Indo-European language family

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Topic: Indo-European language family

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	Indo-European - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indo-European language family is attested in twelve branches, some of them extinct, with a historical distribution over most of Europe, North India,Anatolia, Iran, and parts of Central Asia (East Turkistan).
		India has the largest single Indo-European speaking population on the planet where 75% of the non-Dravidian population (some 700 million people) speak many different Indo-European languages and dialects, which are descendents of a language called Proto-Indo-Aryan by linguists.
		The languages are traditionally separated into a Satem group in the east (Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian) and a Centum group in the west (Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic), according to their different treatment of PIE velar sounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-European (755 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Lithuanian is one of the oldest of the Indo-European languages.
		Avestan is the extinct language of the Zoroastrian religion.
		Ladino was the language spoken by Spain's Jewish population when they were expelled in 1492.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1825 words)

	MSN Encarta - Indo-European Languages
		Indo-European languages were first spoken in Europe and southern Asia and, because of European colonialism, are now widespread throughout the world.
		Proof that these highly diverse languages are members of a single family was largely accumulated during a 50-year period around the turn of the 19th century.
		To their studies were added extensive grammatical and phonetic comparisons of European languages.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563984/Indo-European_Languages.html (569 words)

	Language Log: Dating Indo-European
		They take this to argue against the alternative "Kurgan hypothesis", according to which the "Kurgan Culture" of the steppes was Indo-European speaking, though they say that it is consistent with the view that the Kurgan people represented a branch of Indo-European.
		Languages that have undergone the same sound changes are likely to have been a single language at the point at which they underwent it.
		Languages change in a number of ways: words are replaced by entirely different words, a word shifts in meaning, one grammatical construction is replaced by another.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000208.html (2093 words)

	Language: Indo-European
		The family of special interest to the English-speaking student is the Indo-European, called also Indo-Germanic and Aryan.
		The language spoken during the period from the Norman Conquest to the middle of the sixteenth century is called Middle English.
		In the course of centuries the language declined, and after the fall of Constantinople, 1453, ceased to be the medium of official communication.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol3/language-indo-european.htm (1547 words)

	Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000
		This survey has touched on only a representative sample of the available reconstructed Indo-European lexicon and has made no attempt to cite the mass of evidence in all the languages of the family, ancient and modern, for these reconstructions.
		The transmission of language by conquest, assimilation, migration, or any other ethnic movement is a complex and enigmatic process that this discussion does not propose to examine—beyond the general proposition that in the case of Indo-European no genetic conclusions can or should be drawn.
		The ultimate “cradle” of the Indo-Europeans may well never be known, and language remains the best and fullest evidence for prehistoric Indo-European society.
	www.bartleby.com /61/8.html (9441 words)

	Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There were no doubt other Indo-European languages which are now lost without a trace.
		The Uralic language family, which includes Hungarian, Estonian, Finnish and the languages of the Sami, is an example.
		The Indo-European sub-branches are often classified in a Satem and a Centum group.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Indo-European_language_family (1050 words)

	February - The Indo-European language family: languages with no relatives (Albanian, Armenian, Greek), and the Indo-Iranian branch
		- Indo-Iranian languages constitute the easternmost branch of the Indo-European language family...
		The parent language, Proto- Indo-European is thought to have been spoken before 3,000 B.C. It then split into different branches that, in turn, split into different languages in the subsequent millennia..….
		It is thought to have derived from languages spoken in southeastern Europe two thousand years ago.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february (471 words)

	IndoEuropean Languages
		English, like most of the languages of Europe, is a member of a large family of languages, the Indo-European language family, probably the most widely studied of all language families.
		Also, Yiddish is considered to be a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.
		Their language, traced back over many, many years, by comparing the earliest known versions of the descendants of this language, is sometimes said to resemble modern Lithuanian more than any of the other Indo-European languages.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/8466/LANG01.html (515 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal Basque Language and Culture
		Besides Indo-European, there are to be found languages of four other families in Europe; the Uralic family and the Altaic stock are represented, and we have to add two language families in the Caucasian area, namely South Caucasian and North Caucasian.
		Remember there is no single language family Caucasian“, but that we have to distinguish sharply between the South Caucasian language family on the one hand and the North Caucasian family on the other hand.
		Estonian, Finnish and Saami (Lapp) are languages belonging to the Finnic branch of Finno-Ugric, Hungarian represents Ugric.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /blessons/mowstr.html (6025 words)

	Geoffrey Sampson: PIE
		Languages change over the centuries — the Old English (or “Anglo-Saxon”) out of which modern English has evolved over the past millennium is recognizably related to present-day English, but it is so different that if people were still speaking it somewhere we would certainly count it as a separate language.
		If the entire linguistic family tree of which it is a part could be spread out to view, PIE would be one node near the bottom of the entire tree, distinguished by the fact that many of the branches it dominates reach right down to the present day.
		After a language has spread over a sizeable territory, particularly in pre-modern conditions in which travel and communication are limited, the largely random changes which happen to all languages everywhere will be different from area to area.
	www.grsampson.net /Q_PIE.html (4378 words)

	Language Family tree
		The Indo-European language which is the earliest known ancestor of modern English is also the ancestor of most modern Western languages.
		At least fourteen other families of languages have been discovered in addition to Indo-European.
		This is because modern English, uniquely amongst Indo-European languages in the last thousand years, is a blend of French and Old English (with elements of Latin and Scandinavian) making it both Italic (or Romance) and Germanic.
	www.putlearningfirst.com /language/01origin/tree.html (206 words)

	indo-European - Wiktionary
		The hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
		Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
		A major language family which includes many of the languages between Europe and India, with notable Indic, Iranian and European sub-branches.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/Indo-European (138 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-Lithuanian
		Lithuanian is in the Baltic family of languages that descend from the Balto-Slavic branches of Indo-European.
		Lithuanian has been an especially important language for scholars seeking to reconstruct the Proto-Indo-European tongue because Lithuanian appears to be strikingly conservative in its grammar and its acquisition of vocabuly.
		Daniel M. Short originally created this map and the other Indo-European language charts for his website at http://www.danshort.com/.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Satem_Lithuanian.html (214 words)

	Computer analysis finds Turkish origin of English
		Two researchers using computer analysis of 87 past and present languages have concluded that the English language and the Indo-European language family of which it is a part, originated in what is now Turkey around 8,000 years ago.
		The researchers collected several thousand words in the studied languages and then used computer analysis to determine how close various languages were to one another, and hence how recently they had probably diverged.
		Writing in the journal Nature, the researchers said that the findings are not consistent with the theory known as the "Kurgan expansion" and instead support the "Anatolian farmer" theory.
	www.itworld.com /Tech/2987/031201turkish/search.html (221 words)

	AllRefer.com - Indo-European (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		By studying the vocabulary and grammar of the various daughter languages of which there are records, scholars have tried to reconstruct Proto-Indo-European and infer some of its characteristics.
		One theory of the origin of the individual Indo-European languages suggests that as the ancient speakers of Proto-Indo-European migrated or moved away from each other, losing contact, their language broke up into a number of tongues.
		See articles on many of the Indo-European subfamilies, groups, and languages.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/IndoEuro.html (629 words)

	INDO-EUROPEAN - Definition
		Aryan; -- applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo-European or Aryan family.
		\In`do-Eu`rope"an\ A member of one of the Caucasian races of Europe or India speaking an Indo-European* language.
		[n] the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/Indo-European (174 words)

	1310
		All told, the Indo-European Language Family is spoken by the most people in the world – about half of the world's population speak an Indo-European Language.
		We've already seen the two theories of how the Indo-European Languages spread.
		The native populations abandoned their old languages because knowledge of the dominant language is seen as necessary when that language is the language of commerce, law, administration and it's a way to attain personal prestige.
	www.geo.utep.edu /pub/nick_miller/1310/LECTURE_10.html (1062 words)

	IEConcept
		One demonstration of cultural distinctiveness was a distinctive language, and this assumption of a one-to-one correlation between the folk nation and some particular language naturally led scholars considering the "Indo-European problem" to assume the existence of a single cultural group speaking a single language.
		Today this hypothetical ur-language is called proto-Indo-European (PIE) and the people who are presumed to have spoken it are called the proto-Indo-Europeans.
		European philologists had long known that many European languages shared similarities, but in 1786 Sir William Jones demonstrated that the
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/IndoEuropean/IEConcept/IEConcept.html (205 words)

	Glenn Humphries' tree of indo-european languages
		Other languages which were influential to the develpment of a language will be noted parenthetically.Please be aware that some of the oldest language names denote the geographic region where that language was spoken rather that what the speakers of the language called their language.
		This is a simplified diagram of the relationship of various modern and obsolete languages showing their development throughout history from various older languages, mostly now extinct.
		"Parent" languages are to the left; "descendant" languages are indented to the right under the appropriate "parent" language.
	glenn.humphries.com /indoeuropean.htm (360 words)

	Branches of the Indo-European Family - Eduseek
		Indo-European Language Tree - A language tree showing the different branches of the Indo-European language family.
		Language Family Tree - An overview of Indo-European languages.
		Subjects > Languages > Languages - 14+ > History of Language > The Indo-European Language Group > Branches of the Indo-European Family
	www.eduseek.com /static/navigate3482.html (104 words)

	Indo-European Languages—Centum Branch
		An alternative view of the Indo-European language tree, copyright © by Warren Reier.
		Languages marked with a dagger (†) are extinct.
		Click on any language block to view a map of where the language is or was spoken.
	www.danshort.com /ie/iecentum_c.shtml (77 words)

	Indo-European Language Family
		Students will write on their papers the language family tree the teacher is drawing on the board.
		Students will use the map of European languages and the blank European map to draw and color the different languages and their subfamilies.
		To connect the languages with the countries or areas where they are spoken.
	fga.freac.fsu.edu /1997/language.htm (373 words)

	Lynch, Indo-European Language Family Tree
		I've even omitted the entire Anatolian, Albanian, and Tocharian families; I've included no languages from the Baltic branch or the Continental Celtic branch; I've grossly oversimplified the Indo-Iranian family; and so on.
		My goal is simply to give some idea of the origins of the English language, and its relations to other familiar languages — along with a few less familiar ones.
		Though you wouldn't think to look at the tangle of lines and arrows, the chart is very much simplified: many languages and even whole language families are left out.
	newark.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/language.html (194 words)

	The Indo-European Family Of Languages
		Actually, we can add a potential 10th non-Indo-European language to this list, though it be an unofficial idiom not heard in any one given locale within Europe: Romani, the language of the roaming gypsies.
		languages that are spoken in present-day Europe are
		Sir William Jones (1748-1794) Lingüist and jurist who discovered an etymological connection between English and Sanskrit, the language of ancient India, in 1783.
	www.linguatics.com /indoeuropean_languages.htm (102 words)

	language
		English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages and is therefore related to
		West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that is closely related
		language groups descended from this ancestral speech, is usually divided by scholars
	www.auburn.edu /~kuhnwi1/gb/webstuff10am/bill/language.html (632 words)

	Indo-European Language Roots
		Almost all the European languages (exception: Basque and, possibly, ancient Pict), along with Persian, Sanskrit and their daughter languages, have common roots and comprise the Indo-European language family tree.
		First, the author introduces the languages in the Indo-European family, then discusses how language changes and how these changes can be used to trace the development of the Indo-European languages and their relationships.
		Scholars are attempting to trace these languages back to a common proto-Indo-European and thereby place the origin of the people groups speaking these languages.
	www.heartoglory.com /celtic/indoeuropean.htm (711 words)

	The Indo-European Language Family
		Swedish, Norwegian, Russian) belong to the Indo-European language family, Finnish does not and is not related to these languages.
		Although most languages surrounding the Finnish-speaking area (i.e.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF97/paivir/finnish/indoeur.html (27 words)

	Proto-Indo-European
		The discovery of Anatolian also prompted the suggestion that the first split in the family might have been between Anatolian and the rest of Indo-European, making an Indo-Hittite family.
		This claim is largely based on the simplicity of the Hittite grammatical system compared with that of Sanskrit and Greek, which may represent an earlier system elaborated on in the ancestor of the Indo-European branch.
		PIE seems to have been a highly-inflecting language, with eight noun cases, three genders, three numbers (singular, plural and dual), and several tenses, moods and voices (the exact number is disputed).
	www.chiark.greenend.org.uk /~marisal/ie/pie.html (493 words)

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Topic: Indo-European language family

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In the News (Sun 15 Nov 09)