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	Introduction to Individualist Feminism. Part One
		Individualist feminists were as deeply concerned with social issues -- such as prostitution and temperance -- as socialist feminists but they refused to impose social purity upon individuals.
		Socialist feminism advocates socio-economic equality and its approach to justice is ends-oriented -- it defines justice in terms of a specific social condition.
		To individualist feminists the political characteristic that determines the class to which an individual belongs is his or her relationship to the use of force in society.
	www.zetetics.com /mac/indfem1.htm (2598 words)

	ifeminists.com > introduction > FAQ
		Mainstream feminism tells us that girls are in constant danger of being sexually abused by their fathers, that women face the same from their husbands, etc. Ifeminism says to get the state out of personal issues.
		The core principle of individualist feminism is that all human beings have a moral and legal claim to their own persons and property.
		Individualist feminism and libertarianism are similar in that both philosophies uphold individual freedom and personal responsibility as core values.
	www.ifeminists.net /introduction/faq.html (2362 words)

	Individualist Feminism: A Voice for Gender Sanity
		Individualist feminism, or ifeminism, is currently a subcategory within the broader feminist movement.
		As an organized and self-conscious movement, American feminism arose during the 1830s from the radical anti-slavery movement known as abolitionism, which claimed that every human being – fl or white – was a self-owner.
		A less rigid interpretation of natural law – the one favored by individualist feminism – argues that human values should be grounded in or based upon fact.
	www.lewrockwell.com /mcelroy/mcelroy11.html (2520 words)

	Feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Feminism is a diverse, competing, and often opposing collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerning the experiences of women, especially in terms of their social, political, and economic inequalities.
		Feminism as a philosophy and movement in the modern sense may be usefully dated to The Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education.
		Feminism has effected many changes in Western society, including women's suffrage; broad employment for women at more equitable wages; the right to initiate divorce proceedings and the introduction of "no fault" divorce; the right to obtain contraception and safe abortions; and the right to be allowed admittance into any university in the U.S..
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feminism (6103 words)

	Individualist feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Individualist feminism is a blanket term for different forms of individualist feminist ideas.
		A core principle of individualist feminism is that all human beings have a moral and / or legal claim to their own persons and property, not to any sort of affirmative action policies or privileges.
		Individualist feminists have applied the label gender feminism to describe feminists they see as holding that an animosity exists between genders and calling for radical measures to intervene in gender relations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Individualist_feminist (288 words)

	A New View of Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To individualist feminism, equality was achieved when the individual rights of women were fully acknowledged under laws that identically protected the person and property of men and women.
		By contrast, the individualist feminist approach to justice is means-oriented: that is it refers primarily to methodology.
		The conflicting concepts of justice between radical and individualist feminism highlight one of the key differences in their approach to social problems: namely, the willingness of socialist or radical feminists to use the State.
	www.fathers.ca /wendy_mclroy1a.htm (3023 words)

	feminist perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Of the three perspectives, diversity feminism is applicable and relevant to the exploration of prostitution as a feminist movement in that rather than generalizing what it is to be a woman, diversity feminism acknowledges and respects the differences among women.
		Individualist feminism and radical feminism are two prevalent and extremely divergent feminist perspectives involved in the existing debate concerning prostitution.
		Individualist feminism, or ifeminism (occasionally referred to as libertarian feminism), is based on classical philosophy and advocates the repeal of numerous laws concerning women’s issues.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/womens-studies/ws399/ws399_04/Projects/Ortmann_Research/feminist_perspective.html (1645 words)

	[No title]
		However, in IR the anti-individualism of feminism has gone further than in feminist academia in general and has led to the virtual exclusion of a variety of more or less individualist feminist approaches, which are certainly present and part of the debate elsewhere, even if they are not dominating.
		Feminism was interested in gender and discourse and widened to cover all studies of gendered discourses, including those dealing with the construction of male reality.{\super \chftn {\footnote \pard \tx259\tx616\tx979\tx1699\tx2419\tx3139\tx3859\tx4579\tx5299\tx6019\tx6739\tx7459\tx8179 {\plain \super\f1\lang2057 \chftn }{}{\plain \f1\fs19\lang2057 Terrell Carver, "Public Man and the Critique of Masculinities" }{\plain \i\f1\fs19\lang2057 Political Theory}{\plain \f1\fs19\lang2057 vol.
		Rather feminism made its entrance as part of the "epistemological" turn in the late 1980s.\par }{\plain \f1\fs21\lang2057 \tab The "epistemological turn" came in part as a response to (or a development of) the inter\_paradigm debate of the early 1980s.{\super \chftn {\footnote \pard \tx259\tx616\tx979\tx1699\tx2419\tx3139\tx3859\tx4579\tx5299\tx6019\tx6739\tx7459\tx8179 {\plain \super\f1\lang2057 \chftn }{}{\plain \f1\fs19\lang2057 Guzzini,}{\plain \i\f1\fs19\lang2057 op.
	www.personal.ceu.hu /departs/personal/Anna_Leander/FFeminism-wordpol.rtf (10404 words)

	Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics, 2003, 2
		And, yet, because gender feminism has dominated the movement for decades, the disagreements expressed by individualist feminism have been labeled as "anti-feminist" and even "anti-woman." It is time to reclaim this neglected and rich tradition, including the many heroic figures who struggled and suffered so that contemporary women can enjoy their many freedoms.
		Feminism is the doctrine that states, "women are and should be treated as the equals of men." It is the political movement that focuses on women and protests inequality between the sexes.
		In the 19th century, individualist feminism arose from abolitionism, the radical anti-slavery movement in the 1830s which called for an immediate cessation to slavery on the grounds that every human being, white or fl, to be a self-owner.
	www.units.it /~etica/2003_2/mcelroy.htm (4717 words)

	Introduction to Individualist Feminism Part Two
		Considering this ideological starting point, it is not difficult to understand why individualist feminism does not regard men as the enemy and has historically embraced sympa- thetic men as full and valued feminists.
		Not so with socialist feminism, which includes the concept of economic coercion; for example, if a woman explicitly consents to work at an extremely low wage, but does so only because she would starve otherwise, the socialist feminist would argue that consent has not occurred.
		Feminism is impoverished by the absence of these women, by the absence of individualist feminism..
	www.zetetics.com /mac/indfem2.htm (2311 words)

	What Kind of Feminist Are You?
		Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in Greek mythology, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Amazon feminism focuses on physical equality and is opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women based on assumptions that women are supposed to be, look, or behave as if they are passive, weak and physically helpless.
		Individualist Feminism tends to widely encompass men and focuses on barriers that men and women face due to their gender.
	www.umt.edu /wcenter/default_files/page0004.htm (1279 words)

	Re: Campbell 'shovelling money off a truck' ....
		Mainstream feminism says, "Reform divorce laws to make them just." Individualist feminism says, "the very existence of marriage/divorce laws is an injustice because the State has no proper authority over what should be a private contract between individuals." The word "just" has appeared.
		Expressed in the most basic form, individualist feminism asks, "are you a member of the political or productive class?" This, too, is a form of relational class analysis because it asks, "What is your relationship to the State?" Individualist feminism class analysis does not predict the behavior of individuals.
		Conclusion Radical and individualist feminism constitute the two extremes of the feminist movement.
	www.talkaboutsupport.com /group/alt.feminism/messages/865526.html (4564 words)

	Individualist Feminism: The Lost Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Her first article in the radical individualist periodical Liberty dealt with this question in relation to prostitution and suggested that the inability of women to make an adequate living was the cause of that profession.
		To individualist feminists the political characteristic that determines the class to which an individual belongs is his or her relationship to the state.
		I chose a man to exemplify individualist feminism to illustrate and acknowledge the importance of male contributions to the tradition.
	www.libertyhaven.com /theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/feminism/individualist.html (2748 words)

	[No title]
		Feminism is the belief that women and men should be treated as equals, but the definition of "equality" can differ widely.
		Individualist feminists, who opposed political solutions, tended to express themselves within a variety of other social causes where they functioned as radical a voice for women rights.
		Individualist feminism is based upon individualism or libertarian (minimum government or anarchocapitalist) philosophies.
	www.lycos.com /info/feminism--individualist-feminism.html (332 words)

	The Dissident Feminist: Schools of Feminist Thought
		I wanted to give some idea of what feminism means to different women who claim the label as their own on this site--after all, the very idea at the core of this project is to illustrate that not all feminism falls under the ball-breaking reverse-double-standard militant stereotype that is so prevalent today.
		Since feminism itself resists all kinds of definitions by its very existence and aims, it is more accurate to say that there are all kinds of "flavors" and these flavors are mixed up every which way; there is no set of Baskin Robbins premixed flavors, as it were.
		Amazon feminism is concerned about physical equality and is opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women based on assumptions that women are supposed to be, look or behave as if they are passive, weak and physically helpless.
	www.sapphireblue.com /dissident_feminist/factions.shtml (3119 words)

	© Defining Feminism: A Comparative Historical Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The "feminism" of the sixteenth century would be even more difficult from our own, and the demands by women or men for change in women's status in that century would require interpretation within the context of the cultures in which they wrote.
		Feminism opposes women's subordination to men in the family and society, along with men's claims to define what is best for women without consulting them; it thereby offers a frontal challenge to patriarchal thought, social organization, and control mechanisms.
		Feminism makes claims for a rebalancing between women and men of the social, economic, and political power within a given society, on behalf of both sexes in the name of their common humanity, but with respect for their differences.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /jfec/cal/suffrage/document/offena.htm (13521 words)

	Female First Forum :: View topic - can a man be a feminist?
		Individualist feminism is based upon individualism or libertarian (minimum government or anarchocapitalist) philosophies.
		Individualist Feminism tends to widely encompass men and focuses on barriers that men and women face due to their gender.
		I am speaking about real feminism, which is mainstream feminism that is being taught in universities and promoted by organisations like www.now.org, and has a strong influence on media directed towards women, teaching them the so-called "victimhood mentality".
	www.femalefirst.co.uk /board/post-169538.html (1464 words)

	Green Goal #7: Feminism
		The individualist feminism GreenLiberty.org seeks to promote extends the slogan "a woman's body, a woman's right" to every peaceful decision a woman can make- from motherhood to participating in pornography, from being CEO of an international corporation to prostitution.
		Both types of feminism state that women should have the same rights as men, but the meaning of equality has differed within the feminist movement.
		To the individualist, equality was a political term referring to the protection of individual rights: that is, the moral jurisdiction every human being has over his or her own body.
	www.geocities.com /grnliberty/feminism.htm (685 words)

	Freedom, Feminism, and the State: Books: The Independent Institute
		After the Civil War, while mainstream feminists devoted all their efforts to gaining the vote, individualist feminists were being jailed for defying laws that restricted the dissemination of birth control information or required marriages to conform to government regulations.
		Mainstream feminism is nowadays intimately associated with demands for State intervention, as attested by campaigns for government-funded abortion, for laws mandating equal pay and outlawing sexual discrimination, for taxpayer-financed day care, and for legal and economic privileges for pregnant women.
		Feminism arose at a time when women, in addition to being unable to vote, hold public office, or serve on juries, were considered wards of their nearest male relative or chattels of their husbands, who legally controlled all their property, their earnings, and their children.
	www.independent.org /publications/books/book_summary.asp?bookID=40 (1983 words)

	Individualist Feminism- A Different Kind Of Women's Movement
		After lying dormant for the better part of the century, individualist feminism is making a comeback that its supporters hope will change the complexity of the feminist movement in the next century.
		Traditional feminists view this individualistic movement as a threat to their community based focus; others question whether this splinter group would be better served by being a part of the Libertarian Party.
		Individualist feminism is based upon two main principles: self-ownership and equal treatment under the law.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/libertarian/30118 (455 words)

	© Two strands of feminist thinking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Recent scholarship bearing on the history of feminism in Europe strongly suggests that relational feminism represents the dominant line of argument prior to the twentieth century throughout the Western world.
		Individualist feminism also has deep historical roots in European culture, but it has become increasingly characteristic of British and American discourse since the political philosopher John Stuart Mill published The Subjection of Women in 1869 and has reached its most expansive development in twentieth-century Anglo-American thought.
		By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition of argumentation emphasized more abstract concepts of individual human rights and celebrated the quest for personal independence (or autonomy) in all aspects of life, while downplaying, deprecating, or dismissing as insignificant all socially defined roles and minimizing discussion of sex-linked qualities or contributions, including childbearing and its attendant responsibilities.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /jfec/cal/women/rendell/text/2iii.htm (728 words)

	Feminism: The View of a Fem Lit Crit Class: Definitions.
		Feminism: an acknowledgement and examination of the societal differences between men and women, not an effort to bring women, and an effort to bring women to an equal status with men.
		Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Individualist feminism is based upon individualist or libertarian (minimum government or anarchocapitalist) philosophies.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~sparks/flc/flcdefs.HTM (1238 words)

	ASK AMY: FEMINISM
		In my free time I surf the web, and lately I've been coming across different brands of feminism; such as "Marxist feminism, moderate feminism, individualist feminism." I was wondering if you find any "type" of feminism more valid than others.
		However, I think that they are many ways to express your feminism and many ways to pursue feminism, but this is about approach not definition.
		The entire purpose of feminism is to open up choices to women and to ensure that individual women can makes choices, therefore a group of people who are opposing women's choices aren't really feminists to me. It's not so much what choice women make, but the power to make a choice.
	www.feminist.com /askamy/feminism/301_fem6.html (301 words)

	ifeminists.com > introduction
		Ifeminists, or individualist feminists, say that the feminist slogan "a woman's body, a woman's right" should extend to every peaceful choice a woman can make.
		In recent years, feminism has come to be associated with anger toward men who, as a class, are viewed as the political enemy.
		Throughout most of its history, American mainstream feminism considered equality to mean equal treatment under existing laws and equal representation within existing institutions.
	www.ifeminists.net /introduction (363 words)

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