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Topic: Individual cases of anthrax

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	Bioterrorism and Me: Diseases: Anthrax
		Inhalation anthrax is caused by inhaling or breathing in anthrax spores, and is the likeliest route to be used by terrorists.
		Intestinal anthrax is caused by eating anthrax spores or the uncooked meat of an infected animal.
		Intestinal anthrax is fatal in 25 to 60 percent of the cases.
	www.indiana.edu /~pirt/bioterrorism/diseases-anthrax.html (1149 words)

	2001 anthrax attacks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The anthrax sent to the Senators caused the more dangerous form of infection known as inhalation anthrax, as did the anthrax sent to AMI in Florida.
		The anthrax sent were of different grades but all of the material derived from the same bacterial strain.
		Although his doctors believe that the illness was caused by anthrax exposure, blood tests did not find anthrax bacteria or antibodies, and therefore the CDC does not recognize it as a case of inhalation anthrax.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Individual_cases_of_anthrax (3516 words)

	Anthrax Vaccines
		The average yearly incidence of clinical anthrax in this population was 1 percent.
		During the evaluation period, 26 cases of anthrax occurred.
		Individual articles are based upon the opinions of the respective author, who retains copyright as marked.
	www.mercola.com /article/anthrax/anthrax_vaccines.htm (652 words)

	Analysis of Anthrax Attacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The anthrax investigation has raised questions about the nature and value of the work at Ft. Detrick and has brought to light the granting of security clearance and free access to highly dangerous biological agents to someone with falsified credentials--very disturbing whether or not he turns out to be the perpetrator of the anthrax attacks.
		The anthrax letters to NBC and the NY Post had been mailed at the same time (18 Sept) and it is possible that the perpetrator mailed hoax letters on 20 Sept to all of those previously sent anthrax.
		If the anthrax was weaponized by the perpetrator himself, there may be some differences from anthrax weaponized by the government, depending on the availability of materials to the perpetrator and the conditions of preparation.
	www.fas.org /bwc/news/anthraxreport.htm (6431 words)

	CNN.com - Letter scrutinized as possible source of anthrax - October 8, 2001
		Employees at American Media Inc. are being tested for anthrax and given preventive antibiotics after the one worker died, another was exposed and traces of the deadly bacteria were found in a work station.
		Anthrax was found in the work space of the employee who died.
		The anthrax bacteria exposure may be traced to natural sources, but officials consider the situation "a source of concern," White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer said.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/HEALTH/10/08/florida.anthrax.case (941 words)

	CDC Anthrax Q & A
		Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
		Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic lower vertebrates (cattle, sheep, goats, camels, antelopes, and other herbivores), but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or to tissue from infected animals or when anthrax spores are used as a bioterrorist weapon.
		For gastrointestinal anthrax, the case-fatality rate is estimated to be 25%-60% and the effect of early antibiotic treatment on that case-fatality rate is not defined.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/anthrax/faq (2151 words)

	CDC Media Relations: Press Release
		To date, the investigation has confirmed: 1) a single case of anthrax illness in a patient who died, 2) an individual exposed to anthrax with laboratory confirmation of exposure who continues to be hospitalized and, 3) another individual with laboratory confirmation of exposure who is not hospitalized.
		A total of 100 cases of antibiotics were air shipped to Palm Beach County and were in place before the clinic doors opened to the nearly 1,000 AMI building workers and visitors who were evaluated and prescribed protective antibiotics.
		The tests confirmed anthrax and determined that the strain of anthrax was sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics, including penicillin, giving public health officials important treatment information.
	www.cdc.gov /od/oc/Media/pressrel/r011011a.htm (723 words)

	CNS - ANTHRAX: Background Report
		Anthrax describes the disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a naturally-occurring organism that has been weaponized in the past by both the United States and former Soviet Union for their respective biological warfare (BW) programs.
		There are three major routes of infection for anthrax: (1) the cutaneous form (most common), (2) gastrointestinal (from ingestion of microorganisms in contaminated meat, for example) and (3) inhalation anthrax.
		Primarily because the window of opportunity is smaller for detection of the disease, the ingested route of anthrax infection has a poorer prognosis, approximately 50% of such cases are fatal, while the inhalation form is even more deadly.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/reports/anthrax.htm (1059 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Demand for prophylaxis after bioterrorism-related anthrax cases, 2001
		Media reports suggested increased public demand for anthrax prophylaxis after the intentional anthrax cases in 2001, but the magnitude of anthrax-related prescribing in unaffected regions was not assessed.
		The purpose of this investigation was to assess patient demand for anthrax prophylaxis and changes in fluoroquinolone use in late 2001 in a region of the country in which no cases or exposures occurred.
		Penicillin or amoxicillin use was recommended for anthrax use only when the first-line agents were contraindicated, and it is therefore unlikely that a substantial number of these prescriptions were generated for anthrax-related concerns.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_1_11/ai_n8966502 (1242 words)

	CBS News \| Anthrax Cases May Be Linked \| January 31, 2002 08:44:34
		Investigators say the same type of anthrax spore seen in the first case discovered at the offices of American Media, Inc., in Florida was also in the letter sent to NBC anchor Tom Brokaw and the one sent to Senator Tom Daschle.
		The spate of anthrax infections could be an organized conspiracy, Attorney General John Ashcroft says.
		Anthrax fears are prompting changes in corporate mailrooms all over the country.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2002/01/31/health/main327701.shtml (450 words)

	NEJM -- Anthrax
		Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from the Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979.
		Observations on the prophylaxis of experimental pulmonary anthrax in the monkey.
		Vancurik J. Causes of the failure of antibiotic prophylaxis of inhalation anthrax and clearance of the spores from the lungs.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/341/11/815 (7354 words)

	Anthrax, NIAID Fact Sheet
		Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
		In October 2001, anthrax spores were sent through the U.S. mail and caused 18 confirmed cases of anthrax (11 inhalation, 7 cutaneous).
		Five individuals with inhalation anthrax died; none of the cutaneous cases was fatal.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /factsheets/anthrax.htm (1997 words)

	Update: Anthrax Investigations, Florida and New York
		While it is not certain that the child came into contact with anthrax bacteria at the ABC building, it is currently the focus of the investigation.
		The anthrax vaccine is only available to the military and is not recommended for the general public.
		If a case of anthrax is confirmed, CDC will immediately work with state and local health officials to report this case to the public and to describe any actions that should be taken by the medical community or the public.
	home.hiwaay.net /~garson/anthraxC1001.htm (948 words)

	2 cases challenge beliefs on who may get anthrax - baltimoresun.com
		Federal health officials said yesterday that they are investigating the possibility of the anthrax threat spreading to homes, because of disturbing questions raised by infections in a New York hospital worker and a New Jersey accountant.
		A puzzling case in N.Y. In New York, investigators are trying to trace the footsteps of the most recent anthrax victim, a 61-year-old stockroom worker at Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital.
		Her case is puzzling because investigators have not found an anthrax-laced letter that she might have opened, and she only occasionally handled mail as part of her job, health authorities said.
	www.baltimoresun.com /business/bal-te.anthrax31oct31,0,1365955.story (771 words)

	Anthrax eTool: What should I do if I have an anthrax threat at my worksite?
		The actions that will constitute an appropriate response for an anthrax threat will depend on how the threat was discovered and the credibility of a threat at your facility (for example, which zone your facility fits into on the Anthrax Risk Reduction Matrix).
		Many of the anthrax symptoms are similar to common illnesses, such as the flu, and can cause unnecessary distress in the workplace.
		If no confirmed cases of anthrax are discovered, it is unlikely that a credible threat of anthrax exposure exists at your worksite.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/etools/anthrax/initial_actions.html (928 words)

	Online NewsHour: Anthrax Cases - October 12, 2001
		To examine the anthrax cases in Florida and New York, Margaret Warner talks to Dr. Philip Brachman, Emory professor and former member of the CDC's Anthrax Investigation Program.
		We've had only 18 cases of inhalational anthrax since 1900 where we've had maybe close to 300 or more cases of cutaneous anthrax.
		PHILIP BRACHMAN: Well, the cutaneous anthrax is usually the first evidence is a small little bleb vesicle on the skin.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/health/july-dec01/anthraxmw_10-12.html (1132 words)

	The Florida anthrax cases
		Sometime between the time the anthrax was spilled and the time the AMI building was evacuated three weeks later, someone from the cleaning staff almost certainly vacuumed the rugs.
		And the one case of anthrax that he could reasonably assume he had caused was being diagnosed as being from natural causes.
		One of the odd things about the anthrax attacks was the fact that 7 of the 8 New York cases had been cutaneous (the exception being Kathy Nguyen), and both Florida anthrax cases had been inhalation.
	www.anthraxinvestigation.com /Florida.html (5474 words)

	Information on Anthrax Hoax Cases
		While no anthrax cases have been reported this year, the FBI is still investigating the cases from last fall when the Ames strain of the virus was sent through the US mail system, killing five people.
		In anthrax cases, they said, the wound has a hard covering, which was not found in any of the five cases.
		In one other case a Modesto man, convicted after a court trial, plans to appeal arguing that no anthrax was actually sent in an envelope, which contained cornstarch, that he used to pay a parking citation.
	www.anthraxinvestigation.com /hoaxes.html (16350 words)

	CNN.com - Authorities report no progress as 4th anthrax victim dies - October 31, 2001
		He said investigators are still trying to determine the source of the anthrax found in three letters and numerous government buildings.
		Investigators have been troubled by Nguyen's case -- New York's first case of inhalation anthrax -- because they have been unable to learn where she may have been exposed to the bacteria.
		• Responding to reports of a second case of anthrax at the Manhattan hospital, Giuliani said one of the employees tested "complained of having a lesion." A biopsy from the lesion was sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing for possible skin anthrax.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/HEALTH/conditions/10/31/anthrax (822 words)

	CDC Media Relations: Press Release
		Based on a rigorous case definition, CDC is reporting 12 confirmed cases of anthrax: 2 in Florida, 3 in New York City, 2 in New Jersey, and 5 in Washington, D.C. (in collaboration with MD and VA).
		CDC defines a confirmed case of anthrax as 1) a clinically compatible case of cutaneous, inhalational, or gastrointestinal illness that is laboratory confirmed by isolation of B.
		Actual anthrax disease is confirmed through clinical and laboratory diagnosis as in the cases of the two males employed by AMI.
	www.cdc.gov /od/oc/Media/pressrel/r011027a.htm (301 words)

	Listserve For EmergencyMedical Practioners: Re: [EMED-L] Anthrax
		We've been told the chance of such is 100%.
		Now....we indeed do find two cases of Anthrax (in a media facility), and
		Anthrax into an office building in such a lethal form.
	www.ucsf.edu /its/listserv/emed-l/4141.html (241 words)

	Anthrax cases: related?
		As the number of anthrax cases continues to grow, involving states from Florida to New York to Nevada, the lack of a clear connection between them has left officials unsure of what to look for - and left many Americans eyeing their mail with a new level of suspicion.
		The letter that infected one and possibly two NBC News employees in New York contained an unspecified threat to anchor Tom Brokaw, and was postmarked from Trenton, N.J. The one sent to a Microsoft branch in Reno, Nev., came from Malaysia and contained pornographic clippings.
		In the original case involving the offices of American Media in Boca Raton, Fla., the source of the anthrax has not yet been identified.
	www.csmonitor.com /2001/1015/p1s2-usju.html (990 words)

	Breaking News - Anthrax cases - TheFiringLine Forums
		Just listening on FoxNews to reports that there are 2 confirmed cases of inhalation anthrax, and 2 possible deaths.
		God help them if they do, from my reading, inhalation anthrax is 99% lethal if not treated within 48 hours.
		Ivan C.A. Walks, Washington's Chief Health Officer, said that the causes of death were "suspicious" and consistent with anthrax, but that tests had not yet come back positive for either individual.
	www.thefiringline.com /forums/showthread.php?t=85835 (139 words)

	New search planned in Boca cases of anthrax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Investigators, sources said, will be looking for an envelope or envelopes that may have carried anthrax into the site -- the first in several anthrax attacks along the East Coast that killed five people and sickened 13 others.
		I can only hope that all of this talk of "returning to check for clues that may have been missed in the original investigation last fall" is a set up and we have known for 10 months that Mohammed Atta is the anthrax perp.
		Because if that is NOT the case we are in very, very deep trouble having an agency called the FBI that is worse than useless, being actually a security threat to the nation it is meant to serve.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/739479/posts (1397 words)

	The Avalon Project : Centers for Disease Control - Public Health Message Regarding Anthrax Case; October 11, 2001
		Anthrax is a clinical illness caused by Bacillus anthracis (also called B. anthracis); three main types of anthrax are cutaneous (acquired through direct skin contact with source); gastrointestinal (acquired by ingestion); and inhalation (acquired through the airways from environmental sources).
		A total of 100 cases of antibiotics were air shipped to Palm
		Beach County and were in place before the clinic doors opened to the nearly 1,000 AMI building workers and visitors who were evaluated and prescribed protective antibiotics.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/sept_11/cdc_005.htm (750 words)

	Current events - Wikipedia
		Please move yesterday's new topics below, or delete them from the page (if they aren't going to continue to be important in ongoing news developments).
		Developing stories: 2001 Coalition Attack on Afghanistan - individual cases of anthrax
		Military/guerilla/defense technology and strategy: aircraft carrier - airport security - anthrax - antibiotic resistance - baggage screening - biological warfare - biological weapon - car bomb - ciprofloxacin - domestic security - gas mask - germ warfare - aircraft hijacking - smallpox - terrorist cell - vaccine
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Current_events (950 words)

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