Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

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Topic: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

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	Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan.
		However, war on India's Western front during the period between 3 December 1971 and 16 December 1971 is called the Indo-Pakistani War by both the Bangladeshi and Indian Armies.
		War of 1947 – War of 1965 – War of 1971 – Kargil War
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971 (2185 words)

	Did N-arms prevent war with Pak?
		Pakistani officials feared that the undetectable Jaguars had been moved by the Indians in preparation for a preventive strike against the Kahuta uranium enrichment facility, and they repeatedly called on their then US ally for protection.
		Kargil was, in fact, a war, and thus represents the second exception to the theoretical law that nuclear weapon states do not engage in direct military conflict (the first being the Sino-Soviet border clashes of 1969).
		New Delhi and Islamabad had already determined by the time of the US crisis management initiative that the stakes of a war in 1990 were simply too high due to the existential deterrent effects of their mutual nuclear weapon capabilities.
	www.rediff.com /news/2005/jun/02spec1.htm (1548 words)

	Threats - Pakistan - India Intelligence Agencies
		Most Pakistanis, schooled in the belief of their own martial prowess, refused to accept the possibility of their country's military defeat by "Hindu India" and were, instead, quick to blame their failure to attain their military aims on what they considered to be the ineptitude of Ayub Khan and his government.
		The 1965 war began as a series of border flare-ups along undemarcated territory at the Rann of Kutch in the southeast in April and soon after along the cease-fire line in Kashmir.
		By 1971 the largely Punjabi army was in a politically untenable position in East Pakistan, which had voted overwhelmingly for an autonomist party.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/india/threat/pakistan.htm (963 words)

	Indo-Pakistan War of Independence
		The origins of the third Indo-Pakistani conflict (1971) were different from the previous conflicts.
		Though the Indian conduct of the land war on the western front was somewhat timid, the role of the Indian air force was both extensive and daring.
		The Pakistani failure to accommodate demands for autonomy in East Pakistan in 1970 led to secessionist demands in 1971.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm (1053 words)

	BBC NEWS India Pakistan Timeline
		The Pakistani army surrendered at Dhaka and its army of more than 90,000 became Indian prisoners of war.
		Indo-Pakistani relations deteriorated again when civil war erupted in Pakistan, pitting the West Pakistan army against East Pakistanis demanding autonomy and later independence.
		Regional tensions were reduced by the Simla accord of 1972 and by Pakistan's recognition of Bangladesh in 1974.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1971.stm (234 words)

	Prisoner of war - Psychology Central
		Similarly, during the Vietnam War, American service members captured by North Vietnam were routinely beaten and tortured in violation of their status as prisoners of war.
		Since the special rights of a prisoner of war, granted by governments, are the result of multilateral treaties, these definitions have no legal effect and those claiming rights under these definitions would legally be considered common criminals under an arresting jurisdiction's laws.
		In principle to be entitled to prisoner of war status the captured service member must have conducted operations according to the laws and customs of war, e.g.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/POW (1477 words)

	Telegraph News
		The war began with the invasion of Kashmir by Pakistani-controlled guerrillas and troops in August 1965.
		The Pakistani president general Yahya Khan resigned and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the winner of the elections in west Pakistan, became the new President of Pakistan.
		In March 1999, Afghan mercenaries and heavily-armed Pakistani army troops occupied peaks in Kargil, Kashmir, at a height of 18,000 feet on a 80 km stretch of Indian territory.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/campaigns/india/indwars.xml (2065 words)

	Pakistan - India
		Although the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was fought over East Pakistan, heavy fighting also occurred along the Kashmir cease-fire line.
		Consequently, under the Simla Agreement of 1972 following the end of that war, the cease-fire line in Kashmir was redefined (it is now usually referred to as the Line of Control), and India and Pakistan agreed not to use force in Kashmir.
		The military balance between India and Pakistan after the latter's defeat in the 1971 war heavily favored India.
	countrystudies.us /pakistan/83.htm (909 words)

	Pakistan - The United States
		The United States embargo on arms shipments to Pakistan remained in place during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and was not lifted until 1975, during the administration of President Gerald R. Ford.
		The administration of President Richard M. Nixon was forced to formulate a public stance on the brutal crackdown on East Pakistanis by West Pakistani troops that began in March 25, 1971, and it maintained that the crackdown was essentially an internal affair of Pakistan in which direct intervention of outside powers was to be avoided.
		United States-Pakistani relations preceding the 1971 war were characterized by poor communication and much confusion.
	countrystudies.us /pakistan/87.htm (1140 words)

	PNS Hangor - TheBestLinks.com - December 9, India, Pakistan, Submarine, ...
		The PNS Hangor is a Pakistani Daphne Class Submarine which in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War made the first and only submarine kill since World War II, when it sunk the Indian frigate INS Khurki.
		Hangor sailed in the early hours of 22 November 1971 to patrol off the Indian Kathiawar coast under the command of Commander Ahmed Tasnim S.J. On 9 Dec, in an effort to locate the evasive enemy, HANGOR extended her patrol northward to investigate some radio transmissions intercepted on her sensors.
		The Submarine was the Lead Ship of her class and was launched in France on 28th June 1968 and was inducted into the PN in 1971.
	www.thebestlinks.com /PNS_Hangor.html (425 words)

	I Indo-Pakistani War, 1947-1949
		During the second phase of this war the Indians were foremost busy resupplying and reinforcing several of garrisons put under a siege by Muslim irregulars and also some Pakistani troops, as well as recovering as much of terrain captured by their enemy.
		The Pakistanis were meanwhile doing their best in order to make their own air force operational so that this could participate in the war as well.
		The third phase of the Kashmir War came in the spring of 1948, and was again initiated by strikes of Indian fighter-bombers.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_321.shtml (3377 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships 1994-1996
		In discussion of the Pakistani efforts to built its own Bomb one should remember that it was the Indian policy which contributed a lot into breaking the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War up.
		The now well-known Indian test of the so-called "peaceful nuclear device" in 1974 took place three years after the Indo-Pakistani Crisis and the War of December 1971 and definitely as inspired much by that crisis and the subsequent stable (what was important) deterioration of the Indo-Pakistani relations.
		The Indo-Pakistani War originated in a domestic conflict between Bengali nationalists and the central government of Pakistan.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/sutyagin/01-06.htm (1101 words)

	Pakistan - Gurupedia
		Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, but was interrupted in the late 70s, with the execution of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who was convicted of murdering a political opponent in a controversial split decision by Pakistan's Supreme Court.
		Pakistani political history is divided into alternating periods of military dictatorship and democratic civilian/parliamentary rule.
		Almost immediately after independence, India and Pakistan went to war over the state, and later wars were fought in 1965 and 1971 over the territory.
	www.gurupedia.com /p/pa/pakistan.htm (1951 words)

	indo_pakistani_wars.html
		India has won every single one of the aforementioned wars against Pakistan in stunning defeats.
		In addition, the 1999 Kargil conflict is regarded by some as a fourth war between the two states.
		Since both nations achieved independence in August 1947, there have been three major wars between India and Pakistan:
	online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/i/in/indo_pakistani_wars.html (51 words)

	Venik's Aviation - War in Iraq photo gallery
		If you come across some interesting photos of the war in Iraq that you feel should be added to this collection, please e-mail them to me. Make sure you mention where you found this photo, what is depicted on the photo and who is it's author.
		I am talking about uncensored photos of the actual war and not about the work of propaganda approved by the foreign occupational authorities in Iraq or their Iraqi puppets.
		The photos of the war in Iraq are few and far between.
	www.aeronautics.ru /archive/iraq/gallery.htm (280 words)

	Pak-Defence.com: Home of Pakistani Military - Pakistan Air Force Main
		The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 saw Pakistan defeated in the east and the subsequent formation of Bangladesh.
		In between the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the PAF sent its pilots to many Arab nations during the Six-Day War.
		Though the war ended in a stalemate, the PAF was hailed in Pakistan for its performance.
	www.pak-defence.com /pakistan_air_force_main.html (803 words)

	War crisis continues India rejects Pakistani pleas for talks
		Under threat of war, India is demanding not only that the Pakistani government withdraw all support for the insurgency that has convulsed the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir since the late 1980s.
		The Pakistani regime, which is reeling from the rout of its erstwhile Taliban ally, has repeatedly answered Indian government threats of war with boasts that India will be the loser in any military conflict.
		But it is clear that Musharraf fears an all-out war with India or even a prolonged military stand-off that forces Pakistan to spend large sums keeping its troops in a state of battle-readiness.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/jan2002/ind-j09.shtml (1416 words)

	glossaryindiapakistanbits.doc
		Jihadis: From Jihad, which literally means "battle" but is often translated as "holy war." Jihadi or holy warriors are ideologically committed groups from Pakistan or the Pakistani part of Jammu and Kashmir, and in some cases from Afghanistan and other Muslim countries.
		It remained largely peaceful until the summer of 1999 when a localised war between Indian and Pakistani forces erupted in one of its districts, Kargil.
		Pakistani or Azad Kashmir occupies the north and west and has a population of around three million.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /projects/pic/glossaryindiapakistanbits.doc (1395 words)

	Operation Blind Fury. War in Afghanistan.
		The Indian Navy has lost the "Kukri" frigate with 211 people, sunk on Dec. 9 1971 by the Pakistan "Hangor" submarine, and the Alize-type ASW plane was shot down on the same say by a Pakistani F-104 with the loss of one person.
		Indo-Pakistani relations deteriorated when civil war erupted in Pakistan, pitting the West Pakistan army against East Pakistanis demanding greater autonomy.
		This information cannot be further from the truth as it is a fact that the entire 100,000 Pakistani army on the Bengali front, consisting primarily of the 9th, the 14th, and the 36th infantry divisions, was completed destroyed.
	www.aeronautics.ru /archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm (701 words)

	The 1971 India-Pakistan War
		On the 3rd of December 1971, the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) struck a number of Indian airfields in northern India.
		By midnight, India was officially at war with Pakistan.
		For a journey through history, click on as we bring you a new episode every week on a different aspect of the war that led to the creation of a new nation: Bangladesh.
	www.freeindia.org /1971war (165 words)

	Miller Center — The Nixon Presidency — 30 Years Later
		Nixon and John Connally on the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War and Deténte
		President Nixon believed that the December 1971 war between India and Pakistan presented a critical challenge to his plans for détente with the Soviet Union and rapprochement with Communist China.
		Indian success, he believed, would give the Soviets a foothold in South Asia and tempt the Chinese to enter the conflict on behalf of their Pakistani friends.
	millercenter.virginia.edu /scripps/exhibits/nixon/connally (220 words)

	China's Southern Strategy — www.greenwood.com
		He also covers the 1965 trials, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Afghan crisis, trade and aid relations, Soviet-Afghan relations, and China's approach to the Indian Ocean.
		The author describes the history, and the present state of affairs, and examines the views of the two Pakistani statesmen who were the architects of their country's new policy toward China, Ayub Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
	www.greenwood.com /books/bookdetail.asp?sku=C0176 (222 words)

	India-Pakistan Wars
		India-Pakistan Wars: The 1971 War - The 1971 War Indo-Pakistani relations deteriorated when civil war erupted in Pakistan, pitting the...
		India-Pakistan Wars: The 1965 War - The 1965 War The second war began in Apr., 1965, when fighting broke out in the Rann of Kachchh, a...
		India-Pakistan Wars: The 1947–48 War - The 1947–48 War The first war arose over Kashmir, in NW India, in 1947 when Muslim subjects...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0825128.html (204 words)

	India-Pakistan Relations - January 2000
		The Process of Priority Formulation: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
		The Role of the United Nations in the Indo-Pakistani Conflict, 1971.
		South Asian Crisis: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh: A Political and Historical Analysis of the 1971 War.
	www.jfsc.ndu.edu /library/publications/bibliography/india_pakistan.asp (1698 words)

	Pakistan - Introduction
		The country subsequently survived civil war and the resultant loss of its East Wing, or East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh in December 1971, and has accommodated an influx of refugees resulting from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (December 1979-February 1989), which over the course of the conflict exceeded 3.2 million people.
		In December 1971, following a political crisis in what was then East Pakistan and the flight of millions of Bengali refugees to India, Pakistan and India again went to war.
		Since the 1971 war, Pakistan and India have made only slow progress toward normalization of relations.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/pakistan/intro.htm (1446 words)

	Bollywood News - Movie Review: Deewaar [Let's Bring Our Heroes Home!]
		The movie is based on the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.
		Plot: The movie is based on the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.
		At the end of this war, 92,000 Pakistani soldiers returned home...
	www.indiatarget.com /cgi-bin/detailnews.cgi?id=994 (559 words)

	Blitzkrieg to Desert Storm: The Evolution of Operational Warfare
		Although such transformation may seem wise during relatively peaceful times interrupted by small, limited wars, the author suggests that we may find ourselves in the same boat as the British at the outset of World War II when their small “tankettes” could not stand up to German armor.
		Advising against the pursuit of concrete theories of war, Citino favors a continuing study of warfare that contributes to the planning process.
		Observers of the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan should find this advice useful during the current deluge of reporting on every minuscule event.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/citino.html (1011 words)

	Pakistani Defence Forum -> Strangely Parallel Careers Of Israel & Pakistan
		As this incident suggests, Pakistani leaders long placed themselves at the forefront of the "anti-Zionist" struggle and saw their commitment to the Palestinian cause as a way to display their Islamic credentials.
		Israel's territory resulted from the happenstance of war and led to such anomalies as a divided capital city and a country with a waist only nine miles wide; only in 1967 did Israel end these irregularities.
		Supporters of the Zionist and Pakistani enterprises came primarily from the secular middle-class and neither intended to create a theocratic polity.
	www.pakistanidefenceforum.com /index.php?showtopic=7876 (4082 words)

	Mujibur Rahman
		India-Pakistan Wars: The 1971 War - The 1971 War Indo-Pakistani relations deteriorated when civil war erupted in Pakistan, pitting the...
		Civil war broke out in Mar., 1971, when Pakistani troops were sent to put down protests in East Pakistan.
		, and defeated the Pakistani army in late 1971 (see
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0834365.html (268 words)

	1970s - Simple English Wikipedia
		Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
		Throughout the decade: decolonization continued: Angola, Mozambique, Papua/New Guinea, Oman, the Bahamas, and many other countries gained independence.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/1970s (285 words)

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