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Aryan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In the 19th century the term "Aryan" was used as shorthand for "Indo-European," even though many of the writers who adopted this usage accepted that it was not strictly accurate, given that the term "Aryan" was unattested in non-Indo-Iranian languages. See also Arya, Indo-Aryans, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan migration, Aryan invasion theory. There is evidence of speakers of Indo-Aryan in Mesopotamia around 1500 BC in the form of loanwords in the Mitanni dialect of Hurrian, the speakers of which, it is speculated, may have once had an Indo-Aryan ruling class. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aryan   (1561 words)

Indo-Aryan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. The term Indic refers to the same group without the negative connotations of "Aryan". The earliest attestations of the group are in Vedic Sanskrit, the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, the foundational canon of Hinduism known as the Vedas. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages   (568 words)

INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGES - LoveToKnow Article on INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGES A. Vocabulary.The ground of all the vocabularies of the modern Indo-Aryan vernaculars is, of course, the vocabulary of Aryan India in the Vedic period. Indo-Aryan is the name generally adopted for those Aryans who entered India and settled there in prehistoric times, and for their descendants. Sanskrit (q.v.) became the language of religion and polite literature, and thus the Midland, the,native land of its mother dialect, became accepted as the true pure home of the Indo-Aryan people, the rest being, from the point of view of educated India, more or less barbarous. www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INDO_ARYAN_LANGUAGES.htm   (5095 words)

Indo-Aryan Kingdoms It could not be said that the Aryans were all fair and the Indians were all dark. The Aryan sacrifices were originally simple offerings to the gods made by every householder on lie family hearth. Some of the most famous of Rishis and heroes of that time, the greatest among them, were in all probability more Indian in their blood than Aryan. www.dalitstan.org /books/menace/menace3.html   (1658 words)

Aryans - Arya - Vedic Civilization - Vedas - Sanskrit - Arya Samaj - Haryana Online - India From this point the term "Aryan" came to mean something similar to "white European" — excluding the Jewish and Arab peoples, because their ancestral languages (Hebrew and Arabic) do not belong to the Indo-European family. The idea of the 'Aryan race' arose when linguists identified Sanskrit and the Avestan (ancient languages of Northern India and Persia, respectively) as the oldest known relatives of all the major European languages, including Latin, Greek, and all Germanic and Celtic languages. These results not only put a big question mark on the Aryan Invasion Theory, but point to the fact that the Aryans and their Vedic civilization were indigenous to India. www.haryana-online.com /People/aryans.htm   (1202 words)

The Myth of Aryan Invasion of India Current archeological data do not support the existence of an Indo Aryan or European invasion into South Asia at any time in the preor protohistoric periods. To preserve the Aryan invasion idea it was assumed that the Vedic (and later sanskrit) term for ocean, samudra, originally did not mean the ocean but any large body of water, especially the Indus river in Punjab. Lands of the Aryans are mentioned in them from Gandhara (Afganistan) in the west to Videha (Nepal) in the east, and south to Vidarbha (Maharashtra). www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/ancient/aryan/aryan_frawley.html   (4480 words)

Women in Indo-Aryan Societies Sati was performed by all the Aryan races, for it is recorded that the Germanic tribes used to immolate the widows of chieftain to accompany the husband to Valhalla [ Harper 273 ] [ Davidson 150 ]. Krishna was one of the earliest Aryan figures, and this story could hence have not been an invention, since the Aryans were very scared of altering anything in their tradition. Brahma is one of the main Aryan gods, being the creator of the world (later he was identified as an incarnation of Vishnu). www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1335/Soc/w_ary.html   (5544 words)

Middle Indo-Aryan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (The term "prakrit" is sometimes used in a general sense to refer to all Middle Indo-Aryan dialects.) The late stage is represented by the Apabhramsa dialects of the sixth century AD and later. The middle stage is represented by the various literary Prakrits, such as Maharashtri. This page was last modified 07:22, 2 August 2005. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan   (131 words)

Race, Soul, and Indo-Aryan Religion According to this opposition of blood and blood, the Aryans evolved a world-view which, for depth and range, cannot be surpassed by any philosophy even today, although admittedly this was only after a long battle against the constantly intruding ideas of the racially inferior aborigines. The fair Aryans thus linked themselves to an acceptable version of the human type, and created a gulf between themselves as conquerors and the black-brown natives of pre-Aryan India. The period, for example, which lies between the heroic songs of the Vedas and that of the Upanishads is one both of expansion and of a simultaneous struggle against sorcery and degenerate ecstasies. library.flawlesslogic.com /soul.htm   (1119 words)

Indo-Aryan languages - Britannica Concise From their language, also called Aryan, the Indo-European languages of South Asia are descended. Aryan - (from Sanskrit rya, “noble”), a people who, in prehistoric times, settled in Iran and northern India. Aryan - Prehistoric people who settled in Iran and northern India. concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9367922   (739 words)

Indo-Aryan Languages Bibhasa Stage: With the passage of time and the dispersal of the Aryans over large parts of the continent that lacked means of mutual communication, local dialects of Sanskrit developed. Sanskritic Stage: During this period the Aryan invaders spoke Sanskrit. These languages of this category are considered the `purest' descendants of Sanskrit, being spoken in Aryavarta, the `pure land of the Aryans', also known as Aryadesha or Madhyadesha. www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1335/Lang/prakrit.html   (3044 words)

Aryan Aryan, [Sanskrit,=noble], term formerly used to designate the Indo-European race or language family or its Indo-Iranian subgroup. Originally a group of nomadic tribes, the Aryans were part of a great migratory movement that spread in successive waves from S Russia and Turkistan during the 2d millennium B.C. Throughout Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, literate urban centers fell to their warrior bands. The idealization of conquest pictured in the Vedic hymns was incorporated into Nazi racist literature, in which German descent was supposedly traced back to Aryan forebears. www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0804912.html   (248 words)

Indo-Aryan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This Indo-Aryan language is a combination of Persian and Arabic in its vocabulary with the grammar of the local dialects. The earliest attestations of the group are in Vedic Sanskrit, the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, the foundational canon of Hinduism known as the Vedas. However, although this preserved the integrity of written language for a long time, the spoken language continues to evolve, and by the sixth century, Sanskrit as a spoken language was rare, being by and large replaced by its descendants, the Prakrits. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indic   (592 words)

Indo-Aryan languages in Assam Bishnupriya Manipuri (an Indo Aryan language) is spoken primarily in the districts of Cachar in the Barak valley. Some Oriya speakers (140782) within the tea tribes of Assam (who came here after the Britishers took over) is also found in various Tea-belts in the Sonitpur, Darrang, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, Golaghat and the Tinsukia districts of Assam. It has its roots in the Apabhramsa dialects developed from Magadhi Prakrit of the eastern group of Sanskritic languages. www.iitg.ernet.in /rcilts/indo_as.html   (490 words)

Indo-Aryan Aryan - Aryan, [Sanskrit,=noble], term formerly used to designate the Indo-European race or language... Romany - Romany, language belonging to the Dardic group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European... www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0825143.html   (99 words)

Indo-Aryan migration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Indo-Aryan migration refers to the theory of migration and expansion of the Indo-Aryans during 1500 BCE or earlier. Indo-Aryan migration into the northern Punjab is thus approximately contemporaneous to the final phase of the decline of the Indus-Valley civilization. However, the Marxist historian Romila Thapar is not an advocate of an Aryan invasion (see Thapar, Romila 1966) though she supports the idea of a gradual migration of Aryan-speaking peoples from the Indo-Iranian borderlands into north-western India. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Aryan_migration   (7157 words)

Aryan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Aryan (Proto-Indo-Iranian) language evolved into the family of Indo-Iranian languages, of which the oldest-known members are Avestan, Vedic, and another Indo-Aryan language, known only from loan-words found in the Mitanni language, the latter which was itself a dialect of Hurrian. Aryan is an English word derived from the Indo-Aryan Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, ārya-, and/or the extended form aryāna-. Indeed, the term Iran – in full Iran Shahr – is the modern outcome of an ancient Aryānām Xšaθra- meaning "realm of the Aryans." The Aryan, or Indo-Iranian group of languages is divided into three branches: Indo-Aryan, Nuristani, and Iranian. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aryans   (1391 words)

Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Indo-Aryan-Speaking Peoples of the Hindu Kush The remainder of the Indo-Aryan languages are located to the east and south. A distinct dialect of this language is spoken in the village of Patrak, on the Panjkora. The table of languages presented in Strand 1973 (p.302) suffered from an unfortunate lapse in the editor's responsibility to correct the numerous typographical errors that appeared in the page proofs of that article. users.sedona.net /~strand/IndoAryan/IndoAryas.html   (1896 words)

Aryan Invasions However, 'works' is a relative term: the importance of the presence of any Hurrians and Indo-Aryans in the Hyksos migration seems to have been largely confined to military technology; the Huns had no long-term influence on Europe and the Turks who formed the core of the Moghuls in India left virtually no trace there. Childe subsequently avoided all mention of his book The Aryans, although in fact it offered no evidence in favour of the delusion of racial superiority and was very careful to distinguish between language and culture and supposed racial classifications. Colin Renfrew writes that, after Hitler's use of the Aryan theme, "Childe subsequently avoided all mention of his book The Aryans, although in fact it offered no evidence in favour of the delusion of racial superiority and was very careful to distinguish between language and culture and supposed racial classifications" (Archaeology and Language, p. users.cyberone.com.au /myers/gimbutas.html   (20924 words)

Indo-Aryan languages --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia From their language, also called Aryan, the Indo-European languages of South Asia are descended. www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9109770   (722 words)

Ergativity in Indo-Aryan Instead of an active-passive interpretation for Kurdish and Indo-Iranian languages, we argue for a language contact between the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo European languages and the South Caucasian languages and trace back the ergativity in Kurdish to the split-ergative system reported in Hurrian (a dialect close to the ancestor of Modern Georgian). Kurdish like Modern Persian is grouped under the Western group of Iranian branch of Indo European languages, but accusative Modern Persian does not exhibit ergativity. Then wes there a proto-Kurdish-Aryan language from which old-Persian and Kurdish dialects were also derived? www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk /~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/2001/3/ergativity.html   (1467 words)

Indo-Aryan Problem: On Language and Archaeology (J.M.Houben) When the incoming Indo-Aryans have attained sufficient political power and population numbers, the existing people abandoned and/or were made to abandon their native language (some form of Dravidian?) and started to use Indo-Aryan tongues. A recent article that mentions this is G. Vajracharya's "The Adaptation of Monsoonal Culture by Rgvedic Aryans: A Further Study of the Frog Hymn," in the Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 3,2 (1997). I was only successful at the site http://www.indiastar.com This contains postings with reviews of recently appeared books, and it seems that books "debunking Aryan Invasion" are extremely popular (does this reflect the popularity of the subject with Indian readers or the policy of the maintainers of the site?). www.hindunet.org /saraswati/resources/Indoaryanproblem.htm   (3609 words)

Indo-Aryan languages --  Encyclopædia Britannica From their language, also called Aryan, the Indo-European languages of South Asia are descended. www.britannica.com /eb/article-9109770   (740 words)

YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Aryan There is evidence of speakers of Indo-Aryan in Mesopotamia around 1500 BC in the form of loanwords in the Mitanni dialect of Hurrian, the speakers of which, it is speculated, may have once had an Indo-Aryan ruling class. Gordon Childe (notably of Marxist persuasion) who in his 1926 The Aryans: a study of Indo-European origins concluded that "the Nordics' superiority in physique fitted them to be the vehicles of a superior language" (a view which he later regretted having expressed). Because of historical racist use of Aryan, and especially use of Aryan race in connection with the propaganda of Nazism, the word is sometimes avoided in the West as being tainted, in the same manner as the swastika symbol. www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Aryan   (1845 words)

Indo-Aryan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. The term Indic refers to the same group without the negative connotations of "Aryan". The earliest attestations of the group are in Vedic Sanskrit, the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, the foundational canon of Hinduism known as the Vedas. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages   (578 words)

The Aryan Migration (CAIS) One of the main reasons for the migration of Aryan tribes to the Iranian mainland was the pressure applied by the yellow-skinned tribesmen living north of Iran, the sudden drop of temperature, increase of tribal population and the drying up of pastures. The reason for such exodus by the Aryan tribe was the pressure applied by the yellow-skinned tribes in the north, sudden drop of temperature, increased tribal population and drying of pastures and their quest for new and fresh pastures. The Aryan tribesmen entered the new regions along with their families, herds, war horses and shepherd dogs, and were gradually employed as mercenaries by native governors to defend and patrol villages. www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/prehistory/aryan_movement.htm   (1577 words)

Who were Illyrians Middle Indo-Aryan includes both the dialects of inscriptions from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD and literary languages. Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC. The middle voice, a form that indicates that a person or thing both performs and is affected by the action represented, was generally abandoned by the Middle Iranian period, although middle voice inflection is well represented in Khotanese. www.geocities.com /iliria1   (15583 words)

Definition of Hindi - Biocrawler It evolved from the Middle Indo-Aryan prakrit languages of the Middle Ages, and indirectly, from Sanskrit. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hindi_language   (2020 words)

THE ARYAN QUESTION REVISITED Indo aryan, Old iranian simply to distinguish it from middle Iranian and new Iranian the same way as Indo aryan is distinguished from middle Indo aryan and new Indo Aryan. There is a closeness then of old Iranian and Indo Aryan, a closeness which is also expressed in the fact that the only two Indo European speaking cultures that have the cult of the soma plant, which is called the haoma in the Avestan, are the Iranians and the Indians. The term Aryan as it is used in English with a capital 'A' was invented in the nineteenth century. members.tripod.com /ascjnu/aryan.html   (12454 words)

India - Languages of India Languages entering South Asia were "Indianized." Scholars cite the presence of retroflex consonants, characteristic structures in verb formations, and a significant amount of vocabulary in Sanskrit with Dravidian or Austroasiatic origin as indications of mutual borrowing, influences, and counterinfluences. In spite of the profound influence of the Sanskrit language and Sanskritic culture on the Dravidian languages, a strong consciousness of the distinctness of Dravidian languages from Sanskrit remained. The oldest documented Dravidian language is Tamil, with a substantial body of literature, particularly the Cankam poetry, going back to the first century A.D. Kannada and Telugu developed extensive bodies of literature after the sixth century, while Malayalam split from Tamil as a literary language by the twelfth century. countrystudies.us /india/64.htm   (849 words)

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