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	Induced Dipole Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Induced dipole forces result when an ion or a dipole induces a dipole in an atom or a molecule with no dipole.
		An ion-induced dipole attraction is a weak attraction that results when the approach of an ion induces a dipole in an atom or in a nonpolar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electrons in the nonpolar species.
		A dipole-induced dipole attraction is a weak attraction that results when a polar molecule induces a dipole in an atom or in a nonpolar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electrons in the nonpolar species.
	www.chem.purdue.edu /gchelp/liquids/inddip.html (94 words)

	Dipole Information - dipole cb antennas
		The direction of the dipole moment corresponds to the direction from the negative to the positive charge quarter wave dipole or dipole chemistry from the dipole dipole south to the north pole.
		Since the direction make dipole antenna of an electric field is defined as the direction of dipole the force on a positive charge, electric vhf folded dipole field lines point away from a positive charge and toward a negative charge.
		Since the direction of a magnetic field is defined as the direction of the force on a north dipole balun 1 4 wave dipole antennas magnetic dipole antenna calculator pole, magnetic field lines point away from a north pole and towards a south pole.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_D-/Dipole.html (1123 words)

	Dipole
		A dipole is a pair of electric charges or magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite polarity, separated by some (usually small) distance.
		Dipoles can be characterized by their dipole moment, a vector quantity with a magnitude equal to the product of the charge or magnetic strength of one of the poles and the distance separating the two poles.
		The direction of the dipole moment corresponds to the direction from the negative to the positive charge or from the south to the north pole.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/d/di/dipole.html (506 words)

	Dipole Summary
		The dipole moment is equal to the magnitude of the equal and opposite charges multiplied by the distance between the centers of the charge distributions.
		For magnetic dipoles, the dipole moment points from the magnetic south to the magnetic north pole — confusingly, the "north" and "south" convention for magnetic dipoles is the opposite of that used to describe the Earth's geographic and magnetic poles, so that the Earth's geomagnetic north pole is the south pole of its dipole moment.
		Although there are no known magnetic monopoles in nature, there are magnetic dipoles in the form of the quantum-mechanical spin associated with particles such as electrons (although the accurate description of such effects falls outside of classical electromagnetism).
	www.bookrags.com /Dipole (2186 words)

	Intermolecular Attractions or van der Waals Forces
		This short term, very weak attraction is enough to cause slight variations in the actual pressure and volume of a gas compared to the ideal gas law predictions.
		The rank for increasing induced dipole force is water < hydrogen sulfide < hydrogen selenide, because induced dipole force increases as the size of the molecule increases.
		Attractions between a hydrogen (bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen) and oxygen or nitrogen on a different part of the molecule twist the three dimensional shape and hold it in place.
	www.chemprofessor.com /imf.htm (1089 words)

	Molecule - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Forces of attraction between molecules determine which state a substance will be in at a particular temperature and pressure.
		London forces are actually a weak form of dipole-dipole attraction, while hydrogen bonds are an especially strong type of dipole-dipole attraction.
		The strong intermolecular attraction of the hydrogen bond is responsible for the unusual properties of water.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761563983___11/Molecule.html (1138 words)

	Dipole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By contrast, a magnetic dipole is a closed circulation of electric current.
		Dipoles can be characterized by their dipole moment, a vector quantity.
		The definition of an induced dipole given in the previous sentence is too restrictive and misleading.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dipole (1762 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dipole
		For the simple electric dipole given above, the electric dipole moment would point from the negative charge towards the positive charge, and have a magnitude equal to the strength of each charge times the separation between the charges.
		For the current loop, the magnetic dipole moment would point through the loop (according to the right hand rule), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop.
		In the case of open-shell atoms with degenerate energy levels, one could define a dipole moment by the aid of the first-order Stark effect.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dipole (1778 words)

	Solubility Parameters-- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Molecules that have permanent dipole moments are said to be polar, while molecules in which all the dipoles cancel out (zero dipole moment) are said to be nonpolar.
		The degree of "polarity" that these temporary dipoles confer on a molecule is related to surface area: the larger the molecule, the greater the number of temporary dipoles, and the greater the intermolecular attractions.
		These dipole-induced dipole forces, called Debye interactions, are not as temperature dependant as Keesom interactions because the induced dipole is free to shift and rotate around the nonpolar molecule as the molecules move.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byauth/burke/solpar/solpar4.html (1411 words)

	[No title]
		Induced Intermolecular Forces: Induction of electric charge occurs when a charge on one object causes a change in the distribution of charge on a nearby object.
		At the instant that one non-polar molecule is in a slightly polar condition, it is capable of inducing a dipole in a nearby molecule.
		This dipole is easily attracted to the partially negative lone pair on a nearby electronegative atom: F, O and N. A hydrogen bond is only about 5% as strong as a single covalent bond.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/chemnotes/4.5.doc (1871 words)

	Untitled Document
		The strength of the attraction depends on the magnitude of the charge on the ion, the magnitude of the dipole moment and the distance between center of the ion and the midpoint of the polar molecule.
		The attraction arises because of the permanent dipole in the polar molecule.
		The larger the magnitude of the dipole moment the stronger the attraction given the molecules are of similar mass and size.
	intro.chem.okstate.edu /1515SP01/Lecture/Chapter12/Lec2201.html (2390 words)

	Contributions IV-VII
		An ion may induce a dipole in a neutral atom or non-polar molecule or it may induce a stronger dipole in a polar molecule and then the permanent dipole and the induced dipole can interact.
		It is very happy not having a permanent dipole moment but if an ion (like Na comes close by it, then the electron distribution of the non-polar molecule will be perturbed because of the close proximity of the positive charge of the sodium ion, and then the non-polar molecule will have an instantaneous dipole moment.
		Similarly to the above, a permanent dipole may induce a dipole in a neutral atom or non-polar molecule or it may induce a stronger dipole in a polar molecule and then the permanent dipole and the induced dipole can interact.
	stern.kennesaw.edu /interfor/in01024.htm (2140 words)

	Supplemental Topics
		A clear conclusion to be drawn from this fact is that intermolecular attractive forces vary considerably, and that the boiling point of a compound is a measure of the strength of these forces.
		Thus, in order to break the intermolecular attractions that hold the molecules of a compound in the condensed liquid state, it is necessary to increase their kinetic energy by raising the sample temperature to the characteristic boiling point of the compound.
		The induced dipoles are transient, but are sufficient to permit liquifaction of neon at low temperature and high pressure.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/physprop.htm (4420 words)

	London Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Experiments have shown, though, that the actual strengths of the attractions between polar molecules are greater than we would predict from the polarity of the isolated molecules.
		The additional attraction is the result of London forces, which contribute to the attractions between polar molecules as well as nonpolar ones.
		The increased attractions between polar molecules that come from the higher charges that arise due to instantaneous increases in dipoles and induced increases in dipoles are London forces.
	www.mpcfaculty.net /mark_bishop/London_polar_molecules.htm (441 words)

	The Kinetic Molecular Theory Description of Mixtures
		When we blend oil and water together the intermolecular attractions for oil to water is much lower than the attractions for either the water to other water molecules or the oil to other oil molecules.
		The attractions of the solute to the solvent don’t have to be strong, they just have to be similar in strength to the attractions of the pure liquids.
		There is a weak attraction between the gas and the metal which is sufficient to keep the hydrogen in the lattice.
	www.chemprofessor.com /mix.htm (4122 words)

	Molecule - MSN Encarta
		This attraction, in turn, can influence the physical properties of the substance.
		A measurement of the strength of the dipole, called the dipole moment, depends on the size of the electrical charges, the distance between them, and how they are arranged.
		If the monomers are polar, attractions can form between different parts of the molecule or between the monomers and other molecules.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563983_2/Molecule.html (3110 words)

	Dipole
		A dipole (Greek: dyo = two and polos = pivot) is a pair of electric charges or magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite polarity (opposite electronic charges), separated by some (usually small) distance.
		There's no such thing as a magnetic physical dipole, since there are (so far as is known) no magnetic monopoles.
		A magnetic point dipole has a magnetic field of the exact same form as the electric field of an electric point dipole.
	www.neodymiummagnets.info /dipole.php (778 words)

	Intermolecular Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ions have permanent electrostatic charges, and a common electrostatic interaction that has been previously discussed is the attraction between oppositely charged ions, known as ionic bonding (click here for more information).
		Although atomic radii do vary, it is not over a considerable range, thus, the attraction between two ions is determined primarily by the charge of the ions.
		The greater the polarizability of a molecule the easier it is to induce a momentary dipole and the stronger the dispersion forces
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /chm1046/notes/Forces/Intermol/Forces02.htm (1325 words)

	chapter 19 answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Water, which is polar, induces a dipole in oxygen.
		This permits a dipole - induced dipole attraction allowing some oxygen to dissolve in water.
		They are all polar molecules, held together by dipole - dipole interactions.
	www.mystery.com /~leslie/itsc/ch_19.html (267 words)

	Intermolecular force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The latter dipole is induced by the electric field offered by the permanent dipole of water (see field from an electric dipole).
		This permanent dipole-induced dipole interaction is referred to as induction (or polarization) interaction and is to be distinguished from the London dispersion interaction.
		The "explanation" of the dispersion force as the interaction between two such dipoles was invented after London gave the proper quantum mechanical theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instantaneous-dipole_induced-dipole_attraction (1371 words)

	Making the Modern World - Intermolecular forces: Part 1
		Although they are relatively weak compared to the intramolecular bonds their effects are important and are responsible for many of the properties of a substance – for example, solubility, physical state (whether the substance is a solid, liquid, gas), and in the case of polymers their strength and flexibility.
		The resulting attraction between the two dipoles is called an instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attraction.
		More energy is required to break the stronger instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attractions holding the molecules together, and so at room temperature iodine is a solid.
	www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk /learning_modules/chemistry/03.TU.02/?section=3 (788 words)

	Project2.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When molecules arrange themselves, they are most stable when the positive of one dipole is close to the negative of another.
		Vander Waals forces are temporary dipoles that are induced in a molecule by other nearby molecules.
		If the alkene is cis distributed, the vector sum of the two dipole moments is directed perpendicular to the double bond and a polar molecule results and consequently so does a dipole-dipole force.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~kristinl/Project2.html (546 words)

	Binding Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is a key concept in understanding the stabilization of emulsions, the compression of powders into capsules, and the attraction of the drug to the substrate in the body.
		The Debeye forces are the attractive forces between a permanent dipole molecule and an induced dipole molecule.
		An induced dipole molecule is a nonpolar molecule which was made (induced) to become a dipole molecule by the attractive force of another dipole molecule.
	www.utmem.edu /physpharm/.001a.html (442 words)

	molecules.dcr
		Interactions between ions, dipoles, and induced dipoles account for many properties of molecules - deviations from ideal gas behavior in the vapor state, and the condensation of gases to the liquid or solid states.
		It is possible that these forces arise from the fluctuating dipole of one molecule inducing an opposing dipole in the other molecule, giving an electrical attraction.
		The stronger farther-reaching electrical forces from ions and dipoles are considered to operate in addition to these forces.
	web.umr.edu /~gbert/INTERACT/intermolecular.HTM (904 words)

	Polyethylene
		LDPE has many branches which means that the chains do not fit well together.
		It has therefore less strong intermolecular forces as the instantaneous-dipole induced-dipole attraction is less.
		This results in a lower density and tensile strength, increased malleability and faster biodegradation.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Polyethene.html (268 words)

	Bonds-vs-Interactions
		Definition: Intermolecular Forces are electrostatic forces of attraction that exist between an area of negative charge on one molecule and an area of positive charge on a second molecule.
		They are named as such because the dipoles are created as a response to a dipole somewhere else in the environment.
		Once the temporary dipole is lost when the electrons return to the center of the structure, the stimulus for the induced dipoles in the environment is lost.
	www.bcpl.net /~kdrews/interactions/interactions.html (1237 words)

	The Lennard--Jones potential
		A dipole is an electrical structure in which charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign are separated along a line (Fig.
		We can increase the dipole moment of a structure either by increasing the magnitude of the positive and negative charges or by increasing their separation.
		The direction of the dipole is defined to lie along the arrow that points from the negative charge to the postive charge.
	polymer.bu.edu /Wasser/robert/work/node8.html (606 words)

	Boiling point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Since heat is added with corresponding change in temperature the heat capacity the liquid is essentially infinite at the point.
		In terms of intermolecular interactions the boiling represents the point at which the liquid possess enough heat energy to overcome the various intermolecular attractions the molecules into the liquid (eg.
		dipole-dipole attraction instantaneous-dipole induced-dipole attractions and hydrogen bonds).
	www.freeglossary.com /Boiling_point (617 words)

	Slides30
		The "van der Waals" equation for real gas behavior has treated the excluded volume repulsion and intermolecular attraction separately and introduces the correction from each separately into the "V" and "P" terms of the ideal gas equation.
		The instantaneous dipole in one molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nearby molecule.
		The ease with which a valence electron cloud shape is distorted is determined by the atom or molecule's "polarizability".
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/09-105/S98Slides25.html (418 words)

	The Net Equation: Your Online Source for Chemistry Solutions
		When a substance is in the liquid state, its molecules or atoms are held together by mutual attraction; without these forces, the molecules or atoms would expand to fill all the space available, becoming a gas.
		The next type of attraction is dipole-dipole, in which the dipoles of two molecules are mutually attracted.
		This type of attraction occurs because the charge on the water molecule distorts the electron clouds of pentane's component atoms, causing them to be either attracted to the positive dipole or repelled by the negative dipole.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004970/states/intermolec.htm (997 words)

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