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Topic: Inductive output tube

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	Inductive ballasting of direct current gas discharges - Patent 4450385
		As the instantaneous output voltage from rectifier bridge 17 exceeds the device voltage drop, the lamp discharge begins to conduct current with a rate of increase in current proportional to the voltage across inductor 16.
		The anode of thyristor 31 and the cathode of diode 33 are connected to port 29.
		The anodes of diodes 32 and 33 are connected together and form the negative output terminal 45 of the bridge.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4450385.html (2246 words)

	FEEE - Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronics: Microwave tubes
		Two of the researchers instrumental in the initial development of the IOT, a pair of brothers named Sigurd and Russell Varian, added a second cavity resonator for signal input to the inductive output tube.
		This input resonator acted as a pair of inductive grids to alternately "bunch" and release packets of electrons down the drift space of the tube, so the electron beam would be composed of electrons traveling at different velocities.
		In this tube, electrons emitted from the heated cathode travel through the cavity grids toward the repeller plate, then are repelled and returned back the way they came (hence the name reflex) through the cavity grids.
	www.vias.org /feee/tubes_12.html (721 words)

	Microwave tubes : ELECTRON TUBES (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The oscillating electric and magnetic fields associated with the beam "echoed" inside the cavity, in a manner similar to the sounds of traveling automobiles echoing in a roadside canyon, allowing radio-frequency energy to be transferred from the beam to a waveguide or coaxial cable connected to the resonator with a coupling loop.
		Initially developed as low-power devices whose output required further amplification for radio transmitter use, reflex klystron design was refined to the point where the tubes could serve as power devices in their own right.
		In the case of the microwave oven, the output power is directed through a waveguide to the food or drink to be heated, the water molecules within acting as tiny load resistors, dissipating the electrical energy in the form of heat.
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_3/chpt_13/11.html (689 words)

	physics - Inductive output tube
		The inductive output tube or IOT is a variety of vacuum tube which evolved in the 1980s to meet increasing efficiency requirements for high-power RF amplifiers.
		IOTs have been described as a cross between a klystron and a triode, and have their primary commercial use in UHF television transmitters, in which application they have mostly replaced klystrons.
		Because the control grid of an IOT is located so close to its high-voltage, high-current cathode, arcing was a serious problem in design and development of the technology.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Inductive_output_tube (128 words)

	Inductive encoders for heartier performance
		Inductive sensors can even operate while submerged because there are no "lines-of-sight" that could become obscured by dirt or debris.
		Inductive encoders are not limited to the basic 5 Vdc output signal.
		Inductive: Inductive encoders, the newcomer, work by monitoring the effect of a metal scale on an electromagnetic field.
	www.motionsystemdesign.com /Issue/Article/25011/Inductive_encoders_for_heartier_performance.aspx (2829 words)

	IOT: An Old Dream Come True
		The Inductive Output Tube (IOT) is a hybrid device combining some aspects of the design and operation of both gridded and beam tubes (Klystrons).
		The inductive output cavity (IOT) invented by Haeff was first proposed as an RF source for radar.
		The improvement in performance of the present IOT tubes over the original Haeff tube, about 1000 times in power output, is due to the microwave beam tube technology as well as certain proprietary improvements in design.
	www.bext.com /iot.htm (0 words)

	CPI :: Glossary
		The dynamic electrical characteristics of a power grid tube may be plotted using control grid voltage versus anode current, together with incidental control grid current and (in the case of a tetrode) screen grid current, all plotted on an x-y graph.
		An oscillator is a circuit that produces an alternating output signal of a certain frequency determined by the characteristics of the circuit components.
		A pulse modulator tube is used to switch current into a load which may be another VED or a transformer, etc. Pulse modulator tubes may be either tetrodes where constant current characteristics are desirable or triodes where fast rise time is a requirement.
	www.cpii.com /glossary.cfm (5577 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Bipolar output stage prefers capacitive or inductive load?
		Inductive loads won't hurt stability, but the excess dissipation in the output stage is not welcome.
		When a large inductive load is driven you must to protect the output transistors with two diode connected from the negative supply and speaker output and from speaker output and positive supply.
		Slightly inductive is a good choice.A RC network in order to compensate this little inductive load is also possible.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=1020998 (688 words)

	Symphony Sound - Tube Friendly Speakers
		Many of our customers are tube enthusiasts (or aspiring tube enthusiasts), hence one of the most common questions we are asked is "Will my speakers run on tubes?" Many consumers are confused, and others clearly misinformed, regarding what characteristics of loudspeakers yield a "tube friendly" design.
		Many tube enthusiasts state that a speaker must be nominally rated at 8 ohms or higher in order to be tube friendly - this is an oversimplification and will be clarified later.
		Certainly we encourage you to gather as much data as possible such that you don't waste your time auditioning speakers which are clearly not appropriate choices for tubes, but when it comes down to it folks the only way to find the right speaker is to listen to it anyway.
	www.symphonysound.com /articles/tubefriendly.html (3199 words)

	Fluid cooled litz coil inductive heater and connector therefor - Patent 5461215
		RF output circuits have variable tuning impedances, usually capacitors, that can be adjusted so the capacitive reactance, -1/j.omega.C, balances the coil inductance j.omega.L, leaving only the resistive component of the coil and the coupled resistance of the load.
		The tube 1 in the present embodiment is made of 0.060 inch wall Teflon (PTFE) tubing furnished by Zeus Plastics Co. The tube is outside diameter (OD) is 0.560 inch.
		Also a rigid quartz tube helix can be used for the coolant tube provided the ends away from the heat are supplied with short lengths Teflon tubing attached by the method shown to both Quartz and copper tubing.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5461215.html (3375 words)

	Lead Dress in Tube Amps
		For example, the input grids are hypersensitive, the output tube grids are only mildly sensitive.
		Both capacitive and inductive pickup are inverse square law emitters.
		Putting an input wire near the output stage is begging for intractible oscillation.
	www.geofex.com /Article_Folders/lead_dress/lead_dress_in_tube_amps.htm (984 words)

	Lessons In Electric Circuits -- Volume II (AC) - Chapter 14
		Wind blowing across an open-ended tube also produces standing waves; this time, the waves are vibrations of air molecules (sound) within the tube rather than vibrations of a solid object.
		The large, copper tubes with ceramic insulator caps at the ends are rigid coaxial transmission lines of 50 Ω characteristic impedance.
		Inductive output tubes use toroid-shaped cavity resonators to maximize the power transfer efficiency between the electron beam and the output cable.
	www.ibiblio.org /obp/electricCircuits/AC/AC_14.html (10411 words)

	Electron beam tube output arrangement invention
		There are various types of linear electron beam tube known to those skilled in the art, examples of which include the Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), the klystron and the Inductive Output Tube (IOT).
		[0005] In an inductive output tube (IOT) a grid is placed close to and in front of the cathode, and the RF signal to be amplified is applied between the cathode and the grid so that the electron beam generated in the gun is density modulated.
		The amount of power which needs to be dissipated depends upon the efficiency of the linear beam tube, this being the difference between the power of the beam generated at the electron gun region and the RF power extracted in the output coupling of the RF region.
	www.freshpatents.com /Electron-beam-tube-output-arrangement-dt20060720ptan20060158139.php (0 words)

	Output Stage Design
		The Cathode Follower has the advantage of reducing the size of the coupling capacitor needed (although, the cathode directly attaches to the input grids of the output tubes, the Cathode Follower itself still sees a coupling capacitor at its grid).
		It also fights the output tube's grid from pulling up the grid voltage at input overload.
		If this guideline is not followed, we risk having the output tube break into positive grid bias.
	www.tubecad.com /january2000/page19.html (473 words)

	Bella EXtreme 100 mono bloc amplifiers
		The Bella EXtreme 100's are providing you with 100 watts pentode and 60 watts in triode of glorious 6550/KT88 tube power which will drive most loudspeakers with grace and ease.
		Although the output decreases, usually 40%-50%, the bandwidth increases, the distortion decreases, and damping factor increases as compared to PENTODE operation.
		Tube compliment: 4 X KT 88 (standard), 1 X 6SL7, 2X6SN7 (input).
	www.bellaextreme.com /Bellaextreme100.htm (0 words)

	News - HiTek Power
		The supplies are highly stable: output voltage changes by less than 0.1 per cent for a zero to full load change in load currrent and the output will recover to within ±0.5 per cent of set value in less than 100mS from the removal of a short circuit.
		Output current is between 0 and 200mA and load regulation is better than 5V for a 0 to 100 per cent change in current.
		Output current is between 0 and 100mA and load regulation is better than 0.05 per cent deviation in output voltage for a 10 to 60mA change in load current at 60kV, increasing to 0.3 per cent at 5kV.
	www.hitekpower.com /news.htm (2270 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Transfer of energy from the plate circuit to the grid circuit of a vacuum tube by means of induction.
		Transfer of energy from the output circuit to the input circuit of an amplifying device through an inductor, or by means of inductive coupling.
		] A tube in which output energy is obtained from the electron stream by electric induction between a cylindrical output electrode and the electron stream that flows through but does not touch the electrode.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/I/I8/DictI8.html (1663 words)

	Digg - Vacuum tubes alive and well
		Tubes color the sound with a unique distortion that is not present in solid state devices...
		As one who dabbles around building guitar tube amps, I can tell you that they are indeed used, in fact production and quality has improved a bit over the last few years too (though there are some political shenanigans in Russia which could effect one of the largest suppliers).
		Tube amps have that depth which is totally lacking in solid state amps.
	digg.com /tech_news/Vacuum_tubes_alive_and_well (1753 words)

	SETA - Single Ended Tube Amplifier
		Inductive driver load, cannot work as an elevator, require a large output capacitor and a very low series impedance (i.e.: very low Driver Plate Resistance), does not perform very well in the lower range of the frequency spectrum.
		As output tube I am using a power pentode in triode connection instead of a direct heating power triode because the cathode follower configuration add itself a local feedback that increase the linearity of the output stage and is preserved the sonic characteristic of driver stage.
		Infact the vacuum tube rectifier is in series with the solid state diode and the switch characterictic is of the lower speed device so the tube.
	www.audiodesignguide.com /my/se.html (1519 words)

	CPI :: History
		This klystron was the first of a series of Varian Associates high-power tubes used for radar and communication systems.
		In 1989, as a result of the energy efficient performance of the Klystrode® inductive output tube (IOT), the Eimac Division of Varian Associates was awarded an Emmy® Award for technological achievement by the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
		The Klystrode IOT used in television transmitters at WCES in Augusta, Ga. was the first of the high-power output devices to be on-air for UHF television.
	www.cpii.com /history.cfm (1025 words)

	Pendulum Audio - Class A Vacuum Tube Signal Processors
		We have combined four elements - the tube Mic/DI preamp from the MDP-1, the tube Opto-compressor from the OCL-2 enhanced with a new opto-inductive De-esser, and a new 3 band tube EQ - into a fully integrated package that it makes it easy to track any source.
		The ES-8 uses a tube with the same compression characteristics as the 6386 tube in the Fairchild limiter, but with extended bandwidth.
		Although the 6386 is not in full production (due to tube availability), we still build them on a custom basis when we have procured a good set of tubes.
	www.pendulumaudio.com (1201 words)

	Pendulum Quartet Four Element Tube Recording Channel
		Independent gain and output controls permit overdrive of the tube stage to vary the harmonic content of the preamp.
		Our new 3 band tube EQ, a modifed Baxandall design, is simple but very effective.
		The HI and LO bands have up to ±10dB of shelving at 15, 10 and 7 kHz, and 50, 100 and 200 Hz respectively.
	www.pendulumaudio.com /Quartet.html (428 words)

	Harris Corporation Announces First Sales of New High-Power Tube Transmitter for HD Radio
		RTAC™ digital precorrection has now been implemented in the new FLEXSTAR™ HDX-FM HD Radio exciter, which is ideally suited to correct the tetrode tube used in the Harris HT Series of FM transmitters.
		Mendenhall, the recipient of the 1999 NAB Engineering Achievement Award, is overseeing the design and led a team that modified a Harris HT Series transmitter to operate in a more linear mode.
		Mendenhall has more than 30 years of research and development experience with vacuum tube technology, beginning at age 14 when he received his amateur radio license and built a linear RF power amplifier using a 4-400A vacuum tube.
	www.harris.com /view_pressrelease.asp?act=lookup&pr_id=1830 (658 words)

	Electron Devices - IOT, Inductive output tube, MSDC, multi stage depressed collector, CEA, magnetron, magnetrons, ...
		L-3 Electron Devices has designed and manufactured microwave vacuum devices for over 75 years.
		Our ISO-9001 certified facilities in San Carlos, CA and Williamsport, PA, produce hundreds of microwave tubes, amplifiers and other vacuum devices every month for use in a variety of Military and Commercial systems.
		Our talented scientists and engineers continue to advance the state of the art with new devices such as the development of the Constant Efficiency Amplifier for the broadcast industry and a complete line of commercial and military Microwave Power Modules.
	www.l-3com.com /edd (174 words)

	Definition of Inductive output tube
		Because the control grid of an IOT is located so close to its high-voltage and -current cathode, arcing was a serious problem in design and development of the technology.
		This problem is now mitigated after-the-fact by equipping each IOT with an arc detector, which triggers a crowbar circuit based on a hydrogen thyratron in the high-voltage supply.
		The list of authors can be found here.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Inductive_output_tube (195 words)

	Pressure Gauges, Pressure Sensors, Pressure Transmitters
		Accuracy class: 0.5% to 1.0% of FS Analog output: option: glycerin filling
		Output: 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 0-10 VDC, 0.5-2.5 VDC
		Standard: ±0.5% FS Optional: ±0.25% FS Output: 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 0-10 VDC
	www.metexcorporation.com /pressure.html (360 words)

	Control Output Devices from Love Controls
		Love Controls LTP Series Solid State Relays allow easy control of most resistive and some inductive loads.
		An alarm operates a relay contact to tell you if the load circuit has opened or if the SSR has shorted.
		The mercury-to-metal contact arrangement reduces noise and overheating, allows rapid cycling rates up to 20 cycles per minute, and maintains quiet operation.
	www.mod-tronic.com /Love_control_output_devices.html (429 words)

	Joe's FVP Page
		Some of you may have heard of, read and/or bought The Tube Preamp Cookbook, reviewed by Ken Kessler in Hi-Fi News and Record Review and also the review in Hi-Fi World, as well as Sound Practices where Allen's current advertisement was placed under the name of Vacuum State Electronics.
		Finally, the one thing that must not be missed is that the capacitive storage element is not a pure device.
		But Cathode Followers do provide the low output impedance that is often needed, especially on the main output of pre-amps.
	www.customanalogue.com /joe's_fvp_page.htm (0 words)

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