Indole-3-acetic acid

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	Indole-3-acetic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indole-3-acetic acid, also known as IAA, is a member of the group of phytohormones called auxins.
		Studies of IAA in the 1940s led to the development of the phenoxy herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T).
		IAA can be produced by the reaction of indole with potassium glycolate at 250 C, but this compound is chemically unstable in particular when exposed to light or changing temperature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indoleacetic_acid (283 words)

	References - indole and acetic - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - Purdue University
		Muller A, Weiler EW 2000 Indolic constituents and indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in the wild-type and a tryptophan auxotroph mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.
		Muller A, Hillebrand H, Weiler EW 1998 Indole-3-acetic acid is synthesized from L-tryptophan in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.
		Kobayashi M, Izui H, Nagasawa T, Yamada H 1993 Nitrilase in biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid from indole-3-acetonitrile: cloning of the Alcaligenes gene and site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/indoleac.htm (6781 words)

	Genetic Analysis of Indole-3-butyric Acid Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana Reveals Four Mutant Classes -- Zolman et al. 156 (3): 1323 -- Genetics
		conversion of IBA to IAA (and not fatty acid ß-oxidation)
		Amino acid residues identical in at least two of the sequences are in black boxes and hyphens indicate gaps introduced to maximize alignment.
		for 30 sec, 56° for 30 sec, and 72° for 3 min.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/156/3/1323 (6721 words)

	1H-indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide sPLA.sub.2 inhibitors - Patent 5578634
		A class of novel 1H-indole-3-acetic acid hydrazides is disclosed together with the use of such indole compounds for inhibiting sPLA.sub.2 mediated release of fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) for treatment of conditions such as septic shock.
		Another preferred species of acetic acid hydrazide useful in the practice of this invention are those substituted at the 5 or 6 positions by groups other than methoxy, for example, acidic groups or simple derivatives of such acidic groups.
		Another preferred species of acetic acid hydrazide useful in the practice of this invention are those substituted at the 1 position by groups other than benzyl, for example, alkyl and aryl.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5578634.html (11553 words)

	Biosynthesis of Auxin by the Gram-Positive Phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians Is Controlled by Compounds Specific to Infected Plant Tissues -- Vandeputte et al. 71 (3): 1169 -- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
		Endogenous indoles and the biosynthesis and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid in cultures of Rhizobium phaseoli.
		Cloning and characterization of a locus encoding an indolepyruvate decarboxylase involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in Erwinia herbicola.
		Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis in the biocontrol strain CHAO of Pseudomonas fluorescens: role of tryptophan side chain oxidase.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/3/1169 (4511 words)

	gibberellic acid Tolerance Exemption 10/98
		An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of auxins (specifically; indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3- butyric acid) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food commodities after harvest in accordance with good agricultural practices.
		Indole-3-acetic acid is a naturally occurring analog of indole-3-butyric acid, for which all human health data were waived for the reasons discussed above.
		A 14-day range finding test with pelargonic acid to determine dosing concentrations for a 90-day rat oral toxicity study revealed no adverse effects from pelargonic acid at any dose level, including the highest dose of 20,000 ppm (2 percent of the diet), or 1,834 mg/kg/day (a level exceeding the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/herb-growthreg/fatty-alcohol-monuron/gibberellic-acid/Gibberellins_tol_exp_1098.html (3553 words)

	Arabidopsis cytochrome P450s that catalyze the first step of tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis -- Hull et al. 97 (5): 2379 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		IAA] and (ii) the indole pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway
		(B) Alignments of deduced amino acid sequences of the CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 proteins and the Sorghum CYP79A1 protein.
		Amino acid residues identical in at least two of three sequences are boxed, and hyphens indicate gaps introduced to maximize alignment.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/5/2379 (4324 words)

	Effect of exogenous indole butyric acid on root formation and peroxidase and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activities and phenolic contents in date Palm offshoots
		Currently, indole butyric acid (IBA) is the most widely used auxin to stimulate the rooting process in cuttings because of: 1) its high ability to promote root initiation (Weisman et al., 1988) and 2) its weak toxicity and great stability in comparison to naphthalene acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (Blazich, 1988; Hartmann et al., 1990).
		Effect of naphthalene-acetic acid on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, peroxidase and auxin oxidase in hypocotyls cuttings of soybean during root formation.
		Abbreviations: HRP, horseradish peroxidase; IBA, indole butyric acid.
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/2004/2/Bot452-04.html (2545 words)

	Synthesis of 2-aminopropyle-3-indole–acetic(propionic) acid derivatives
		Indole-3-acetic acid is a well-known plant growth hormone
		As part of a biological program we were interested in preparing 2-aminopropyl-3-indole carboxylic acid homologues 1,2, starting from diester 3, by simple functional group manipulations.
		Apart from possible biological activities 2(3)-carboxy and aminoalkyl substituted indoles may be considered as valuable synthetic intermediates for more complex indole heterocycles or linkers in solid-phase synthesis or supramolecular chemistry.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2003/I05_Bernath/GB-659J/659J.asp (3656 words)

	Mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid gene therapy.
		Mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid gene therapy.Similar effects were observed when the cells were incubated with the apoptotic agent cisplatin.
		We have previously proposed the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the non-toxic plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a novel system for gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (GDEPT).
		Mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid gene therapy.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9336910.html (249 words)

	Boron and ectomycorrhizal influences on indole-3-acetic acid levels and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase and peroxidase activities of Pinus echinata Mill. roots
		Indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity was also increased suggesting that the increased level of IAA was the result of increased synthesis.
		Boron and ectomycorrhizal influences on indole-3-acetic acid levels and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase and peroxidase activities of Pinus echinata Mill.
		The level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) roots was increased by inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch.
	heronpublishing.com /tree/summaries/volume1/a1-1.html (143 words)

	Croat. Chem. Acta 71 (1998) 511-525
		A small decrease of the C=O frequency was determined in the indole-3-acetic acid derivatives and a larger one in indole-3-isobutyric acid.
		Combined ab initio SCF and Molecular Mechanics Studies of Propionic and Isobutyric Acids and Their Indole Derivatives Related to the Phytohormone Auxin (Indole-3-acetic Acid)
		Detailed conformational analyses of propionic and isobutyric acids were performed to contribute to a better understanding of the stereochemical characteristics of biologically active indole-3-aliphatic acids.
	jagor.srce.hr /ccacaa/511.html (194 words)

	AUX1 Promotes Lateral Root Formation by Facilitating Indole-3-Acetic Acid Distribution between Sink and Source Tissues in the Arabidopsis Seedling -- Marchant et al. 14 (3): 589 -- THE PLANT CELL
		Edlund, A., Eklöf, S., Sundberg, B., Moritz, T., and Sandberg, G. A microscale technique for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of picogram amounts of indole-3-acetic acid in plant tissues.
		Ruegger, M., Dewey, E., Hobbie, L., Brown, D., Bernasconi, P., Turner, J., Muday, G., and Estelle, M. Reduced naphthylphthalamic acid binding in the tir3 mutant of Arabidopsis is associated with a reduction in polar auxin transport and diverse morphological defects.
		Leaves 1 + 2 and 3 + 4 were dissected separately from wild-type and aux1 seedlings at 4, 6, and 8 DAG.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/3/589 (5042 words)

	Liquid-chromatographic determination of indole-3-acetic acid and 5- hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in human plasma -- Martinez et al. 29 (7): 1354 -- Clinical Chemistry
		Liquid-chromatographic determination of indole-3-acetic acid and 5- hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in human plasma -- Martinez et al.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/reprint/29/7/1354 (16 words)

	1(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl indole-3-acetic acid-3-oxo-isobenzofuranyl ester and pharmaceutical use thereof - Patent 4277489
		It is known that 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid has a remarkable therapeutical activity, for example as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, as well as some antipyretic action, whereby it is used in man, for example, for therapy of either rheumatic arthritis or other diseases against motory apparatus with a phlogistic component.
		The object of the present invention is a derivative of 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid with 3-oxo-1-isobenzofuranyl, linked by an ester bond, its preparation and its therapeutic use as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
		Said compound is prepared by reacting equi-molecular amounts of 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl indole-3-acetic acid and bromophthalide a few hours at room temperature, under a mild stirring, in the presence of a base.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4277489.html (1811 words)

	66046.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		Use of indole-3-acetic acids in the treatment of asthma, COPD and other diseases.
		The present invention relates to a new pharmaceutical use for certain indole acetic acids.
		Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which R4 is hydrogen or methoxy.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/66046.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1896 words)

	Reduction of Oximes to Amines Using a Zinc-Copper Couple - [www.rhodium.ws]
		An efficient and short synthesis of [1-amino-2-(3-indolyl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid (1), the phosphonic acid analog of tryptophan, from indole-3-acetic acid which utilizes a novel zinc-copper couple reduction of an oxime is described.
		In summary, tryptophan phosphonic acid was synthesized in five steps from indole-3-acetic acid.
		Indole-3-acetyl chloride 2, was generated from indole-3-acetic acid using oxalyl chloride (1.1 eq.) in refluxing methylene chloride which contained 0.3% DMF by volume.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/oxime2amine.zn-cu.html (703 words)

	INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (IAA)
		Heteroauxin; 3-Indoleacetic Acid; beta-Indoleacetic Acid; 1H-Indole-3-acetic acid; Rhizopin; Skatolecarboxylic acid; 1H-indole-3-acetic acid; indol-3-ylacetic acid; 3-Indolylacetic acid; 3-(Carboxymethyl)indole; Acide de indole-3-acetique; Acide indoleacetique -3; Indol-3-ylessigsäure (Dutch); ácido indol-3-ilacético (Spanish); Acide indole-3-ylacétique (French);
		Indole acetic acid is the exact structure of Auxin activity.
		Auxin is one of five (or more) major plant hormones (Auxin, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Ethylene and Abscisic acid) which affect numerous plant growth processes functions including cell division and elongation, autumnal loss of leaves, and the formation of buds, roots, flowers, and fruit.
	www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/lifescience/agro/INDOLE-3-ACETIC%20ACID.htm (287 words)

	Indole Acetic Acid
		Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulates the growth of the main stem (apical dominance) and reduces the growth of side branches.
		Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin plant hormone, and it is the most active auxin.
		As Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) is produced it inhibits the growth of side branches.
	www.super-grow.biz /IAA.jsp (597 words)

	Interaction between indole-3-acetic acid and ethylene in the control of tracheid production in detached shoots of Abies balsamea
		We investigated the interaction between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ethylene in the regulation of the seasonal periodicity of tracheid production in 1-year-old balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) cuttings collected at different times during the dormant period.
		Interaction between indole-3-acetic acid and ethylene in the control of tracheid production in detached shoots of Abies balsamea
		The cuttings were left with their buds intact or were debudded and treated either apically with IAA or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) in lanolin, laterally with IAA or Ethrel in lanolin, or basally with Ethrel, Co or Ag in deionized water.
	heronpublishing.com /tree/summaries/volume15/a15-27.html (328 words)

	Effect of light on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, peroxidase and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase in soybean hypocotyls
		The mechanism of Indole-3-acetic Acid Oxidation by Horsrradish peroxidases.
		In vitro oxidation of indoleacetic acid by soluble auxin-oxidases and peroxidases from maize roots.
		The elution profiles of soybean hypocotyl extracts (Figure 2 and Figure 3) confirmed the data in published papers that dual catalysis was present in IAA oxidase and peroxidase isozymes (Grambow and Langenbeck-Sckwich, 1983; Pressey, 1990; Quesada et al., 1992).
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/1996/2/bot372-04.html (3985 words)

	Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis Is Deficient in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Strains with Mutations in Cytochrome c Biogenesis Genes -- Lee et al. 186 (16): 5384 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Endogenous indoles and the biosynthesis and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid in cultures of Rhizobium phaseoli.
		Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis Is Deficient in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Strains with Mutations in Cytochrome c Biogenesis Genes -- Lee et al.
		Azospirillum brasilense indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis: evidence for a non-tryptophan dependent pathway.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/16/5384 (3810 words)

	4-Cl-indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in Pisum sativum fruit.
		However, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), also a natural auxin of pea fruit, was not active in promoting pea fruit growth.
		Previously, we have shown that 4-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), a natural auxin of pea seeds, was active in promoting deseeded pea fruit growth in planta (Phytochemistry (1995) 40: 1361).
		However, since the pericarp is a significantly larger percent of the pea fruit weight than seeds early in fruit growth, pericarp at 3 DAA contained 4.7 times more IAA, and 1.7 times more 4-Cl-IAA, than the seeds per fruit.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb1997/47/5091.shtml (363 words)

	Find in a Library: Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in normal and dwarf micropropagated banana plants (Musa spp. AAA
		Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in normal and dwarf micropropagated banana plants (Musa spp.
		Find in a Library: Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in normal and dwarf micropropagated banana plants (Musa spp.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/c92ce1f4a2296d2fa19afeb4da09e526.html (75 words)

	ARS Publication request: Antifungal and Sprout Regulatory Bioactivities of Phenylacetic Acid, Indole-3-Acetic Acid, and Tyrosol Isolated from the Potato Dry Rot Suppressive Bacterium Enterobacter Cloacae S11:t:07
		The metabolites phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and tyrosol (TSL) were isolated from S11:T:07 liquid cultures provided three different growth media.
		Citation: Slininger, P.J., Burkhead, K.D., Schisler, D.A. Antifungal And Sprout Regulatory Bioactivities Of Phenylacetic Acid, Indole-3-Acetic Acid, And Tyrosol Isolated From The Potato Dry Rot Suppressive Bacterium Enterobacter Cloacae S11:t:07.
		The bioactivities of the metabolites were investigated via TLC bioautography of antifungal activity, wounded potato assays of dry rot suppressiveness, and cored potato eye assays of sprout inhibition.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=143219&pf=1 (491 words)

	Analysis of the horseradish peroxidaseindole-3-acetic acid combination in a three-dimensional tumor model
		5 mM concentrations of IAA and the halogenated indole, 5-bromoindole-3-acetic acid (5Br-IAA), resulted in decreased cell survival, and demonstrates that this combination is effective under tumor-simulated conditions.
		Horseradish peroxidase has previously been shown to catalyze the conversion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to a potent cytotoxin in a gene therapy setting.
		This indicates that the indole prodrugs would be able to reach cells distant from functional blood vessels.
	www.nature.com /cgt/journal/v11/n7/full/7700713a.html (2678 words)

	Botany online: Plant hormones - Phytohormones - Auxins
		Methyl-4-chlorindole-3-acetic acid and indole aspartate, for example, were found in unripe pea seeds (and unripe seeds of other plants, too).
		It transports certain auxin molecules like IES or naphtylacetic acid faster than 2,4-dichlorphenoxy acetic acid, for example.
		Transport is energy-consuming and is drastically reduced in the absence of oxygen.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e31/31b.htm (971 words)

	Identification and Biochemical Characterization of an Arabidopsis Indole-3-acetic Acid Glucosyltransferase -- Jackson et al. 276 (6): 4350 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Identification and Biochemical Characterization of an Arabidopsis Indole-3-acetic Acid Glucosyltransferase -- Jackson et al.
		Determination of Catalytic Key Amino Acids and UDP Sugar Donor Specificity of the Cyanohydrin Glycosyltransferase UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor.
		Characterization of a Family of IAA-Amino Acid Conjugate Hydrolases from Arabidopsis
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/276/6/4350 (944 words)

	Goldacre, Peter L. (1953-01-01) The destruction of indole-3-acetic acid by plant tissues. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05012003-110235
		Goldacre, Peter L. (1953-01-01) The destruction of indole-3-acetic acid by plant tissues.
		This paper concerns those systems present in the epicotyls of eliolated pea seedlings which inactivate the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (I.A.A.).
		The destruction of indole-3-acetic acid by plant tissues
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechETD:etd-05012003-110235 (304 words)

	Doctoral research project The effect of pH on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis ...
		The effect of pH on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis of Azospirillum brasilense.
		Doctoral research project The effect of pH on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis...
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /research/researchdatabase/project/3E03/3E030698.htm (24 words)

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In the News (Sun 15 Nov 09)