Indo European languages

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Topic: Indo European languages

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	Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Archaic Proto-Indo-European languages occur in the Balkans (Starčevo-Körös-Cris culture), in the Danube valley (Linear Pottery culture), and possibly in the Bug-Dniestr area (Eastern Linear pottery culture).
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects (443 according to the SIL estimate), including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
		Tocharian languages, extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-European_languages (2310 words)

	Indo-European Languages
		By studying the vocabulary and grammar of the various daughter languages of which there are records, scholars have tried to reconstruct Proto-Indo-European and infer some of its characteristics.
		One theory of the origin of the individual Indo-European languages suggests that as the ancient speakers of Proto-Indo-European migrated or moved away from each other, losing contact, their language broke up into a number of tongues.
		The characteristics Indo-European languages share with respect to vocabulary and grammar have led many scholars to postulate that they are all descended from an original parent language, called Proto-Indo-European, which is believed to have been spoken some time before 2000
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/I/Indo-European_Languages.html (499 words)

	INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES - LoveToKnow Article on INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
		Till the latter part of the 18th century it was the universal practice to refer all languages ultimately to a Hebrew origin, because Hebrew, being the language of the Bible, was assumed, with reference to the early chapters of Genesis, to be the original language.
		The first group (generally known as the centum-group) is the Western and entirely European group, the second (generally known as the satem-group) with one exception lies to the east of the centum-group and much its largest part is situated in Asia.
		The imperative, which was originally an exclamatory form to the verb, of the same kind as the vocative was to the noun, and which consisted simply o~ the verb stem without further suffixes, developed, partly on the analogy of the present and partly with the help of adverbs, a complete paradigm.
	32.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INDO_EUROPEAN_LANGUAGES.htm (7637 words)

	Who were Illyrians
		Bopp demonstrated in 1838 that the Celtic languages were Indo-European, as had been asserted by Jones.
		The principal language of the Italic group is Latin, originally the speech of the city of Rome and the ancestor of the modern Romance languages: Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, etc. The earliest Latin inscriptions apparently date from the 6th century BC, with literature beginning in the 3rd century.
		Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC.
	www.geocities.com /iliria1 (15583 words)

	Indo-European Languages - ninemsn Encarta
		Indo-European languages were first spoken in Europe and southern Asia and, because of European colonialism, are now widespread throughout the world.
		Formerly, the Indo-European languages were routinely characterized as belonging either to a Western (centum) or an Eastern (satem) division.
		To their studies were added extensive grammatical and phonetic comparisons of European languages.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563984/Indo-European_Languages.html (569 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Lithuanian is one of the oldest of the Indo-European languages.
		Armenian is spoken in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (an enclave in Azerbaijan).
		Avestan is the extinct language of the Zoroastrian religion.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1883 words)

	Indo-European languages - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Indo-European languages
		Eastern Indo-European languages are often called the satem group (Zend ‘a hundred’) while western Indo-European languages are the centum group (Latin ‘a hundred’); this illustrates a split that occurred over 3,000 years ago, between those that had an s-sound in certain words and those that had a k-sound.
		In some languages, according to some authorities, the distinction of parts of speech does not exist; in many languages it is widely different from that to which we are accustomed in the Indo-European languages.
		Scholars have reconstructed a Proto-Indo-European ancestral language by comparing the sound systems and historical changes within the family, but continue to dispute the original homeland of this ancient form, some arguing for northern Europe, others for Russia north of the Black Sea.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Indo-European+languages (371 words)

	Indo-European Languages
		Much of the genetic theory of language derives from studies of the Indo-European family which began in the 16th century but culminated in 19th century when comparisons were made between European languages and Sanscrit.
		It is thought that a "Proto-Indo-European" language was spoken up until about 3000 BCE across Europe and parts of Southeast Asia, when local languages started to evolve from it creating the modern Indo-European family.
		The Iranian languages are spoken in an area centered on modern Afghanistan and Iran.
	www.scnt01426.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /Articles/Language/Indo-European.htm (394 words)

	1310
		We've already seen the two theories of how the Indo-European Languages spread.
		All told, the Indo-European Language Family is spoken by the most people in the world – about half of the world's population speak an Indo-European Language.
		The native populations abandoned their old languages because knowledge of the dominant language is seen as necessary when that language is the language of commerce, law, administration and it's a way to attain personal prestige.
	www.geo.utep.edu /pub/nick_miller/1310/LECTURE_10.html (1062 words)

	Indo-European Languages
		Since Greek and Latin are European languages and Sanskrit is an Indian language, the name for their family of languages is "Indo-European." It turns out that all of the languages of Europe are Indo-European except for Basque, Finnish, Hungarian, and a few dead languages.
		The languages of North and South American Indians, and of Africans, and Australian aborigines, are not Indo-European, either.
		A dead Indo-European language called "Tocharian" was even spoken in parts of China by white-skinned, red-headed people who lived there.
	modena.intergate.ca /personal/gslj/indoeuropean.html (695 words)

	Indo-European Languages.
		Most languages in Europe, the Middle-East, and India appear to descend from a common ancestral language known to scholars as "proto-Indo-European," as set forth by William Jones and his work with Sanskrit.
		The various charts of Indo-European languages and the maps showing the spread of each Indo-European language, were created by Daniel M. Short for his website at http://www.danshort.com/.
		Satem is the ancient word for "one hundred" in Avestan, a language in the eastern branch of Indo-European.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Main.html (478 words)

	Indo-European Languages—Satem Branch
		Languages of the Kashmir Region and upper Indus valley
		Languages marked with a dagger (†) are extinct.
		Click on any language block to view a map of where the language is or was spoken.
	www.danshort.com /ie/iesatem_c.shtml (65 words)

	Indo2.html
		It is thus possible that much of the initial (mid-Holocene) range of the Indo-European languages across central and northern Europe, the Balkans and the Near East was achieved by the rapid spread of a 'sparse wave' of hunter-gatherers, out of either southern Europe, the Levant, Anatolia or western Asia, preceding the 'farming wave'.
		Estimates of the linguistic chronology of the Indo-European languages have been used to suggest that much of their common vocabulary has a more recent origin (about 7,000 years ago) (Swadesh 1972) than the early Holocene divergence that this 'sparse wave' hypothesis (and Renfrew's 'farming wave' hypothesis) would seem to require (about 10,000-11,000 years ago).
		It may be that an initial 'sparse wave' of recolonizing hunter-gatherers carried this group of languages part-way into central Europe and western Asia, with later processes such as the spread of farming and migrations of warrior cultures having resulted in a further net spreading of this group of languages.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/Indo2.html (3721 words)

	"Knowing" Words in Indo-European Languages
		My Indo-European linguistics professor at UCLA said once that you can get a sort of "instant Proto-Indo-European" by combining Greek vowels and Sanskrit consonants.
		The exceptions are the languages of the Dravidian group, largely spoken in the south.
		The language that resulted was tidied up a bit and not precisely identical to the surviving language of the Vedas.
	www.friesian.com /cognates.htm (2865 words)

	Fios Feasa: Indo-European, Celtic, and Irish
		Their common ancestor, known as Indo-European, would have been spoken around six thousand years ago, either on the Russian steppe north of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (the prevailing hypothesis) or in Anatolia (the leading alternative view).
		There are lots of groups of languages like this, including the Slavic group, the Celtic group, and the Indic group.
		Welsh is probably the Celtic language in the strongest position today, with over half a million speakers and extensive institutional support in the spheres of religion, local government, education and broadcast media.
	www.fiosfeasa.com /bearla/language/indo.htm (827 words)

	Indo-European Language Family Tree
		English is an Indo-European language of the Germanic branch and has had significant contributions from other IE languages.
		This page presents the family tree of the Indo-European Languages.
		This world map (78k) shows the approximate distribution of Indo-European languages around the world.
	www.danshort.com /ie (456 words)

	Ethnologue, Languages of the World
		Books about languages and cultures of the world for education, research, and reference.
		Over 12,000 citations spanning 70 years of SIL International's language research in over 1,000 languages.
		Computer resources including an extensive library for language researchers and software tools and fonts.
	www.ethnologue.com (74 words)

	The Eclectorium: Indo-European Resources
		Cathy Ball at Georgetown University has a good quick chart graphically showing the relationships of the families and subfamilies within the greater Indo-European family of languages.
		The following peoples all lived on the edge of what has traditionally been the world of the Indo-Europeans.
		Lots of details about individual IE language families and languages: who and where they are spoken, and a little history too.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/eclectorium/indoeuro.html (645 words)

	Amazon.com: The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Descriptions): Books: Anna Giacalone Ramat,Paolo Ramat
		Though this is to be a survey of languages, the very first chapter, by one Enrico Campanile, deals with the reconstructed culture of the speakers of Proto-Indo-European and the probable location of their urheimat.
		It also differs from, for example, the volume on the Uralic languages by not imposing one transcription scheme on all authors, and as a result, the range of opinion here varies between those who have embraced laryngeal theory and those who stick to a postulated schwa.
		William R. Schmalstieg fails to even mention laryngeals in his contribution on the Baltic languages, hardly a surprise for one who as late as 1985 was proposing the weird alternative theory of monophthongizations.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/041506449X?v=glance (1357 words)

	Droops Net Indo-European Home Page
		Below is a map of the Indo-European languages, both past and present.
		Here you will find information about Indo-European mythology, the homeland questions, some archaeological topics, linguistics, and the languages themselves.
		A few thousand years ago, there was a group of people that we can generically call 'Indo-Europeans.' They had language, culture, religion, beliefs, and practices.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/6738 (895 words)

	Lynch, Indo-European Language Family Tree
		I'm not trying to make the definitive statement of the relationships among all the Indo-European languages, only to give my students some idea of the origins of the English language, and its relations to other familiar languages — along with a few less familiar ones.
		I've even omitted the entire Anatolian, Albanian, and Tocharian families; I've included no languages from the Baltic branch or the Continental Celtic branch; I've grossly oversimplified the Indo-Iranian family; and so on.
		Though you wouldn't think to look at the tangle of lines and arrows, the chart is very much simplified: many languages and even whole language families are left out.
	www.andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/language.html (209 words)

	ARMENIAN HIGHLAND
		Gamkrelidze and V. IVANOV are the authors of The Indo-European Language and the Indo-Europeans, a two-volume work published in Russian in 1984; an English version is published by Mouton de Gruyter.
		Ivanov is professor of linguistics and chair of the department of Slavic languages at the Institute for Slavic and Balkan Studies in Moscow.
		The authors wish to thank Gerard Piel, chairman emeritus of Scientific American, for helping to prepare this article for publication.
	www.armenianhighland.com /homeland/chronicle120.html (94 words)

	Indo-European languages - UniLang Wiki
		The parent language, Proto-Indo-European, is traditionally thought to have been spoken in many dialects by a seminomadic population living in the steppe region to the north of the Black Sea.
		These people moved west to Europe, and east to Iran and India, arround the beginning of the Bronze Age, the different daughter languages being well established by 1000 BCE, when Greek, Anatolian, and Indo-Iranian languages are in evidence.
		A major family of nearly 400 languages which spread throughout Europe and Southern Asia in the fourth millennium BCE, and which is now found, as a result of colonialism, all over the world.
	home.unilang.org /main/wiki2/wiki.phtml?title=Indo-European_languages (201 words)

	INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
		Not only did Sanskrit have cognates with European languages, it had a similar inflectional system, suggesting that the inflectional systems also shared a common source.
		Scholars had speculated in general ways about a proto-language that connected most European languages
		Jones is said to know 28 languages; he opposed slavery and the British war against the American colonies, so he was posted to a judgeship in Calcutta, perhaps as a punishment
	www.cord.edu /faculty/sprunger/e315/i-e.htm (442 words)

	Wordgumbo: Comparative Indo-European
		The following file is a list of words from a wide range of Indo-European languages.
		This is a set of small vocabularies of some of the more obscure members of Indo-European, mostly languages only known from very ancient inscriptions:
		It can be used to derive chronologies for language groups for which there is no historical record, for instance the languages of New Guinea or Native America.
	www.wordgumbo.com /ie/cmp (442 words)

	The Indo-European Languages
		The stability of this system was however undermined because the position of the Indo-European accent was a conditioning factor for the vowel changes and the accent/stress became fixed in the Germanic languages.
		Sir William Jones, 1786, hypothesis that most European languages and others (in India, parts of the Middle East, and Asia) are cognates (are related, as a family, by common origins)
		It's speculated that the so called Kurgan were the original Indo-European people; lived northwest of the Caucasus, north of the Caspian Sea, as early as the fifth millennium B.C. Their language is known by scholars as Common Indo-European or Proto-Indo-European.
	mockingbird.creighton.edu /english/fajardo/teaching/eng520/indoeur.htm (985 words)

	Early Indo-European Languages Online
		Moreover, the important ability with respect to these languages is that of reading texts, with or without the help of translations.
		Obviously these versions are not sufficient to teach languages, such as Greek, that are not written in the so-called Roman alphabet, but they do offer a start.
		The Latin and Greek texts were annotated by Dr. Winfred P. Lehmann for their meaning and grammar; sections at the end of each lesson provide basic descriptions of the language that help one understand the texts.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/depts/lrc/eieol (2104 words)

	list of languages
		This list of languages is alphabetical by English name.
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural and constructed languages spoken by humans.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /List_of_languages.html (2104 words)

	Indo-European Languages
		But there are many, many more languages for which I would love to write tutorials in the future and other great people have been writing tutorials for languages too, such as the Portuguese, Icelandic, Faroese, Welsh, Ukrainian, Russian, Finnish, and Indonesian tutorials.
		There are also comparative pages of the European, Romance, and Germanic languages, and suggestions for learning foreign languages.
		Currently, there are tutorials for fourteen languages, as well as Linguistics, English grammar, and the History of English.
	www.ielanguages.com (448 words)

	Talk:List of Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a part of the list of Indo-European languages.
		List of world languages, which would link to the IE page as a family.
		First, it should be retained because I've noticed that some of the languages given on the page you have linked to aren't real languages, but dialects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:List_of_Germanic_languages (448 words)

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Topic: Indo European languages

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In the News (Fri 27 Nov 09)