Indo Fijians - Factbites

Indo Fijians - Factbites
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Topic: Indo Fijians

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	G21 ASIA - FIJI: Nation at Pointblank
		The population of Fiji is 44% Indo-Fijians (Fijians of Indian origin) and 51% native Fijians.
		The Army Chief revoked the multi racial constitution of 1997, which gives equal rights to Indo Fijians and native Fijians, and the constitution of 1990 has been reinstated which gives more power to native Fijians.
		The new constitution provided for 31 parliamentary seats for indigenous Fijians and 27 seats for Indo-Fijians.
	www.g21.net /asia24.htm

	Indo-Fijian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indo-Fijians outnumbered indigenous Fijians from 1956 through the late 1980s, but by 2000 their share of the population had declined to 43.7 percent, because of a higher ethnic-Fijian birthrate and particularly because of the greater tendency of Indo-Fijians to emigrate.
		Differences between ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians complicated preparations for Fijian independence, which the United Kingdom granted in 1970, and have continued to define Fijian politics since.
		The party currently favoured by Indo-Fijians is the Fiji Labour Party, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, which received about 75 percent of the Indo-Fijian vote in 2001, and won all 19 seats reserved for Indo-Fijians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Fijian

	The fault-lines in Fiji
		The indigenous Fijians found it difficult to accept their loss of power in their homeland, especially to a coalition of Indo-Fijians and Fijians who did not belong to the traditional Fijian hierarchy of tribal chiefs.
		A racially biased Constitution which reduced the number of parliamentary seats for Indo-Fijians was adopted in 1990.
		Only indigenous Fijians could contest the Fijian seats and only ethnic Indians could contest the Indian seats, but candidates needed the support of all the ethnic groups represented in the common electoral rolls, in the 11 common seats to be contested by the two communities.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1712/17120110.htm

	Freedom in the World 1999 - 2000
		The 1990 constitution created separate indigenous Fijian and Indo-Fijian electoral constituencies, required the prime minister to be an indigenous Fijian, and guaranteed indigenous Fijians a perpetual parliamentary majority by reserving for them 37 of the 70 seats in the house of representatives.
		Backed by hard-line indigenous Fijians alarmed at the emerging political influence of the economically successful Indo-Fijian community, Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka took power in the Pacific’s first coups in May and September 1987.
		The amendments created a 71-seat house with 25 seats open to all races, 23 for indigenous Fijians, 19 for Indo-Fijians, 3 for “general electors” (mainly whites and ethnic Chinese), and 1 for Rotuma Island.
	www.freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2000/countryratings/fiji.htm

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2000 - Fiji
		Of the 46 communal seats, 23 were allotted to indigenous Fijians, 19 to Indo-Fijians, 3 to "general voters" (for the most part Caucasians and East Asians), and 1 was alloted to the Rotumans (an ethnically distinct Polynesian group), roughly proportional to the different communities' representation in the population.
		The Government also successfully raised the proportion of ethnic Fijians and Rotumans in the public service to 50 percent or higher at all levels, but most significantly at the senior level: Indo-Fijians represent only approximately 10 percent of the highest levels of the civil service.
		The stated purpose of two military coups in 1987 was to ensure the political supremacy of indigenous Fijians and to protect their traditional way of life and communal control of land.
	www.usemb.se /human/2000/eastasia/fiji.html

	Kulacoco New Fiji Goodchat - A Bravenet.com Forum
		Racial tensions and grievances over low rents for agricultural land resulted in several alleged illegal evictions of Indo-Fijians and re-occupations of land by native Fijian landowners.
		The State Department's worldwide human rights report for 2004, said that senators appointed by the prime minister continued to make racial slurs against Indo-Fijians and "the ruling Soqosoqo ni Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) government worked to ensure the political supremacy of ethnic Fijians."
		THE United States has highlighted tension between indigenous Fijians and Indians as a major problem in Fiji, and said the Indian community was under-represented at all levels of government.
	pub30.bravenet.com /forum/2554844873/fetch/405110

	Fiji (07/03)
		The native Fijians live throughout the country, while the Indo-Fijians reside primarily near the urban centers and in the cane-producing areas of the two main islands.
		Indigenous Fijians are a mixture of Polynesian and Melanesian, resulting from the original migrations to the South Pacific many centuries ago.
		Ethnic Fijians have their own administration in which councils preside over a hierarchy of provinces, districts, and villages.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/f/27208.htm

	Café Pacific: Asia-Pacific Network: Fiji
		However, he further illustrated that Indo-Fijians were different in all respect from their indigenous Fijian counterpart and as a result they had to be removed entirely from the political scene.
		Educated indigenous Fijians are also part of a growing middle class while a large number of Fijian families, mostly from the islands, continue to struggle in urban slums of Suva.
		If for any reasons indigenous Fijians were unhappy with the Mahendra Chaudhry government, then they certainly should have waited and voted as a bloc and defeated Chaudhry in the general elections of 2004.
	www.asiapac.org.fj /cafepacific/resources/aspac/fiji11.html

	Articles - House of Representatives (Fiji)
		Indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians were each allocated 12 communal constituencies and 10 national constituencies; a further 3 communal constituencies and 5 national constituencies were set aside for ethnic minorities.
		The elections of 1992 and 1994 saw all 70 members elected from communal constituencies; this system was widely resented by many Indo-Fijians, who complained that only 27 seats were allocated to them as opposed to 37 to ethnic Fijians, despite the near equality of their numbers at that time.
		Ethnic Fijian nationalists blamed the national constituencies for the election of an Indo-Fijian dominated government in 1987, and following two military coups, they were abolished by the new republican Constitution of 1990.
	www.gaple.com /articles/House_of_Representatives_(Fiji)

	BOOK REVIEW: Tears in Paradise - December 14, 2004
		Rajendra argues that the Indo-Fijians never took away the customary land rights of indigenous Fijians, but both in 1987 and in 2000, Indo-Fijian community was accused by indigenous Fijian nationalists of conspiring to alienate indigenous land.
		The second part of the book deals with the Uncertain Future of the Indo-Fijians in Fiji.
		The nationalist onslaught led Indo-Fijians to seek better future elsewhere.
	pidp.eastwestcenter.org /pireport/2004/December/12-14-rev.htm

	A deeper look at Fiji
		The Fijian natives as well as the Indo-Fijians have to equally share the blame for failing to promote ethnic assimilation through joint schooling for the children and a feeling of "we, the people of Fiji" instead of "we, the Fijian natives" and "we, the Indo-Fijians".
		Small sections of the Fijian natives are calling for the proclamation of Fiji as a Christian State and there has been criticism by sections of the Indo-Fijians of alleged attempts by Methodist missionaries to convert poor Hindus to Christianity.
		Whenever they become active, the military, on its own or on a nod from the Chiefs, tends to act against Indo-Fijian political leaders, lest the Chiefs be overtaken from the right by these movements and their own traditional authority weakened.
	www.saag.org /notes/note98.html

	Bharat Rakshak MONITOR: Volume 3(2)
		The Fijian armed forces have shown themselves to be incapable of acting impartially and have twice removed democratically elected governments simply because Indo-Fijians have exercised their legitimate democratic rights and formed governments.
		Fijians and Europeans joined, but the Indians, perhaps stupidly in retrospect, did not join because they were to be paid less than Europeans - something that did not trouble the Fijians.
		Guyana is now into its second term of an Indo-Guyanese dominated government - Dr. Cheddi Jagan having won the 1992 election and his party - the People's Progressive Party (PPP)- winning the 1997 election.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MONITOR/ISSUE3-2/sanjay.html

	Fiji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Religion is one of the faultlines between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians, with the former overwhelmingly Christian (99.2 percent at the 1996 census), and the latter mostly Hindu (76.7 percent) or Muslim (15.9 percent).
		The population of Fiji is divided between native Fijians, a people of mixed Polynesian and Melanesian ancestory (54.3%), and Indo-Fijians (38.1%), descendants of Indian contract labourers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century.
		Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fiji (2017 words)

	Surita v. I.N.S., 95 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 1996).
		She was robbed by ethnic Fijians on her way to and from work every day for about one week; she was thus robbed a total of ten to fifteen times.
		The ethnic Fijians never told Kamla Prasad why they detained him; the soldiers specifically told Surita that she was being robbed because of her ethnicity.
		In 1990, a new constitution was promulgated that "aims to guarantee political primacy for ethnic Fijians by reserving for them a disproportionate number of seats in the lower house of Parliament." Country Report at 882.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/refugee/Surita_v_INS.htm (2017 words)

	globalinfo.org - Dec 1, FIJI (#26711)
		Much of Fiji's land is been farmed by Indo-Fijians, who farm on land leased from traditional indigenous Fijian landowners under the Agricultural Landlords and Tenants Act.
		SUVA, Dec. 1 (IPS/GIN) -- Three and a half years after the country's first Indo-Fijian prime minister was deposed in a coup by nationalist indigenous Fijians that triggered anarchy here, this Pacific island nation is showing an air of stability even though a constitutional row continues to simmer.
		Qarase and Mahendra Chaudhry, the country's first Indo-Fijian prime minister and head of the Fijian Labor Party (FJP), are locked in a bitter court battle that will not be resolved at least until May next year.
	www.globalinfo.org /eng/reader.asp?ArticleId=26711 (2017 words)

	The Hindu : Many Indo-Fijians prepare to leave
		As some prepare to leave and others are resigned to stay, the ground realities dictate that Fijians and Indo-Fijians must live together as part of a process of give and take.
		An Indo- Fijian policeman, who chose not to identify himself, was open in expressing his fears.
		In the military, ethnic Fijians number 99.3 per cent, in the police force 75 per cent, and in civil bureaucracy, 70 per cent.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2001/09/10/stories/03100005.htm (2017 words)

	Articles - Fiji
		Religion is one of the faultlines between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians, with the former overwhelmingly Christian (99.2 percent at the 1996 census), and the latter mostly Hindu (76.7 percent) or Muslim (15.9 percent).
		The population of Fiji is divided between native Fijians, a people of mixed Polynesian and Melanesian ancestory (54.3%), and Indo-Fijians (38.1%), descendants of Indian contract labourers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century.
		Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Fiji (1929 words)

	Fiji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Religion is one of the faultlines between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians, with the former overwhelmingly Christian (99.2 percent at the 1996 census), and the latter mostly Hindu (76.7 percent) or Muslim (15.9 percent).
		The population of Fiji is divided almost equally between native Fijians, a people of mixed Polynesian and Melanesian ancestory (54.3%), and Indo-Fijians (38.1%), descendants of Indian contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century.
		Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Fiji (1863 words)

	Fiji
		The population of Fiji is divided almost equally between native Fijians, a people of mixed Polynesian and Melanesian ancestory (51%), and Indo-Fijians (43.7%), descendent of Indian contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century.
		Widely spoken by both ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians, English is the main medium of communication between the two communities, as well as with the outside world.
		Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/fi/Fiji.htm (1409 words)

	iji corrected for fiji
		The population of Fiji is divided almost equally between native Fijians, a people of mixed Polynesian and Melanesian ancestory (51%), and Indo-Fijians (43.7%), descendent of Indian contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century.
		Widely spoken by both ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians, English is the main medium of communication between the two communities, as well as with the outside world.
		Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian.
	www.mistyped.info /iji.htm (1528 words)

	Migration Information Source - Fiji Islands: From Immigration to Emigration
		Gordon prohibited indigenous Fijians from commercial employment so that they could enjoy their traditional lifestyle undisrupted by contact with outside forces, and thus escape the fate that befell other indigenous communities that came into contact with the outside world.
		In more recent years, educated and skilled indigenous Fijians and other ethnic minority members of the middle class have begun leaving Fiji, but their numbers, while growing, are still small.
		A constitution imposed by a presidential decree in 1990 effectively disfranchised the Indo-Fijian community.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Profiles/display.cfm?ID=110 (1528 words)

	Trade and Environment Database: Fijian Sugar Plantations
		An interim government of native Fijians was in power in Suva and after heated discussion of revisiting the constitution, the Fiji High Court of Appeals upheld the legality of the 1997 Constitution which grants Indo-Fijians the right to hold office.
		At the time of the coup, the Indo-Fijian farmers were being evicted from their plantations as Fijian landowners chose not to renew the leases that had been drawn up by the British some thirty years ago.
		In the 1996 census 50.8% of the population was Fijian and 43.7% was Indian.
	www.american.edu /TED/fiji.htm (1528 words)

	Asia Times: Fiji going nowhere fast
		Majority of sugar farmers are Indian Fijians farming on land leased from indigenous landowners.
		However, despite the progress made in bringing order to Fiji, Indian Fijians say they are becoming the scapegoats for all of the country's ills.
		The army is in hot pursuit of his armed rebels, and five Fijian chiefs are under house arrest.
	www.atimes.com /oceania/BH19Ah01.html (1528 words)

	Café Pacific: Asia-Pacific Network: Fiji
		These issues are conveniently deflected by Fijian leadership by a clever but misleading argument that the economic and social condition of the indigenous Fijians persist because Indo-Fijians control the economy and have placed systemic barriers for anybody outside their community to excel in business.
		The SDL has mistakenly argued in favour of indigenous Fijian Provincial democracy in response to the argument that Fiji continues to move away from upholding the constitution and the rule of law.
		At the centre of the accusation was the interim government's agricultural assistance scheme for indigenous Fijian farmers.
	www.asiapac.org.fj /cafepacific/resources/aspac/040602race.html (1528 words)

	India must play an assertive role
		The office of President is reserved for ethnic Fijians and several special rights and privileges of the ethnic Fijians are enshrined in the constitution.
		They have left no one in doubt that India is proud of persons of Indian origin who have brought glory to the motherland by emerging as leaders in various walks of life and for playing a magnificent role in the development of the countries they adopted as their home.
		Acutely aware of the racist elements in the Fijian society, he persuaded his Labour Party to join a People's Coalition comprising parties representing all major ethnic groups in the country.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0900/22.html (1528 words)

	INDOlink - Diaspora - Brij Lal’s ‘Bittersweet’ Reveals Trauma of Indo-Fijians
		As Padma Lal concludes at the end of her interview with Aisha the woman cane farmer, “Indo Fijians are innocent people caught in a tragedy not of their making, living in a world over which they have no control, living in vanishing hope and on the sufferance of others.”
		The book underscores the fact that outside their own worlds, Indo-Fijians are indistinguishable from Desis in any other part of the world.
		In essence, Bittersweet reveals the complexity of the Indo-Fijian experience, the fears and fractured hopes that have been forced upon ordinary men and women from India — and their resilience in the face of tremendous odds; the extraordinary lives of ordinary Indian folk.
	www.indolink.com /displayArticleS.php?id=052605031933 (1528 words)

	Developments in Fiji: Mahendra Chaudhry should review his policy
		Of the four issues the last one is the most crucial and important for the Indo Fijians.
		First is the alleviation of the sufferings of his fellow Indo Fijians.
		Facilitator and chairman Dr. Sitiveni Halapua said that the meeting was very "successful." Chaudhry on his part made no commitment on any of the specifics in the discussion but said that the talks were a "step forward" but discussion was needed on land and the economy.
	www.saag.org /papers4/paper392.html (1528 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Fijians had since taken over his house in Fiji and that he
		the country was populated primarily by indigenous Fijians.
		voters of Fiji elected the first government dominated by Indo-
	laws.lp.findlaw.com /9th/9871201.html (1528 words)

	ILW.COM - Asylum for Fijian who Refused to Participate in Indo-Fijians
		In the Senate (an appointed body with essentially review powers and the right to veto legislation), ethnic Fijians hold 24 of the 34 seats.
		Tagaga" as it was "apparent he has very democratic beliefs and does not agree with the tact[sic] the current Fijian government has taken against the Indians and other minorities in Fiji," the IJ concluded that Tagaga had failed to establish a well-founded fear of persecution and rejected his application.
		In support of this application, Tagaga submitted letters from four Fijian military officers stating that _________________________________________________________________ 6 Tagaga told embassy officials that he wanted to apply for political asy- lum, but was given visitor visas and instructed to apply in the United States.
	www.ilw.com /lawyers/immigdaily/cases/2000,0922-Tagaga.shtm (1528 words)

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