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Topic: Individualistic culture

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	Minnesota -- The Epitome of the Moralistic Political Culture
		Furthermore, the cultural components of individual and group behavior make themselves felt in the kind of civic behavior dictated by conscience and internalized ethical standards in the forms of law-abidingness adhered to by citizens and officials and in the character of the positive actions of government.
		Party regularity is indispensable in the individualistic political culture because it is the means for coordinating individual enterprise in the political arena and is the one way of preventing individualism in politics from running wild.
		Since the individualistic political culture eschews ideological concerns in its businesslike conception of politics, both politicians and citizens look upon political activity as a specialized one, essentially the province of professionals, of minimum and passing concern to the public, and with no place for amateurs to play an active role.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles2/minn3.htm (5911 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the east its boundary is culturally determined and unclear.
		The origins of Western democratic and individualistic culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece, though numerous other distinct influences, in particular Christianity, can also be credited with the spread of concepts like egalitarianism and universality of law.
		It is sometimes associated with the Latin countries, due to the geographical and cultural ties to the Mediterranean Sea, and sometimes to the Slavic-Orthodox part of Europe due to the importance or Orthodoxy in Greece.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Europe (3414 words)

	Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2, Chapter 7
		There are many definitions of culture, but none of them suggests an individual has a culture of his or her own.
		Some researchers study the culture of teams, groups, or organizations, but cross-cultural researchers are mostly concerned with larger scale groupings defined by ethnicity or nationhood.
		Cultures are made up of individuals, and there are reciprocal influence processes between individuals and cultures.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~culture/smith.htm (2987 words)

	Three Approches to Cultural Psycholgy
		Culture is construed as an external independent variable rather than as a system of relationships and processes which organize psychological phenomena in a particular manner.
		Individualistic cultural psychologists want to empower the individual to resist social influences by exercising internal capabilities ("antibodies") which are independent of society.
		The psychological heterogeneity which individualistic cultural psychologists identify (and exaggerate as vitiating shared phenomena and understanding) is a function of the division of labor of activities.
	www.humboldt1.com /~cr2/three.htm (8878 words)

	American Culture
		Cultures die out because they did not provide sufficient vitality for the culture to survive and/or they met with catastrophic conditions that allowed their culture to be overtaken by other cultures.
		It is theorized here that the cultures that remain most open to change in a way that brings to bear these core values for survivability, are the cultures that have the most to gain with respect to survivability, not only for the particular culture, but maybe for human civilizations as a whole.
		Culture is the shared system of symbolic knowledge and patterns of behavior derived from speech communication, that human individuals carry to provide predictable internal and external psychological stability so as to prevent chaos among human individuals.
	www.zianet.com /nmiri/am_culture.htm (8247 words)

	Culture, Society, and Narcissism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Malignant narcissism is all-pervasive and independent of culture and society.
		It is true, though, that the WAY pathological narcissism manifests and is experienced is dependent on the particulars of societies and cultures.
		In collectivist societies, it may be projected onto the collective, in individualistic societies, it is an individual's trait.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/npd/92747 (987 words)

	Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 4, Chapter 4
		Although every culture did not reveal a depression cluster, depression, as expressed in the emotion words, was associated with sadness and seems to be apparent across all of the cultures studied.
		Culture and social restraints and influences may cause this emotion to be expressed somewhat differently across cultures, but it is still linked to sadness and reflects a negative affect across all of the cultures studied.
		In cultures that value individualism, emotion terms are more likely to be individual or self-markers because individual preferences and goals prevail over group goals, thoughts, and feelings.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~culture/altarriba2.htm (6623 words)

	Vivki Ritts: Year 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In addition to programs and entire courses devoted to culture, other General education courses are very beneficial for assisting students in overcoming an often existing ethnocentric view and broadening their awareness and knowledge of cultural diversity.
		Cultural research is often handled by authors of General Psychology texts as tangential issues that appear in "boxes" with labels such as "Exploring Diversity".
		The cultural issues addressed are often in such areas as intelligence, perception, and memory.
	www.stlcc.cc.mo.us /mc/globalstudies/vickirittsyear1.htm (1710 words)

	Chapter 13: Schools, Media & Culture
		Culture – a system of shared customs that allow individuals to participate as members of a group; customs are passed from generation to generation.
		It takes active participation upon individuals to maintain cultural ties to their native land and tongue.
		There is a fair amount of individual differences in how much persons value their cultures.
	department.txwes.edu /psy/mskerr/3303_ch13.htm (611 words)

	Face Negotiation
		The main purpose of this chapter is to, "explore the role of culture in both face-management and conflict style processes.
		In a collectivist culture, such as China, the member's image of self is "defined through an intersecting web of social and personal relationships."(Ting-Toomey, 215) Collectivists, who live in a high context culture, view the self as never being free due to obligations towards their culture.
		She makes some unique points about the theory but there are many different point of views on low context cultures, high context cultures, individualists and collectivists.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~mw389897/face.htm (498 words)

	[No title]
		The cultural explanation for American exceptionalism is both plausible and logical: America is a country founded by immigrants who sought to escape oppressive governments.
		Secondly, in that political cultures consist of a mix of often contradictory or competing ideas and values, culturalists fail to provide a convincing explanation for why certain parts of the political culture become dominant in certain times or policy arenas, while others are more prominent elsewhere.
		It can be used by individualists to justify the right of each man to keep what he has acquired, but it can also be employed by egalitarians to attack large concentrations of wealth on the grounds that such holdings are not derived from productive labor" (Ellis, 1992:827).
	stripe.colorado.edu /~steinmo/DODDJIL.htm (10754 words)

	What We Believe
		Political culture refers to the general political orientation or disposition of a nation, the broad pattern of ideas, beliefs, and values that most of the population holds about the proper distribution of power in public life, the relationship of individuals to government, and the role that government ought to play.
		Political culture is handed down from generation to generation, through families, schools, communities, literature, churches and synagogues, and so on, helping to provide stability for the nation by ensuring that a majority of citizens are well-grounded in and committed to the basic values that sustain it.
		By individualistic we mean that what is good for society as a whole is assumed to be the same as what is good individually for all the people in it.
	www.indiana.edu /~cbclass/y100/americans.htm (2654 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As can be seen therein, individualists (i.e., participants scoring high in individualism scale), while acting relatively uncooperatively under the individualistic culture (average amount taken was $6.1 million compared to $5.5 million of those scoring low in the scale), were more cooperative in the collectivistic culture (average amount taken was $3.9 million vs. $4.8 million).
		Since there have been not many studies examining the effects of organizational cultures in collectivistic societies in the literature, it is not possible for us to further examine the appropriateness of this speculation.
		Hypothesis 4 was supported in our study, suggesting that individualists, being influenced by the prevailing societal norms of collectivism, are more likely to adjust their behaviors across organizational cultures.
	www.humrro.org /corpsite/download/siop2004/huy_le_siop04.doc (4072 words)

	Europe - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		This can be seen in ancient maps, where a circular land mass is divided by these water stretches in three or four parts.
		Armenia and Cyprus are geographically in Asia, but considered part of Europe for cultural and historical reasons.
		Azerbaijan and Georgia lie partly in Europe according to definitions which consider the Caucasus as the boundary with Asia.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/e/u/r/Europe.html (3038 words)

	McBride, Allan and Robert K (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		nature and object of any conflict, social positions of the actors who influence its resolution, and the manner in which it is resolved have consequences for the development of political culture.
		Conclusion: Individualistic culture most prominent, particularly he realm of conflict and conflict resolution.
		May be less tolerance for large institutions of any variety – opposed by both individualistic and egalitarian/moralistic cultures.
	www.siu.edu /~anthro/adams/pages/370/McBride_Toburen.htm (538 words)

	Computer-Mediated Communication And Majority Influence: Assessing The Impact In An Individualistic And A Collectivistic ...
		Matching laboratory experiments were carried out in an individualistic (the US) and a collectivistic culture (Singapore) to determine how the impact of CMC might be moderated by national culture.
		In the individualistic culture, majority influence was stronger in the unsupported setting than the face-to-face CMC and dispersed CMC settings.
		Besides demonstrating how cultural factors may moderate the impact of CMC, this study raises the broader issue of cultural relativism in current knowledge on CMC.
	business.clemson.edu /ISE/html/computer-mediated_communicatio.html (279 words)

	Lockhart, Culture and Comparative Politics
		Relying on culture as an important explanatory variable is regarded with skepticism by many contemporary political scientists.
		the adherents of rival cultures are distinctive, constrained, and predictable.
		Culture is an important source for the formation and sustenance of social institutions and vice versa.
	www.stetson.edu /~gmaris/Lockhart.htm (7899 words)

	one or both of
		In this comparison, the nations to the south of the Sahara are considered to consist of many cultural areas, in particular that of the Bantu linguistic group.
		Europe has a long history of cultural and economic achievement, starting as far back as the Palaeolithic, although this is true for the rest of the Old World as well.
		The origins of Western democratic and individualistic culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece, though numerous other distinct influences, in particular Christianity,...
	www.experiencefestival.com /one_or_both_of (1055 words)

	Social and Cultural Groups Quiz
		When asked to describe the charactersitics that they would like their children to develop, Dr. Kim is likely to say ________; Dr. Smith is likely to say ________.
		Jane is from an individualistic culture; Bibiana is from a collectivistic culture.
		Although she was born in America and is of Western European ancestry, she has thrown herself completely into her new culture.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /mawhatley/2500/soccultc.htm (1134 words)

	2PLM e-zine Volume 5, Number 20
		This week's article "Changing an individualistic culture to a collaborative culture" is from Peter Foster, CEO of i-nova.cpds.
		I was about to write, "Culture can be defined as..", but it is not so easy to define - even if we restrict it to culture within industrial companies.
		It is probably easier to think of "culture" as a reference system in which behavior, attitude and decision making is influenced.
	www.johnstark.com /2plm133.html (3380 words)

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