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Topic: Individual capital

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	Social Capital* - Mario Tronti
		Capital's process of socialization is the specific materials base upon which is founded, on a certain level, the process of development of capitalism.
		It is not the intensity of capital that measures the exploitation of workers.
		Even in terms of individual capital, capital is a social relation, and the individual capitalist is the personification of this relation: he is a function of his own capital.
	www.geocities.com /cordobakaf/tronti_social_capital.html (8772 words)

	Individual capital - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Individual capital comprises inalienable or personal traits of persons, tied to their bodies and available only through their own free will, such as skill, creativity, enterprise, courage, capacity for moral example, non-communicable wisdom, invention or empathy, non-transferable personal trust and leadership.
		Neoclassical economics by contrast refers to "the individual in whom the human capital is...
		Perhaps because of this, not all theorists recognize individual capital as being as essential as labour, or distinct from social or political influence, or from instructional capacity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Individual_capital (672 words)

	Human capital - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this view, human capital is similar to "physical means of production", e.g., factories and machines: one can invest in human capital (via education, training, medical treatment) and one's income depends partly on the rate of return on the human capital one owns.
		Human capital is substitutable: it will not replace land, labor, or capital totally, but it can be substituted for them to various degrees and be included as a separate variable in a production function.
		Other analysis, for instance in human development theory, differentiate social trust (social capital), sharable knowledge (instructional capital), and the individual leadership and creativity (individual capital) as three distinct capacities of a human applying him or her self in economic activity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_capital (1045 words)

	Capital (economics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Investment or capital accumulation in classical economic theory is the act of producing increased capital.
		Individual capital which is inherent in persons, protected by societies, and trades labor for trust or money.
		However, this increasingly distinguishes means of capital investment, and collection of potential rewards for patent, copyright (creative or individual capital), and trademark (social trust or social capital) instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capital_(economics) (908 words)

	Learn more about Capital (economics) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		For example, investment in skills and education can be viewed as building up human capital (or in more detailed analyses, building up individual capital using instructional capital, recognizing that both the individual and the instruction may benefit from the interaction).
		Instructional capital which is adequately-tested knowledge that persons and communities and software executes to predict/create or avoid futures that they consider desirable, or not.
		However, this increasingly distinguishes means of capital investment, and collection of potential rewards for patent (imitative or instructional capital), copyright (creative or individual capital), and trademark (social trust or social capital) instruments.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ca/capital__economics_.html (1210 words)

	Creative Capital Foundation
		Creative Capital is the recipient of one of the first grants from a newly established foundation in Los Angeles, The Muriel Pollia Foundation.
		Creative Capital, a New York City-based nonprofit organization, acts as a catalyst for the development of adventurous and imaginative ideas by supporting artists who pursue innovation in form and/or content in the performing and visual arts, film and video, and in emerging fields.
		Creative Capital is well represented at this year's Venice Biennale with work by Luca Buvoli in the international exhibition at the Arsenale and an outdoor installation by Hasan Elahi in the exhibition Migration Addicts.
	www.creative-capital.org (532 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Individual capital - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Individual capital refers to inalienable or personal traits of persons, tied to their bodies and available only through their own free will, such as skill[?], creativity, enterprise, courage, capacity for moral example, non-communicable wisdom, invention or empathy[?], non-transferable personal trust and leadership.
		Human development theory sees labour as the yield of individual capital in the same way that macro-economics sees financial capital as the yield of the looser idea of human capital.
		In other theories that pay less attention to these issues, the phrase firm-specific human capital may be used, which clearly includes individual capital, but includes at least also some "firm-specific" social capital (community trust) and instructional capital (sharable knowledge or skills).
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/in/Individual_capital (574 words)

	Marx, Capital, Volume II, Part I, Chapter 4: Library of Economics and Liberty
		As the individual industrial capital has a definite volume which does not merely depend on the means of the capitalist and which has a minimum magnitude for every branch of production, it follows that its division must proceed according to definite proportions.
		Capital, as a value creating more value, is not merely conditioned on class-relations, on a definite social system resting on the existence of labor in the form of wage-labor.
		The rate at which value is added to the capital of the capitalist increases in proportion to the difference between his supply and his demand, that is to say in proportion as the surplus of the commodities which he places on the market exceeds the value of the commodities which he has taken from it.
	www.econlib.org /LIBRARY/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpB4.html (6173 words)

	Capital: Volume Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Every individual capital forms, however, but an individualised fraction, a fraction endowed with individual life, as it were, of the aggregate social capital, just as every individual capitalist is but an individual element of the capitalist class.
		The movement of the social capital consists of the totality of the movements of its individualised fractional parts, the turnovers of the individual capitals.
		At any rate, the circuit of capital comprises also the circulation of the surplus-value, since the latter is a part of the commodity capital, and likewise the conversion of the variable capital into labour-power, the payment of wages.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1885-c2/ch18.htm (2472 words)

	Individual capital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Individual capital refers to inalienable or personal traits persons tied to their bodies and available through their own free will such as skill creativity enterprise courage capacity for moral example non-communicable wisdom invention or empathy non-transferable personal trust and leadership.
		Perhaps because of this not all theorists individual capital as being as essential as or distinct from social or political influence from instructional capacity.
		For individual even skill at a highly imitative enterprise sports or mastery of a musical instrument this is very often quite measurable.
	www.freeglossary.com /Individual_capital (883 words)

	Nikolai Bukharin: Imperialism and World Economy - Chapter X : Reproduction of the Processes of Concentration and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		It is the concentration of already formed capitals, the destruction of their individual independence, the expropriation of capitalist by capitalist, the transformation of many small capitals into a few large ones.
		By concentration we understand the increase of capital that is due to the capitalisation of the surplus value produced by that capital; under centralisation we understand the joining together of various individual capital units which thus form a new larger unit.
		Capital accumulation no more increased the capital of individual producers; it turned into a means of increasing the capi tal of entrepreneurs' organisations.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/10.htm (1681 words)

	Taxing Corporate Capital Gains
		Corporate capital gains realizations amount to 30 percent of individual capital gains realizations over the last half a century, and have grown in relative importance through the 1990s.
		Corporate capital gains also appear to have increased in importance relative to other sources of income for corporations -- by 1999, capital gains realizations were 21 percent of income subject to tax for U.S. firms.
		Finally, the favorable tax treatment of intercorporate dividends relative to capital gains earned by corporations may distort the pattern of stock ownership and is likely to trigger a number of tax planning efforts, detailed in the paper, to benefit from this tax rate differential.
	www.nber.org /digest/apr04/w10153.html (582 words)

	Exploring Bourdieu Using an Evolutionary Simulation Model
		In formulating his analysis of individual trajectories, Bourdieu (1984) refers to the ‘evolution over time of the volume and structure of their capital’ (p.111) and reveals that ‘one sees the attraction of evolutionist models’ (p.163).
		It could be posited that their individual capital structure to some extent mutates - their economic and cultural capital declines due to structural changes in society as a whole but also because of the way in which they react and shape these structural changes.
		This splitting of individuals into groups according to high and low capital-owning categories are used when a new generation of individuals is to be produced.
	www.stormpages.com /bradders/bourdieu1Paper.htm (2839 words)

	Instructional capital - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Instructional capital is a term used in educational administration, to reflect capital resulting from investment in producing learning materials.
		Instructional capital is agreements that can be used to guide or limit or restrict action by individual capital (people, if the instructions are written in natural language) or infrastructural capital (equipment, if the instructions are software).
		It cannot generally make either individuals or infrastructure do what they are not trained or designed to do, but, it can help prevent them from doing most stupid, destructive and dangerous things.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /instructional_capital.htm (190 words)

	Capital Gains Taxes and Equity Prices
		Thus, although we might predict that the extent to which capital gains taxes affect equity prices is a function of the extent to which individuals hold its stock, we are almost always left with crude estimates of the individual ownership of a specific company.
		Examining the confidential records of individual shareholders, we find that, during the period that the stock was in play, shareholders facing smaller capital gains taxes sold their shares at a lower price than did shareholders facing larger capital gains taxes.
		We assume that individuals will be more attracted (from a tax perspective) to firms paying low or no dividends, that is, companies where a higher percentage of their returns would come from capital gains, rather than dividends.
	www.nber.org /reporter/fall04/shackelford.html (3337 words)

	Human Capital
		All individuals attain a certain stock of human capital and this level is primarily influenced by education and training.
		Imperfections may favour investment in physical rather than human capital because human capital is embodied in the individual and this means in the case of default, the financial institution has no collectable collateral on a loan.
		Individuals tend to be better at some activities than at others and it is these innate qualities that should be exploited.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/econrev/ser/html/hkap2.html (3274 words)

	Encouraging Personal Saving and Investment: Changing the Tax Treatment of Unrealized Capital Gains
		Thus, many individuals could have had an incentive to avoid the burdensomely high individual surtax rate by shifting their investments to corporations with low rates of distribution, thus obtaining a tax deferral based on the difference between their marginal surtax rate and the corporation tax rate on undistributed profits.
		Changing the tax treatment of mutual funds to allow the realization point that triggers a capital gains tax liability to be moved from the mutual fund level to the shareholder level would increase the rate of return to shareholders and relieve many shareholders of the burdensome necessity of accounting for reinvested capital gain distributions.
		Changing the realization point of capital gains taxation from the corporate level to the individual level is equitable and fair since shareholders of mutual funds are primarily affected by the current tax treatment of unrealized capital gains.
	www.house.gov /jec/tax/mutual/mutual.htm (4121 words)

	Capital One - Individual Retirement Accounts FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		An IRA is an individual retirement account into which you put your money to let earnings grow tax-deferred or even tax free until you retire and begin to draw funds.
		Your IRA is FDIC insured up to $100,000 per depositor, and, because Capital One IRAs are CD accounts, your rate is guaranteed for the life of the term.
		Capital One does not provide, endorse, nor guarantee and is not liable for third party products, services, educational tools, or other information available through this site.
	capitalone.com /investments/ira/faqs.shtml?... (825 words)

	Other Funding Sources Identified in Summary of Capital Requests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Although individual capital plans provide the advantage of focused expertise on a particular type current and long term capital need for city government, a major disadvantage is that there is not a single source of capital planning information available to interested parties.
		Individual long term capital plans have been developed by each of these departments, but a consolidated fiscal view of these plans is required.
		Two of the three cumulative capital funds are based on property tax assessments (Cumulative Capital Improvement rate and Cumulative Capital Development), and the third is based on a distribution of cigarette tax proceeds from the State of Indiana.
	www.city.bloomington.in.us /controller/clerkprog03.html.phtml (1685 words)

	ENGL 571: Hayes on Forms of Capital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		As embodied capital becomes integrated into the individual, it becomes a type of habitus and therefore cannot be transmitted instantaneously.
		Finally, cultural capital in its institutionalized state provides academic credentials and qualifications which create a "certificate of cultural competence which confers on its holder a conventional, constant, legally guaranteed value with respect to power." (248) These academic qualifications can then be used as a rate of conversion between cultural and economic capital.
		He states that the ability and talent of an individual is primarily determined by the time and cultural capital invested in them by their parents.
	www.english.upenn.edu /~jenglish/Courses/hayes-pap.html (478 words)

	Individual Tourist - hotels, car-rentals and tourist information
		Thank you for visiting Individual Tourist, your one stop source for tourist information, hotels and car-rentals.
		Individual Tourist offers you tourism related information for over 19'000 destinations around the world.
		Spain with its capital Madrid and the top touristical cities Barcelona, Sevilla and Valencia.
	www.individualtourist.com (154 words)

	Angel Capital Association
		The Angel Capital Association is North America's professional alliance of angel groups.
		This fast-growing association brings together many of the 265 angel organizations in the United States and Canada to share best practices, network, and help develop data about the field of angel investing.
		Any investment opportunities must be presented to an individual member angel organization or via someone in your community who can provide a referral.
	www.angelcapitalassociation.org (193 words)

	Open Directory - Business: Investing: Money Managers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Circle Peak Capital Management LLC - A private equity investment firm that acts as a long-term management partner in minority or control-stake investments to private companies of up to $25 million in the consumer and financial services sectors.
		Condor Capital - Located in Martinsville, New Jersey, is an SEC-registered growth manager who employs a combination of growth and value style investments.
		Flagship Capital Management, LLC - An independent fee-only wealth management firm specializing in contrarian and market-neutral investment strategies and retirement planning for indiviudals, foundations, and institutions.
	www.newhoo.com /Business/Investing/Money_Managers (5851 words)

	Leadership Capital Group
		Building an organization that is highly leveraged in Individual Capital and Cultural Capital creates an environment that promotes customer intimacy and repeat business generating “top-line” impact.
		When salespeople were selected in an effort to increase the value of the corporation’s Individual Capital there was 63% less turnover during the first year than those selected in the typical way (Spencer and Spencer, 1993; Spencer, McClelland, and Kelner, 1997).
		LCG can help your sales team build the Individual Capital necessary to positively affect the top-line by focusing on a People Strategy with product in the LCG Offering.
	www.leadershipcg.com /what/business_issues/sales.cfm (296 words)

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