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	Individualist anarchism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Individualist anarchism's roots includes Europeans such as William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Emile Armand, Oscar Wilde, Han Ryner and Max Stirner (who is also connected to the existentialist philosophy), though the individualist anarchist tradition draws heavily on American independent thinkers, including Josiah Warren, Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Ezra Heywood, Stephen Pearl Andrews, and Henry David Thoreau.
		While individualist anarchism is often seen as including William Godwin and Max Stirner, it is most often associated with the market anarchism found in the native American tradition, which advocates individual ownership of the produce of labor and a market economy where this property may be bought and sold.
		Individualist anarchism of this type is in contrast to social(ist) anarchism which holds that productive property should be in the control of the society at large in various forms of worker collectives and that the produce of labor should be collectivized.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Individualist_anarchism (3558 words)

	Anarchism in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most famous individualist anarchist, Benjamin Tucker, referred to his philosophy as "unterrified Jeffersonianism." The individualists adhere to a labor theory of value and therefore find profit in trade to be exploitation that is made possible by coercive "monopolies," backed or created by the state, which reduce competition.
		Individualist anarchists regard the most foundational differences between their economic philosophy (mutualism) and anarcho-communism to be the issue over the ownership of the produce of labor.
		Individualists believe that the produce of labor should be regarded as property of the individual and that wages should be paid for labor, though they generally argued in favor of equal wages for equal labor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_individualist_anarchism (4718 words)

	Individualist Anarchism v. Communist Anarchism and Libertarianism
		Individualist anarchism opposes -- as libertarianism used to -- the very idea of anyone holding a position of unjust (that is, undelegated) power over someone else's life.
		Anarchism, in general, has received bad PR with regard to violence and the bomb-throwing demented anarchist is as much a cultural caricature as the dumb blonde.
		Individualist anarchists have naively assumed that, because libertarians flatly condemned the political means, the State and politicians, this condemnation meant that libertarians had some fundamental objection to electoral politics itself.
	www.mondopolitico.com /library/wendymcelroy/ia.ca.libertarianism/ia.ca.libertarianism.htm (5308 words)

	Section G - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		All the individualist anarchists were opposed to the exploitation of labour and all forms of non-labour income (such as profits, interest and rent) and property.
		Any concepts which "anarcho"-capitalism imports from the individualist tradition ignore both the theoretical underpinnings of their ideas as well as the social context of self-employment and artisan production within which those concepts arose, thus turning them into something radically different from what was intended by their originators.
		It is not a fitting tribute to the individualist anarchists that their ideas are today being associated with the capitalism that they so clearly despised and wished to abolish.
	www.libcom.org /thought/faq/secGint.html (895 words)

	Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy : LA IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A rebuttal to this essay is Contra Sabatini: Bogus Critique by Tim Virkkala, wherein Sabatini's interpretation of the individualist anarchists is disputed.
		Individualist anarchism was itself reduced to an agitprop journalistic enterprise of some measurable popularity.[12] And in this form it found its most eloquent voice with Benjamin Tucker and his magazine Liberty.
		Although individualist and communist anarchy are fundamentally one and the same doctrine, their respective supporters still ended up at loggerheads over tactical differences.[14] But in any event, the clash between the two variants was ultimately resolved by factors beyond their control.
	la.indymedia.org /news/2006/02/147614.php (1714 words)

	Individualism Reconsidered (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The individualist views people as responsible agents who, even in present-day, unfree society, have to take at least partial responsibility for the situations in which they find themselves, and therefore are capable of changing their situation, at least in part.
		Individualists also think, however, that people should be free to live in communist, syndicalist, capitalist, or any other kinds of communities they choose, as long as they do not coerce others into participating in these societies against their will.
		In short, individualists feel that a society in which non-invasive people are free to choose in all areas of their lives, unregulated by any state or community, will best serve the needs and desires of individual human beings.
	world.std.com /~bbrigade/badpp3.htm (8044 words)

	G.2 Why does individualist anarchism imply socialism?
		Therefore, logically, individualist anarchism must support co-operatives and self-employment in order to ensure the maximum individual self-government and labour's "natural wage." That this is the case can be seen from Tucker's quoting Ernest Lesigne that anarchistic socialism aims for "The land to the cultivator.
		Therefore, given the assumptions of individualist anarchism in both their economic and political aspects, it is forced along the path of co-operative, not wage, labour.
		For individualist anarchists not to support co-operatives results in a contradiction, namely that the individualist anarchism which aims to secure the worker's "natural wage" cannot in fact do so, while dividing society into a class of order givers and order takers (which violates individual self-government).
	www.spunk.org /library/intro/faq/sp001547/secG2.html (1476 words)

	Anarchism: Two Kinds [Free Republic]
		Left anarchism (socialist and communist) are foreign imports that flooded the country like cheap goods during the 19th century.
		Largely due to the path breaking work of Murray Rothbard, 20th century individualist anarchism is no longer inherently suspicious of profit-making practices, such as charging interest.
		But as individualist anarchism draws increasingly upon the work of Austrian economists such as Mises and Hayek, it draws increasingly farther away from left anarchism.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3857bcfb3de8.htm (2277 words)

	The Independent Institute
		And I think one reason for this “oversight” is that, at first glance, individualist anarchism doesn’t seem to share a key characteristic common to the others: that is, it doesn’t seem to argue for the free market.
		Individualist anarchism doesn’t seem to be a good fit with the other building blocks of libertarianism for the simpl reason that its proponents—like most 19th century radicals—embraced a labor theory of value and rejected capitalism.
		Warren used another term to describe the second theme/principle of individualist anarchism, which he thought derived directly from sovereignty of the individual: namely, Cost is the Limit of Price.”; And this is where the labor theory of value begins to play a prominent role in individualist anarchism.
	www.independent.org /issues/article.asp?id=10 (4079 words)

	Individualist Anarchism vs. Libertarianism and Anarchocommunism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Second, the Haymarket incident an the public furor that followed it changed the public perception of anarchism by associating it firmly with violence.
		As a specialist in economic theory, Rothbard became an admirer of Ludwig Von Mises and adopted Austrian economics, a radical and sophisticated defense of the laissez-faire capitalism.
		Therefore, if the power of government resides in the whole people and out of that whole all but one elected you as their agent, you would still have no authority whatever to act for that one.
	flag.blackened.net /daver/anarchism/mcelroy1.html (5092 words)

	Preface
		The classical individualist anarchism of Josiah Warren, Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner was both a socialist movement and a subcurrent of classical liberalism.
		Unlike the rest of the socialist movement, the individualist anarchists believed that the natural wage of labor in a free market was its product, and that economic exploitation could only take place when capitalists and landlords harnessed the power of the state in their interests.
		Thus, individualist anarchism was an alternative both to the increasing statism of the mainstream socialist movement, and to a classical liberal movement that was moving toward a mere apologetic for the power of big business.
	www.mutualist.org /id112.html (916 words)

	Types of Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Anarchism arose in the throes of the industrial revoltion.
		Nevertheless, his egoism and individualism was extremely influential to later anarchists, particularly individualist anarchists and (via Ayn Rand) anarcho-capitalists.
		Individualist anarchists generally either take a natural rights position, or rely on Stirnerite egoism.
	www.ozarkia.net /bill/anarchism/TypesOfAnarchism.html (654 words)

	ANARCHISM.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Anarchism is a widely disputed label, there are probably as many different kinds of anarchisms as there are different ideologies or traditions in statism.
		Therefore anarchism is used in a number of ways--by people who want to abolish the government, abolish capitalism, abolish violence, abolish technology, abolish large-scale production, or abolish society.
		It is true that there are many different kinds of anarchism which cannot go well together--collectivist and individualist, socialist and capitalist, pacifist and revolutionist etc. But they all provide the anarchist movement with important and powerful insights and arguments for abolishing the state!
	www.anarchism.net (293 words)

	The Origins of Individualist Anarchism in America by Murray N. Rothbard
		This new outcropping of statism was stimulated by opposition from a split-off from Quakerism headed by the scholarly Scottish Quaker George Keith, the outstanding Quaker minister of the middle colonies and the schoolmaster at Philadelphia.
		Angry with Penn, peeved at the anarchism and the pacifism of the colony, and anxious to weld the northern colonies into a fighting force for attacking the French in Canada, King William, in late 1692, named Benjamin Fletcher governor of both New York and Pennsylvania.
		The only history of individualist anarchism that deals with the colonial period is the pioneering work by Eunice Minette Schuster Native American Anarchism (1932, rep. by New York, De Capo Press 1970).
	www.lewrockwell.com /rothbard/rothbard107.html (6158 words)

	Individualist Anarchism v. Communist Anarchism and Libertarianism
		Communist Anarchism and Libertarianism" is the text of a speech given by Wendy McElroy in 1981.
		Drawing upon her deep understanding of the development of Anarchism and Libertarianism, she explains that the term "Libertarian" was first used by Anarchists to describe themselves.
		She points out that it is the Libertarian Party in the USA which has managed to obfuscate or eliminate the Libertarian Party's connection with Anarchism, thereby confusing the meaning of the term Libertarian.
	www.mondopolitico.com /library/wendymcelroy/ia.ca.libertarianism/mpintro.htm (323 words)

	Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism:
		Anarchism's failure to resolve this tension, to articulate the relationship of the individual to the collective, and to enunciate the historical circumstances that would make possible a stateless anarchic society produced problems in anarchist thought that remain unresolved to this day.
		From the standpoint of primitivist lifestyle anarchism, human beings are at their best when they adapt to nonhuman nature rather than intervene in it, or when, disencumbered of reason, technology, civilization, and even speech, they live in placid 'harmony' with existing reality, perhaps endowed with 'natural rights,' in a visceral and essentially mindless 'ecstatic' condition.
		Where social anarchism called upon people to rise in revolution and seek the reconstruction of society, the irate petty bourgeois who populate the subcultural world of lifestyle anarchism call for episodic rebellion and the satisfaction of their 'desiring machines,' to use the phraseology of Deleuze and Guattari.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/bookchin/soclife.html (15909 words)

	G.4 Why do social anarchists reject individualist anarchism?
		As we noted in the last section, Individualist "defence associations" would not be the private states of "anarcho"-capitalism only if the workplaces they protected were co-operatives (and we have indicated why Individualist Anarchism logically implies co-operative labour).
		In addition, even assuming a fully individualist economy, co-operatives would still be controlled or influenced by market forces, which would drive them to increase working hours, create a division of labour, and implement a host of other dehumanising working practices in order to compete successfully against other co-operatives, and thus to "survive" economically.
		However, while social anarchists disagree with the proposals of individualist anarchists, we do still consider them to be a form of anarchism -- one with many flaws and one perhaps more suited to an earlier age when capitalism was less developed and its impact upon society far less than it is now.
	www.spunk.org /library/intro/faq/sp001547/secG4.html (2197 words)

	CIA=COMMUNIST INDIVIDUALIST ANARCHISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		E = MC3…E=energy M=mass…C1, 2=spatio-temporal, the speed of light…C3=the speed of consciousness… As the realm of thought is increasingly capitalized and subsumed to corporate dictates, the CIA – the Communist Individualist Anarchist theory, remain a thorn in the side of the ruling class.
		Anarchism = Ahistorical + Aherstorical = A tendency of people to rise up against all authority = there is no such thing as a legitimate authority.
		Anarchism is also against tradition and all authoritarian types.
	www.zmag.org /interactive/content/display_item.cfm?itemID=3753 (1619 words)

	Contra Sabatini: Bogus Critique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Merely characterizing Rothbard's anarchism as a scheme that replaces the "public state" with "countless private states" is enough for Sabatini; he immediately shifts the subject to economic inequality, and continues the misdirection by asserting that "when Rothbard.
		Though Sabatini asserts that individualist anarchism's principles are "anti-Libertarian," it is simply outrageous to suggest (even if only by neglect) that Rothbard differs from individualist anarchists such as Spooner and Tucker on the issue of competitive police forces and courts: on this idea, so maligned by Sabatini, Rothbard is at one with his forebears.
		Much of the anti-capitalist "feel" of individualist anarchism stems from bad economics, which Rothbard -- a clear stylist and sometimes astute economist -- laid neatly to rest.
	www.ozarkia.net /bill/anarchism/rants/VirkkalaBC.html (873 words)

	anarcho-individualism - Anarchopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual.
		Individualist anarchists are claimed as part of their tradition by anarcho-capitalists, in turn, some individualist anarchists claim some works by anarcho-capitalists as part of their tradition, though without fully adhering to them.
		Libertarian socialists insist that many of these authors, after and including Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, rejected essential foundations of capitalism, namely the legalism of private property (as opposed to the mere right to use), particulary with regard to land, and the charging of interest or rent.
	eng.anarchopedia.org /index.php/anarcho-individualism (301 words)

	Errico Malatesta: Note to "Individualism and Anarchism" (1924) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I claimed that “individualist anarchism and communist anarchism are the same, or nearly so, in terms of moral motivations and ultimate goals”.
		Morally, anarchism is sufficient unto itself; but to be translated into facts it needs concrete forms of material life, and it is the preference for one or other form which differentiates the various anarchist schools of thought.
		Others for the same reason of defence and guarantee of liberty declare themselves to be individualists and they want each person, to have as individual property the part that is due to him of the means of production and therefore the free disposal of the products of his labour.
	www.marxists.org /archive/malatesta/1924/08/note.htm (955 words)

	LIBERTARIANISM: BOGUS ANARCHY by Peter Sabatini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Finally, with involvement of the US in WWI, the anarchist IWW, and anarchism in general, dropped from the public domain.[7] Anarchy in the USA consisted not only of the Bakunin-collectivist/syndicalist and Kropotkin-communist strains, but also the Proudhon-mutualist/individualist variant associated most closely with Benjamin Tucker.
		The book was deemed controversial, even extreme, by establishment liberals (and social democrats long pacified by the welfare state), who, secure in power for decades, were now under sustained attack by their own right wing.
		Libertarianism is also referred to as "anarcho-capitalism" and "philosophical anarchism." The word "libertarian" was used by French anarchists in the 1890s as a synonym for "anarchist." Consequently, some contemporary anarchists refer to themselves and/or anarchy as "libertarian." But here there is no implied connection to Libertarianism.
	flag.blackened.net /liberty/lba.html (2273 words)

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