service tax collections have gone up significantly over the last few years, easing the pressure on government finances, it is only natural that the finance minister is targeting the services sector for more tax revenues.
		The service tax rate has been increased from 10 per cent to 12 per cent, a move the finance minister said is aimed at converging the service tax rate and the CENVAT rate.
	www.domain-b.com /economy/budget/union_budget_2006/20060228_indirect_tax.html (1379 words)

	[No title]
		THE ISSUE Tobacco indirect taxation (excise tax, sales tax, VAT and import tariffs) is the most sigruficant e!ernen: of the recail selling price of tobacco products and hence plays a major role in determining the commercial environment in which we operate.
		Tobacco indirect taxation is therefor.- an issue for General Managers who should advise Nlillbank of all changes in tax structures and levels, and discuss any proposals for change with Millbank prior to their submission to Government.
		Experience of indirect tax systems demonstrates clearly that it is preferable to minimise the involvement of the trade in the system so chat the manufacturers essendally retain the optimum influence over tne final retail selling price.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco/batco/OCR/7200/7246.txt (3516 words)

	Direct or Indirect Tax Instruments for Redistribution: Short-run versus Long-run
		Optimal tax theory has shown that, under weak assumptions, indirect taxation such as production subsidies, tariffs, or differentiated commodity taxation, are sub-optimal and that redistribution should be achieved solely with the direct income tax.
		However, these important results of optimal tax theory, namely production efficiency and uniform commodity taxation under non-linear income taxation, have been shown to break down when labor taxation is based on income only and when there is imperfect substitution of labor types in the production function.
		These results in favor of indirect tax instruments are valid in the short-run when skills are exogenous and individuals cannot move from occupation to occupation.
	ideas.repec.org /p/nbr/nberwo/8833.html (459 words)

	Sabrix Delivers Enhanced European Union (EU) and Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Solutions
		With Sabrix applications, tax professionals have a single, real-time view of all transactions and indirect tax exposures as well as a single system of record for tax reporting and audit administration.
		Sabrix, Inc. is a leading provider of enterprise tax software and world-class tax research that enables Global 2000 companies to lower the total cost of tax compliance through the centralized management of indirect taxes.
		Sabrix is committed to further empower tax professionals by ensuring complete visibility and control over indirect taxes, eliminating risks and exposures, facilitating strategic planning and optimization, and delivering a guaranteed return on their technology investment.
	www.sabrix.com /artman/publish/article_53.asp (826 words)

	Hiregange Tax Consultancy Pvt Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 18 years it has concentrated in the area of indirect taxation.
		The firm has committed partners having varied skills providing value added services in the areas of service tax.
		The updated knowledge in this area of taxation coupled with 18 years of service has provided the firm a premier position in consulting in Indirect taxation.
	www.hiregange.com (117 words)

	Tax - Deloitte - Indirect Tax - Deloitte
		The Indirect Tax team can provide both certainty, as well as creative solutions, to the complications and opportunities arising from indirect taxes.
		Our Indirect Tax team can show you how to optimise the efficiency of your compliance systems, avoid overpayments, and minimise the impact of tax assessments.
		The Indirect Tax team has also developed a range of technology based solutions to assist you manage your GST and FBT compliance risks.
	www.deloitte.com /dtt/section_node/0,2332,sid=25058,00.html (282 words)

	Indirect tax collection jumps 16.2%- The Economic Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		NEW DELHI: Centre's indirect tax collections grew by 16.2 per cent at Rs 1,53,988 crore till January this fiscal from Rs 1,32,501 crore during same period of 2004-05.
		Customs collections were up by 14.6 per cent, while excise grew by 10.8 per cent and services tax logged a whopping 66.2 per cent growth, Finance Ministry said in a release on Wednesday.
		A robust growth in manufacturing sector lifted excise duty collections to Rs 85,030 crore during the first 10 months of this fiscal, which is 10.8 per cent higher than Rs 76,720 crore mopped up during the same period of 2004-05.
	economictimes.indiatimes.com /articleshow/1405910.cms (182 words)

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