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Topic: Indus River Dolphin

	Ganges and Indus River Dolphin Summary
		The dolphin is fully protected in Pakistan; in 1974 the Indus River Dolphin Reserve was established on the Indus River from the Sukkur Barrage to the Guddu Barrage in Sind Province in Pakistan.
		The Ganges River Dolphin is primarily found in River Ganges and its tributaries in India while the Indus River Dolphin is found in the Indus river in Pakistan.
		The Indus subspecies resides primarily in the Indus River in Pakistan.
	www.bookrags.com /Ganges_and_Indus_River_Dolphin (1116 words)

	Ganges and Indus River Dolphin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) and Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor) are two sub-species of freshwater or river dolphins found in the Indian sub-continent.
		Dolphins are usually encountered on their own but have travelled in groups more often historically, when populations were larger.
		The Indus subspecies resides primarily in the Indus River in Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indus_River_Dolphin (832 words)

	riverdolphins
		River dolphins live in ancient and major waterways that gave that species plenty of time and opportunity to evolve within their limited areas almost making it imperative to learn the history of a river system in order to study the species.
		It is the largest of the river dolphins reaching a maximum length of 8ft 4in and 353 pounds in males and 6ft 3in and 213 pounds in females (May 1990).
		The epthalmic rete is responsible for stabilizing the temperature of the retina and optic nerve in deep-diving mammals.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/375/riverdolphins.html (2065 words)

	Animal Info - Indus River Dolphin
		The Indus River dolphin is endemic to the rivers of the lower Indus River basin in Pakistan.
		The main reason for the decline of the Indus River dolphin was the construction of numerous dams and barrages, starting in the 1930's, that have fragmented the population and reduced the amount of available habitat.
		Historically it occurred in the Indus River mainstem and the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum tributaries.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/cetacean/platmino.htm (1328 words)

	Dams, Irrigation Projects Wreck Indus Dolphins' Habitat \| Asia Water Wire
		Known as ‘susu’ in India, it is essentially identical to the Indus dolphin – its long, pointed snout thickens towards the end, and its upper and lower jaw sets of teeth are visible even when the mouth is closed.
		In the Sindh Wildlife Department’s latest survey to see the current trend in the dolphin population, carried out in April 2006, experts were able to spot 820 dolphins in the river and channels between the Guddu and kotri barrages (in Sindh), compared to 620 in 2001 in and around the same area.
		Bhagat attributes the steady increase of the dolphin population between the Sukkur-Guddu portion of the Indus to the latter’s declaration as a protected area -- where hunting is controlled and fishing discouraged.
	www.asiawaterwire.net /node/246 (1619 words)

	dolphin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Dolphins and porpoises are marine mammals belonging to the order of cetaceans which also includes whales.
		Generally the family of Delphinidae are called dolphins and the family of Phocoenidae are called porpoises.Descriptions of the species usually refer to dolphins as being larger than porpoises and having a more pronounced"beak".
		Removing dolphins from potentially dangerous areas, eliminating "rolling hook" fishing, establishing protected reserves in the dolphin's current range, and captive breeding programmes are some of the conservation efforts being attempted to protect the baiji.
	www.geocities.com /justminime/dolphin.html (780 words)

	River Dolphin
		Indus River Dolphins are grey-brown in colour, sometimes with a pinkish belly, and measure between 1.5 and 2.5m in length, weighing a maximum of 90kg.
		The Indus River dolphin was apparently formerly common and distributed throughout the Indus River system in Pakistan, from the Himalayan foothills to the mouth of the Indus, and in the main tributaries - Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej - from the hills to their junction with the Indus.
		As a result, by the 1970's the abundance and distribution of the Indus River dolphin had significantly declined, and most of the remaining population was concentrated between two of the barrages, the Sukkur and Guddu barrages in Sind Province.
	www.wildlifeofpakistan.com /RiverDolphin.html (699 words)

	Indus River Dolphin
		The Indus River dolphin (Platanista minor) is one of the world's rarest mammals and the second most endangered freshwater river dolphin.
		WWF - Pakistan, as part of its Indus Dolphin Conservation Initiatives, is improving agricultural practices near the dolphin habitat to reduce the agrochemical pollution in the Indus River.
		The Indus River dolphin migrates upstream into the smaller tributaries during the monsoon rains and migrates downstream to the main channels in the dry season.
	www.wwfpak.org /sc_indusriverdolphin.php (599 words)

	Indus River Dolphin - Dolphins And Whales Window
		Indus River Dolphins are grey-brown in colour, sometimes with a pinkish belly,and measure between 1.5 and 2.5m in length,weighing a maximum of 90kg.
		There are estimated to be fewer than 1000 of these dolphins remaining in the whole of Pakistan, most of them between the Sukkur and Guddu barrages in the south of the country which is now designated a dolphin reserve.The impassable barrages are among the many reasons for the decline in numbers in recent decades.
		The Ganges dolphin, a relative of the Indus River dolphin, is another distinct species subspecies of river dolphins as in the Amazon River dolphin and the Yangze River dolphin.
	dolphins.jump-gate.com /differnt_dolphins/indus_river_dolphin.shtml (1171 words)

	Indus dolphin thrives, but still on the verge of extinction
		The remaining dolphins live within four other barged, shallower sections of the Indus river, some 1,000 km of which was surveyed by scientists plying the waters in riverboats.
		However, she stressed that the Indus dolphin population is by no means safe as it occurs in a very small area and the population is severely fragmented.
		The number of dolphins in the Punjab is extremely low and a cause for concern, she said.
	www.thenews.com.pk /print1.asp?id=9952 (869 words)

	The Hindu News Update Service
		The blind, dorsal fin-less Indus river dolphin, which occurs only in Pakistan, increased in number from 1,100 in 2001 to the current number of around 1,330, according to results of a March-April 2006 survey released in the capital, Islamabad, on Wednesday.
		Some 1,200 of the long, narrow-snouted dolphins, including 150 calves, live in a 200 kilometer (125 mile) stretch of the river between water barges in the central Pakistani towns of Guddu and Sukkur, almost double the 725 spotted in the same area during the 2001 survey.
		The remaining dolphins live within four other barged, shallower sections of the Indus River, some 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of which was surveyed by scientists plying the waters in river boats.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/holnus/003200606071718.htm (442 words)

	River Dolphins of No Return - National Zoo\| FONZ
		River dolphins also have small eyes, and those that live in the Indus and Ganges Rivers are essentially blind because their eyes lack lenses.
		The Yangtze River dolphin is called the baiji, which means “white dolphin.” An estimated 5,000 once lived in the middle and lower reaches of the river from its mouth at Shanghai to Three Gorges.
		Dolphin populations trapped upstream of barrages typically die out, and today only a few of the remaining populations are big enough to have a chance of surviving, with the largest estimated at 600 and the smallest at only 70.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/2003/5/RiverDolphins.cfm (2817 words)

	Dolphin's World - Pink River Dolphins
		River dolphins are not the same dolphins that you would see in the ocean.
		The five species of river dolphins are the Amazon River dolphin, the Franciscana dolphin, the Indus River dolphin, the Ganges River dolphin, and the Yangtze River dolphin.
		The Yangtze River dolphin, commonly known as the Chinese River dolphin or the Baiji dolphin, is at the brink of extinction.
	www.dolphins-world.com /Pink_River_Dolphins.html (724 words)

	Indus River Dolphin
		The Indus River dolphin occurs in the Indus River Delta & Rann of Kutch Global 200 Ecoregion.
		To find food, it is thought to use echolocation and to probe the river bottom with its snout and its flipper, which it uses by swimming on one side underwater, with one flipper trailing in the riverbed.
		When the Indus was a free-flowing river, the Indus River dolphin would migrate upstream into the smaller tributaries during the monsoon rains and migrate downstream to the main channels in the dry season.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0124109/ingles/info/animal/indus_river_dolphin.html (279 words)

	Encyclopedia: Indus River
		The Hunza River is the principal river of Hunza, in a region known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
		The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal bore.
		The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the four civilizations of the ancient world, the other three being the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and the Chinese civilizations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indus-River (1260 words)

	river dolphins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		River dolphins, despite being more primitive than other dolphins, are still very "smart" and have a brain/body ratio that is very close to that of bottlenose dolphins.
		Ganges River dolphins' stomachs contain 4 compartments: the fore stomach, the main stomach (which is further divided into anterior and posterior portions), the connecting channel, and the pyloric stomach.
		The River Dolphins of India--information on the Ganges and Indus River dolphins
	delphinus.fortworks.com /riverdolphins.htm (3365 words)

	Polluted water endangering Indus dolphin -DAWN - National; January 06, 2007
		RAWALPINDI, Jan 5: As the Indus River Dolphin’s population in Pakistan is under severe threat due to polluted water, poaching, fragmentation of habitat due to barrages and dolphin stranding, the UN environment agency has declared 2007, ‘Year of the Dolphin’ in an attempt to save one of the world’s most endangered mammal.
		River dolphins swim in some of the world’s most densely populated river basins, including the Ganges and Indus river basins, where one tenth of the world’s people live.
		WWF - Pakistan is working with authorities and local people along the Indus River to improve water quality and dolphin habitat through the Indus River Dolphin Conservation Project, local communities are being encouraged not to pollute the river with household detergents and to prevent toxic run-off by using natural fertilisers, such as cow manure.
	www.dawn.com /2007/01/06/nat9.htm (632 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Platanista gangetica ssp. minor
		This subspecies is endemic to the rivers of the lower Indus basin in Pakistan.
		The most recent and comprehensive assessment of the Indus Dolphin population was a survey of their entire range conducted in March and April 2001 that resulted in a minimum abundance estimate of 965 dolphins (based on the sum of best estimates of group size of all sightings).
		Indus River dolphins generally occur in the deepest river channel and are less common in secondary channels and small braids (Bhatti and Pilleri 1982, Braulik 2003).
	www.iucnredlist.org /search/details.php/41757/all (2797 words)

	Year of the Dolphin — Home
		The Indus River dolphin formerly ranged throughout the Indus River and its tributaries; the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers, of Pakistan and India.
		A few scattered individuals may still occur upstream of the Chasma barrage in the Indus and downstream of the Trimmu, Sidhnai, and Pandjnad barrages in the Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers, respectively.
		Indus River dolphins are a uniform grey-brown colour.
	www.yod2007.org /en/World_of_dolphins/Species_guide/Indus_River_dolphin.html (495 words)

	Dolphins -- Kids' Planet -- Defenders of Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Chinese River dolphin and Indus River dolphin are classified as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
		Dolphins often hunt together, surrounding a school of fish, trapping the fish, and taking turns swimming through the school and catching fish.
		Dolphins are well known for their agility and playful behavior, making them a favorite of wildlife watchers.
	www.kidsplanet.org /factsheets/dolphins.html (332 words)

	Green Pioneers - Chapter 15
		The rescue turned out to be a success, the dolphin was safely transported 20km to the nearby mainstream of the Indus River on a pick-up truck, where it was released unharmed into the waters that are home to one of the last remaining schools of the Indus Dolphin in Pakistan.
		When the waters of the Indus rise during the monsoon season, the Indus Dolphin routinely swims into the many connecting canals of the Indus when the barrage gates are opened to lower the water pressure on the barrages.
		The canals divert water from the Indus River and irrigate the vast tracts of agricultural land that are located in the region.
	www.un.org.pk /undp/sgp/green-pioneers/chap-15.htm (2969 words)

	Dolphin World - Wild Dolphins
		Gill Braulik, an experienced cetacean specialist who is the coordinator of Indus Dolphin Survey, said that the results of survey are encouraging as it is clear that wild dolphins number have increased between Guddu and Sukkur.
		However, she stressed that the Indus wild dolphin population is by no means safe as it occurs in a very small area and the population is severely fragmented.
		The number of wild dolphins in Punjab is extremely low and a cause for concern, she said.
	www.dolphinworld.org /stories/Wild-Dolphins.html (475 words)

	Pollution threat to Indus Dolphin -DAWN - National; June 08, 2006
		A comprehensive survey of one of the world’s most endangered dolphins, the Indus River Dolphin, was completed in April, by a team of specialists supported by the Pakistan Wetlands programme.
		These air-breathing dolphins were formerly common and distributed throughout the Indus River system in Pakistan, from the Himalayan foothills to the mouth of the Indus, and in the main tributaries — Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej — from the hills to their junction with the Indus.
		As a result, by the 1970’s the abundance and distribution of the Indus River dolphin had significantly declined, and most of the remaining population was concentrated between two of the barrages, the Sukkur and Guddu in Sindh.
	www.dawn.com /2006/06/08/nat8.htm (605 words)

	The River Dolphins of India
		Sadiya covering the entire dolphin habitat of the river under the auspicious of the Conservation of Nature Trust, Calicut, the Assam Valley Wildlife Society and the Dept. Zoology, Gauhathi University it was observed that the population of the river dolphins may be about 600 in Ganges and 400 in Brahmaputra (Assam).
		The oil of dolphins is used as medicine for rheumatism and for the preparation of bait for the catfishes, Clupisoma garua (Garuah fish or Neria).
		Further River Dolphin Protection Committees are formed in the districts along the banks of the Brahmaputra with Deputy Commissioners as Patrons and officials and interested individuals as members.
	www.grieb.org /dolphins (805 words)

	[Eco-list] Indus dolphin survey concludes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Indus dolphin survey concludes The News, 14/5/2001 http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/may2001-daily/14-05-2001/metro/l1.htm LAHORE: Braving gruelling and hostile heat, a team of biologists have completed a seven-week expedition survey and spotted at least 965 Indus Dolphins in lower reaches of the Indus River in Pakistan.
		Led by WWF's cetacean (whale and dolphin) specialist, Gill Braulik, the team travelled slowly by boat down the length of the Indus River from the town of Kalabagh in Punjab to the city of Hyderabad in Sindh.
		Pakistan's Indus River Dolphin is one of only five species that have, over a period of millions of years, adapted to living in fresh water.
	lists.isb.sdnpk.org /pipermail/eco-list/2001-May/001438.html (436 words)

	Polluted water endangering Indus dolphin
		Considering the dwindling number of dolphins in the Indus River in Pakistan, the UN environment agency the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has declared 2007 as the 'Year of the Dolphin' in an attempt to save one of the world's most endangered mammal.
		The Indus River Dolphin's population is said to be under severe threat due to polluted water, poaching, fragmentation of habitat due to barrages and dolphin stranding.
		Accidental catches by fishermen in the irrigation canals are also contributing to the decline of dolphin population, the Dawn quoted the WWF as saying.
	news.webindia123.com /news/Articles/India/20070106/556412.html (379 words)

	River dolphin Summary
		Although the exact population of Amazon river dolphins has not been estimated, they are believed to have to the largest population of all species of river dolphin.
		In 1996, the IUCN considered Amazon river dolphins to be vulnerable to population decreases because of increased dam building along the Amazon River.
		River dolphins are some of the most endangered of all the world's cetaceans.
	www.bookrags.com /River_dolphin (1526 words)

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