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Topic: Individual autonomy

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	Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Individual autonomy is an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one's own person, to live one's life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one's own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces.
		Autonomy is central in certain moral frameworks, both as a model of the moral person — the feature of the person by virtue of which she is morally obligated — and as the aspect of persons which ground others' obligations to them.
		(2000) “Autonomy and the Feminist Intuition” in Mackenzie and Stoljar (2000a): 94-111.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/autonomy-moral (10968 words)

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		She believes there is an inherent tension between the conception of individual autonomy used in bioethics and the concept of trust.
		Individual autonomy (as it is currently conceived) emphasizes independence from others whereas trust requires developing relationships with others (24-25).
		She argues that Kant's conception of autonomy is not individual, but is instead a matter of acting on principles and obligations.
	www.unmc.edu /Community/fabnews/Spring2006/Autonomy.htm (1295 words)

	PES Yearbook: 1998: Edward Sankowski, Autonomy, Education, and Politics
		The exercise of autonomy, when autonomy is interpreted as such an educational notion, is not always an activity analogous to the actions of governmental, or even governmental-like, institutions.
		Although individual self-education is crucial for autonomy, the self that sometimes educates oneself is, to a large extent (though not entirely), emergent from culture and community.
		Feinberg here comments on autonomy as the "sovereign authority to govern oneself." His position is puzzling, especially in its unsupported assertion that even if a sense of world community grows, we ought to continue to model individual autonomy on the nation-state.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/PES-Yearbook/1998/sankowski.html (4022 words)

	3. Autonomy or Freedom \| libcom.org
		In 'freedom,' individual selfhood does not stand opposed to or apart from the collective but is significantly formed -- and in a rational society, would be realized -- by his or her own social existence.
		It remains true that individuals never form mere 'collections' -- except perhaps in cyberspace; quite to the contrary, even when they seem atomized and hermetic, they are immensely defined by the relationships they establish or are obliged to establish with each other, by virtue of their very real existence as social beings.
		The social factors that interact with the individual to make him or her a truly willful and creative being are subsumed under transcendental moral abstractions that, given a purely intellectual life of their own, 'exist' outside of history and praxis.
	libcom.org /library/socanlifean3 (2175 words)

	20th WCP: Autonomy, Education, and Societal Legitimacy
		(1) Individual autonomy (particularly as an ethical concept), properly understood, is consistent with an emphasis on the importance of institutions in social and political philosophy.
		The individual self, we suggest, is found in large part by acceptance, rejection, modification, or innovative creation of this or that set of conventions, customs, usages: generously call these institutions.
		Views on autonomy may be distinguished according to the degree and manner in which they incorporate reference to institutions into an account of what autonomy is. Philosophers are not always self-conscious about this when they write about autonomy.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/TEth/TEthSank.htm (2696 words)

	Conference Statement
		Right to autonomous life is now a political, cultural, and social call of both individual and the groups - a rare conformity that points to the critical importance of the problematic of autonomy in the agenda of critical thinking.
		As is currently understood, the notion of autonomy, both as something that belongs to human beings and human nature, and as something that is the source or basis of morality, that is, duty, is bound up inextricably with the philosophy of our time.
		The notion of Autonomy of the autonomies, while aiming at a paradigm shift from domination to non-domination as the fundamental principle of a humane governance at all levels, treats diverse understandings of and claims to autonomy as integral to democratisation process.
	www.mcrg.ac.in /CS.htm (4164 words)

	Criminal Law
		Individual autonomy is said to be respected by the state in punishing the individual because the state is respecting the choice of the individual to be punished.
		As a Utilitarian principle, the harm principle recognizes the expression of individual autonomy in the notion that each individual knows what is best for himself and should be allowed to act in a fashion that he believes to be best for himself.
		An individual's dignity has been offended when any action directed towards that individual causes a denial of that individual's unique moral worth as a human being, irrespective of whether any harm, physical or psychological, was inflicted and/or of whether there was consent involved in said action.
	www.freewebs.com /rhetoric-law/criminallaw.html (1299 words)

	The Art of Walking the Razor's Edge - Reconciling Autonomy and Community
		Gablik is clearly confusing autonomy with individualism, as demonstrated by the interchangeable way in which she uses the terms.
		Conflating autonomy and individualism, she collapses the two dimensions about which we spoke earlier - the dimension of freedom/heteronomy and the dimension of independence/interrelatedness - into one.
		From the vantage point of individualism — the vision of the self in ultimate control, whose innermost impulse is to self-assertion — it is virtually impossible to imagine the relational pattern between individuals and society changing to a complementary partnership that is symmetrical and that forges mutually enhancing connections.
	www.quadrant4.org /razor.html (3876 words)

	LDSLF: Individual Autonomy and Collective Morality: Elder L. Tom Perry
		An individual does not have to give an account to anyone or anything except to himself and, to a limited extent, to the society in which he lives.
		The pursuit of so-called individual freedoms, without regard to laws the Lord has established to govern His children on earth, will result in the curse of extreme worldliness and selfishness, the decline of public and private morality, and the defiance of authority.
		This idea of individual autonomy as a moral good is a major basis of classical liberal and libertarian thought; hence, by implication, Elder Perry is condemning thinkers such as John Locke, J.S. Mill, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and so forth.
	ldsliberationfront.net /?p=30 (1455 words)

	Individual Autonomy v. Public Good
		Marriage and family is not about individual autonomy; it's actually an integrative social institution, working for the best interests of those in the family unit, as well as for the best interest of society, because that ultimately helps the family.
		What we know about families is that when an individual becomes self-centered and selfish, maintaining and asserting his or her rights within the family unit, that family is in trouble.
		If legislatures or courts determine that it is within their power to remake or redefine marriage to satisfy the individualistic whims of a small but vocal group of people, then we will have, for the first time, marriage and family that government created.
	www.fri-wi.org /media/radio_transcripts/600.htm (718 words)

	The Autonomy of the Individual in a Newly Free Society [Cristina Bejan]
		To value autonomy in a given society, means to recognize that every man has to the right to his own pursuit of happiness so long as his pursuit does not infringe upon the rights of others.
		Autonomy is the “Idea of the will of every rational being as a will which makes universal law.” Man’s will crafts the moral law and his reason ensures that he acts according to it.
		Autonomy and the institutions that preserve it are worthy of fear and doubt as well because the Romanian can perceive them as being imposed on him from the outside.
	dogma.free.fr /txt/CB-Autonomy.htm (14487 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Universals
		Universal ideas are opposed to sense impressions, which represent that which is merely individual and contingent in a concrete phenomenon, and thus that which changes with circumstances in corporeal things of the same kind.
		While the senses are grasping what is individual in the phenomena, the intellect presses onward to the essence or nature of the thing, and grasps especially that which is most universal, its independence, and forms the idea of substance.
		It simultaneously seizes the notes of existence pertaining to and borne by the substance (accidents), which in the individual phenomenon are the object of the senses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15182a.htm (1242 words)

	Demetrius at The Australian National University: Item 1885/41841 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Communitarians argue that liberals emphasise the value of the individual to the exclusion of the community, and urge us to reaffirm the value of the community and extend the protections necessary for its survival.
		Underlining individual autonomy as the central value of liberal society, he claimed that a viable community is essential for providing a cultural context of choice in which autonomy is possible.
		Kymlicka’s formulation thus brings together two concepts, that of autonomy with respect to individual agency, and autonomy as applied to the group in its independence from the dominant cultural community; and the latter is necessarily supportive of the former.
	hdl.handle.net /1885/41841 (311 words)

	eMJA: A philosophical approach to rationing
		If autonomy is defined strictly in terms of atomistic individuality, then the social obligations and duties of persons are subordinated to their individual rights.
		The other view is that none of these criteria of autonomy precludes inter-dependence, and the assertion of radical individuality is a conceit that ignores the social context and social character of people.
		On this interpretation, autonomy must be reformulated into a balanced relationship between the needs and rights of the individual with due consideration of the interests of the group.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/178_09_050503/tau10620_fm.html (2568 words)

	INDIVIDUAL AUTONOMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Autonomy is a desirable trait: the right to set your own agenda to conduct your own affairs with a minimum of outside interference.
		I propose that the concept of autonomy be extended to cover the smallest group in society: the group of one, the individual.
		Individualism is an alien concept in most parts of the world.
	www.niagara.com /~freedom/accniag/auto.htm (487 words)

	The New Frontier in Democratic Theory and Practice: Organizational Forms that Simultaneously Optimize Autonomy & ...
		Individuals at the higher end of the spectrum are sensitive to their interconnectedness with their peers and their surroundings.
		Individualism is basically a form of isolation and does not necessarily contribute to the development of the self or to the individual’s capacity to become self-determined.
		Although there may be no practical difference in comparing the consequent actions of individuals in the group (the two individuals in either case inact their decision), in the “standing aside” process the autonomy of the individual is acknowledged and respected.
	quadrant4.org /thesis/chapter1b.html (4533 words)

	The Declaration of Individual Autonomy, by Philip H. Farber:
		But when a long train of abuses and usurpations evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism or Dogma not chosen by the individual concerned, it is their right, it can be their choice, to throw off such a Government and to accept responsibility, each for their own future security.
		Therefore, those of us who now declare their individual autonomy (and this document speaks only for those who freely choose to do so) are faced with a potentially arduous task of self-examination, compounded by the resistance encountered from those who do not comprehend the changes engendered by this individual declaration.
		If one person and another believe that it is their will to band together for a specific purpose, under delineated restrictions, then they are free to do so, given that their purpose still respects and allows the differing beliefs and actions of those who stay apart from their group.
	www.heart7.net /declaration-individual-autonomy.html (544 words)

	A Defence of Individual Autonomy in a Multination Liberal State
		For this reason, the liberal state is neither entitled nor strongly obligated to protect their individual rights, and it cannot impose its liberal values and practices on to the illiberal national minority.
		Therefore, to the extent that every individual is morally responsible for defending the rights of every other individual when the opportunity presents itself, the liberal state is obligated to make efforts to protect members of the illiberal national minorities, whenever possible.
		With the former, self-government rights should be denied in order to fulfil the obligation to protect the individual rights of the members of the minority, which is an obligation that stems from their equal citizenship.
	www.philosophy.ubc.ca /prolegom/backissues/papers/Lowry.htm (1863 words)

	Classical Values :: Freedom is annoying
		At the heart of the recognition by the Second Amendment of the right to keep and bear arms is a very moral view that individuals have a right to defend themselves and their homes, and to overthrow a tyrannical government.
		Personal autonomy is fine and dandy, but personal autonomy without stricture is unfocussed and likely dangerous (unless you're of a Rousseauian bent and believe in the inherent goodness of Man).
		Individual autonomy is a moral value, if not the highest moral value, or that which all moral value presupposes.
	www.classicalvalues.com /archives/001707.html (2274 words)

	Glossary of People: Ad
		He developed a flexible method of psychotherapy to assist people to overcome feelings of inferiority, focussing on the relation of an individual to the goals and values determined by their social environment.
		Adler held that difficulties people encounter in gaining self-esteem and recognition, if not overcome by the normal means lead to compensatory behaviour and resultant personality disorders which are now widely referred to as an inferiority complex.
		Adorno concluded that rationalism offers little hope for human emancipation, which might come instead from art and the prospects it offers for preserving individual autonomy and happiness.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/a/d.htm (994 words)

	Dramachine.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While the form of the image is from the viewer’s individual perspective, that perspective is assumed to be completely compatible with the idea of objective truth.
		You, the individual, are important enough that the image will be composed from your literal point of view, but your metaphorical “point of view” is subordinate to the quest for Truth.
		The game screenshot, while also from the individual’s perspective, symbolizes the move to relativism, in which “your point of view” is now assumed to be incompatible with the idea of objective truth.
	www.dramachine.com (2906 words)

	Law 200 - Constitutional Rights and Individual Autonomy \| Course Descriptions \| UCLA Law
		We will explore the various, sometimes competing, conceptions of individual rights in constitutional jurisprudence.
		A main focus will be to characterize and assess the sense in which these rights represent and successfully discharge a justifiable commitment to individual autonomy and liberty.
		Another theme concerns just what a right is--what sort of justifications are required to posit a right (as opposed to a mere interest) and what consequences should follow from asserting that something is a right.
	www.law.ucla.edu /home/index.asp?page=58 (221 words)

	On the Differences between Open Source and Open Culture [1] • F.Stalder \| Media Mutandis - a NODE.London Reader
		This gives the individual contributors a high degree of autonomy, without diluting the overall quality of the emergent result.
		While this is not a commons in a legal sense (the images in Flickr.com remain in the ownership of the author), nor, really, in intention, the fact that the resource as a whole is searchable (through user-defined image tags) does create a de-facto commons.
		The production of new cultural artefacts remains, as always, in the hands of individuals or small groups, but the material they work with is not only their own inner vision, honed as autonomous creators, but also other people’s work, made available in resource pools.
	publication.nodel.org /On-the-Differences (3858 words)

	PTypes Weblog
		"The Enlightenment ideals of critical skepticism and humanist concern for individual autonomy (i.e.
		The paramount value is the common good, not individual autonomy.
		Marriage was instituted not so much for the good of individuals, though, of course, it's a solution that also solves individual "problems," but for the good of society.
	ptypes.pitas.com (2206 words)

	anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Well intentioned because based on the highest ideals of respect for individual autonomy, but deeply flawed because of incorrect assumptions about the way people make decisions and of how the health care system is structured.
		We are not rational calculators balancing length of life against a metric of suffering as though making a choice about mortgage rates or the purchase of a new computer.
		In the developed world the life of almost any individual body can be extended, the dying process prolonged.
	www.info-anthroplogy.com (2317 words)

	Carolina Academic Press: Professional Values and Individual Autonomy
		Professional Values and Individual Autonomy: The United States Supreme Court and Lawyer Advertising begins with a comprehensive history of the issue of lawyer advertising in the United States from the early nineteenth century until 1977.
		It focuses on the changing nature of the legal profession's view of the compatibility of advertising with the concept of law as a "profession."
		If you wish to contact us about a non-web related issue, please visit our Contacts Page
	www.cap-press.com /books/102 (365 words)

	Find in a Library: The Inner citadel : essays on individual autonomy
		Find in a Library: The Inner citadel : essays on individual autonomy
		The Inner citadel : essays on individual autonomy
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/7a48ee66680f1e67a19afeb4da09e526.html (63 words)

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