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Topic: Industrial agriculture

	Sustainable Agriculture
		In his paper, "Sustainable Agriculture: a necessary alternative to industrial agriculture", Ikerd questions whether the guiding trends of agriculture in the past hundred years can continue to be the guiding force of agriculture.
		An area of concern equal to the impact of industrial agriculture on the environment is its effect on rural farmers and communities.
		Industrial agriculture has been beneficial in the past by increasing yield and enabling the establishment of a solid economy, but growing problems with industrial agriculture show the system needs to be evaluated, and new alternatives must be explored.
	www.goshen.edu /bio/Biol410/bsspapers02/deb.htm (2889 words)

	"Sustainable Agriculture: A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture" by John E. Ikerd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the early 1900s, before we began to industrialize agriculture, the potential gains from continuing the industrial revolution in the larger society were undeniable.
		At the same time that the benefits to society of an industrial agriculture have declined, the perceived threats of agriculture -- threats to the environment, threats to the natural resource base, and threats to the quality of life of farmers, of rural residents and society as a whole -- have risen.
		Industrialization has transformed an agriculture created for the purpose of converting solar energy to human-useful form, into an agriculture that uses more non renewable fossil energy than it captures in solar energy from the sun.
	www.ssu.missouri.edu /faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm (5289 words)

	Industrial agriculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The practice of industrial agriculture is a relatively recent development in the history of agriculture, and the result of scientific discoveries and technological advances.
		Environmentally, factory farming of crops is claimed to be responsible for loss of biodiversity, degradation of soil quality, soil erosion, food toxicity (pesticide residues) and pollution (through agrichemical build-ups, and use of fossil fuels for agrichemical manufacture and for farm machinery and long-distance distribution).
		The definition of industrial agriculture is somewhat variable, and therefore the proposed alternatives to industrial agriculture are not sharply defined.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Industrial_agriculture (2064 words)

	Organic Food Home Delivery Nationwide Overnight by Diamond Organics
		Industrial agriculture is devastating our land, water, and air, and is now threatening the sustainability of the biosphere.
		Most farmers, activists, and policy makers who question the industrial food paradigm know the litany of lies by heart: industrial agriculture is necessary to feed the world, to provide us with safe, nutritious, cheap food, to produce food more efficiently, to offer us more choices, and, of all things, to save the environment.
		Industrial agriculture actually increases hunger by raising the cost of farming, by forcing tens of millions of farmers off the land, and by growing primarily high-profit export and luxury crops.
	www.diamondorganics.com /fatal_harvest (1020 words)

	The Myth: Industrial agriculture benefits the environment and wildlife.
		Industrial agriculture’s mythmakers have been so successful in their efforts to shape opinion that they must believe we’ll swallow just about anything.
		Additionally, in contrast to industrial agriculture, sustainable or alternative agriculture minimizes the environmental impacts of farming on plants and animals, as well as the air, water, and soil, often without added economic costs.
		Moreover, instead of being a boon to the environment as the myth proclaims, industrial agriculture is currently the largest single threat to the earth's biodiversity.
	www.keepmainefree.org /myth5.html (1373 words)

	Industrial Agriculture & Corporate Power
		Thus industrial crops tend to be vulnerable to pests and require synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that further erode the natural fertility of the soil, kill beneficial insects and accelerate the development of pest resistance.
		A key aspect of the industrial food system is that it is an outgrowth of a long and on-going process of economic concentration that allows the biggest agribusinesses by and large to define and control the modern food system.
		As the problems of the industrial approach become clearer, farmers and researchers in many countries are building on the rich heritage of traditional and indigenous farming systems and demonstrating the extraordinary potential of ecologically-based agriculture.
	www.organicconsumers.org /corp/industrial_agriculture.cfm (2878 words)

	Conscious Choice: Industrial Agriculture
		Industrial methods have permeated manufacturing, sales, and agriculture itself; industrial practices have been sold to us as a way to produce more food of better quality.
		Industrial agriculture is continually looking for ways to increase production of chickens, whether they are produced for their eggs or for their meat.
		People who are against the cruelty of industrial farming but still wish to consume eggs and chicken products scour supermarkets for "free-range" products that allow them to make omelets and other foods without contributing to the cruelty of chickens in intensive agriculture.
	www.consciouschoice.com /1999/cc1205/industrialagriculture.html (2201 words)

	PIER Industrial * Agricultural * Water End-Use Energy Efficiency
		The industrial, agriculture and water sectors in California use 30 percent of all the electricity consumed annually in the state.
		The issues or challenges common to industrial, agriculture and water sectors are as follows; however, the importance of each issue might vary with the characteristics specific to each sector.
		Since such problems can cause industries to sustain substantial economic losses, it is imperative that the industry, water and agricultural sectors have access to technologies/engineering remedies that allow overcoming short and long term interruptions in power supply.
	www.energy.ca.gov /pier/iaw/index.html (1472 words)

	Agriculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals.
		The history of agriculture is closely linked to human history, and agricultural developments have been crucial factors in social change, including the specialization of human activity.
		Agriculture is cited as a significant adverse impact to biodiversity in many nations' Biodiversity Action Plans, due to reduction of forests and other habitats when new lands are converted to farming.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agriculture (2514 words)

	Industrial Land for Sale in Malaysia
		This area is industrial in nature and is not far from Balakong, Cheras, another industrial area.
		The area is generally industrial in nature, on the left side of the subject property is an existing factory and so is the opposite lot.
		There are only two petrol stations in the industrial park and this is more strategic because of its proximity to the rest and recreation area.
	www.malaysialand.com /industrial.htm (1519 words)

	Nitrous Oxides Emissions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second-largest source of nitrous oxide emissions is agriculture, primarily fertilizer application and a small amount released from the burning of crop residues.
		Emissions of nitrous oxide from agricultural sources in 1996 are estimated at 146,000 metric tons, a decrease of 18,000 metric tons (11.0 percent) from 1990 and a decrease of 13,000 metric tons (7.9 percent) from 1995.
		Another important source of nitrous oxide emissions is industrial production of adipic acid and nitric acid, which together accounted for emissions of 111,000 metric tons of nitrous oxide in 1996, an increase of 14,000 metric tons (14.1 percent) from 1990 levels and an increase of 3,000 thousand metric tons (2.6 percent) from 1995 levels.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/gg97rpt/chap4.html (1500 words)

	Industrial Arts/Agriculture Department
		Students will learn how the agricultural industry is organized, its major components, the economic influence of agriculture, and the scope and types of job opportunities in the agricultural field.
		Another goal of this course is to increase student knowledge and skills in appropriate agricultural product and service areas including mastering plant and animal science and mastering agricultural mechanics skills as indicated by regional and/or state labor.
		Another goal of this course is to increase student knowledge and skills in appropriate agricultural product and service areas including reinforcing plant and animal science skills and reinforcing agricultural mechanics skills as indicated by regional and/or state labor market data.
	www.jersey100.k12.il.us /jchs/Departments/industrialartsagriculture.htm (2076 words)

	AlterNet: The Seven Deadly Myths of Industrial Agriculture: Myth Four
		Editor's Note: "The Seven Deadly Myths of Industrial Agriculture" is excerpted from Fatal Harvest, a new book that chronicles the disasters of industrial farming.
		Continuing to measure farm efficiency through single-crop "yield" in agricultural economics represents an unacceptable bias against diversification and reflects the bizarre conviction that producing one food crop on a large scale is more important than producing many crops (and higher productivity) on a small scale.
		This is now widely recognized by agricultural economists across the political spectrum, as the 'inverse relationship between farm size and output.'" He notes that even the World Bank now advocates redistributing land to small farmers in the third world as a step toward increasing overall agricultural productivity.
	www.alternet.org /story.html?StoryID=13905 (1526 words)

	Environmental Cost - Unsustainability of Industrial Agriculture (Environmental Article pt1)
		Instead of small, family-oriented farms raising a variety of crops and animals, industrial agriculture is based on large-scale, machine- and chemical-intensive farms specializing in a single animal product or hybrid high-yield crop.
		Industrial farming fundamentally erodes the ecological basis of cultivation and creates crops that are especially vulnerable to weeds, insects and disease.
		Thus, industrial crops tend to be vulnerable to pests and require synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, the overuse of which accelerates the development of pests' resistance to the pesticides, kills beneficial "predator" insects, and further erodes the natural fertility of the soil by killing beneficial soil organisms.
	www.grinningplanet.com /2004/04-06/industrial-agriculture-1-article.htm (878 words)

	Industrial Hemp Petition \| Wood Consumption
		Industrial hemps concentration of THC, the psychoactive ingredient in Cannabis plants, is typically as little as 0.05 percent and less than one percent, whereas marijuana THC levels are generally four to ten percent.
		Domestic cultivation of industrial hemp is presently banned because the DEA considers fertile hemp seeds to be fertile seeds of the plant Cannabis sativa L., and such seeds are included in the definition of "Marihuana" in the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.
		Industrial hemp, as defined in the proposed rules as Cannabis sativa with less than one percent THC, has no genuine potential for abuse, because it cannot reasonably be considered to produce a psychoactive effect.
	www.woodconsumption.org /alts/petition.html (12102 words)

	Sustainable Agriculture: An Introduction: ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service
		Sustainable agriculture is also the agriculture of social values, one whose success is indistinguishable from vibrant rural communities, rich lives for families on the farms, and wholesome food for everyone.
		Although sustainability in agriculture is tied to broader issues of the global economy, declining petroleum reserves, and domestic food security, its midwives were not government policy makers but small farmers, environmentalists, and a persistent cadre of agricultural scientists.
		In contrast to mono-cropped industrial megafarms that ship throughout the world, the vision of sustainable agriculture’s futurists is small to mid-size diversiﬁed farms supplying the majority of their region’s food.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/sustagintro.html (1423 words)

	21/8/2005 -- Brazil's Rise as Farming Giant Has a Price Tag
		Augustin's giant agricultural complex houses a cotton gin, dormitories for 300 migrant laborers and a $3-million fleet of cotton harvesters.
		That agricultural trade surplus of $24.4 billion was the biggest in the world and is crucial to Brazil's efforts to pay foreign debts and keep its economy humming.
		The agricultural boom also is responsible for much of the deforestation occurring in the environmentally sensitive Amazon region.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=45413 (1631 words)

	International Forum on Globalization
		IFG's Food and Agriculture Program was created to address global concerns and to articulate the full range of consequences of the rapid global conversion to industrial agriculture, to develop international cooperative strategies to counter this dangerous trend, and to clearly articulate successful alternative models.
		The second Food and Agriculture meeting was held February 4-7, 1999, in Cuernavaca, Mexico, and was attended by over 70 activists, organizers, researchers, academics and NGO leaders from 17 countries.
		Participants discussed the current global crisis in agriculture; how trade agreements affect agriculture and the environment; food safety issues; and ways to challenge industrial agriculture.
	www.ifg.org /programs/IFA/ifa.htm (798 words)

	Corporate Lies - Busting the Myths of Industrial Agriculture
		The Fatal Harvest Review exposes the environmental and social destruction caused by industrial agriculture and provides a new vision for an organic and environmentally safer way of producing the food we eat.
		Moreover, as the industry becomes more consolidated - with biotech companies owning the seed and chemical business and a handful of companies controlling a majority of seeds and food brands - the strategies for promulgating these myths become ever more concerted and the messages ever more honed.
		This myth busting is an essential step in exposing the impacts of current agriculture practices and educating the public about the realities of the food they are consuming.
	www.keepmainefree.org /corporatelies.html (822 words)

	Industrial Agriculture: General Information on Potential Hazards to Health, Environment, Economy, and Quality-of-Life
		The new documents show the true extent of the meat industry's influence, revealing that the Bush administration met on a monthly basis behind closed doors with industry lobbyists for over a year....
		They move step-by-step to debunk every one of the most familiar "justifications" made by politicians and industrial farmers for why these perversions are a necessary blight.
		One success is the broader public understanding of the real costs of industrial agriculture, and the positive response that brings from the industry and lawmakers.
	www.mythinglinks.org /FactoryFarms.html (3004 words)

	Bibliograph of Industrial Ecology
		Five main sections discuss: (1) the industrialization of society, (2) the main natural systems cycles, (3) toxic chemicals in the environment, (4) industrial ecology in firms, and (5) policy-making in the context of industrial ecology.
		Journal of Industrial Ecology is edited at Yale University by Reid Lifset at the Program on Solid Waste Policy, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-2106.
		The Designing Industrial Ecosystems Tool (DIET) is a computer software program, including a linear programming optimization model, designed to aid decision makers and planners in identifying combinations of industrial facilities that exhibit economic and environmental potential for an eco-industrial park at a given site.
	www.indigodev.com /Biblio.html (1913 words)

	Californians For Pesticide Reform : ALERT! Stop Industrial Agriculture from Poisoning our Water!
		Agricultural operations in the Central Valley have been exempt from pollution prevention regulations since 1982.
		The State Regulators have found pesticides in 96% of Central Valley locations and 74% of groundwater statewide is at risk for toxic contamination from Central Valley farms.
		Because agricultural sources of contaminants have remained unregulated Central Valley residents have to pay some of the state’s highest water rates and have the highest rates of drinking water contamination.
	www.pesticidereform.org /article.php?id=256 (329 words)

	Industrial Hemp Agriculture and Forestry Business
		- At the forefront of the drive for fair and equal treatment of Industrial Hemp and the installation of a level playing field on which to compete with other natural resources and synthetics.
		- Their mission is to facilitate the growing and harvesting of Industrial Hemp in the Parkland Region of Manitoba, Canada.
		- The SHA is a membership driven, provincially-registered nonprofit association dedicated to the development of the industrial hemp sector in Saskatchewan and Western Canada.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Business/Agriculture_and_Forestry/Industrial_Hemp (843 words)

	Industrial Hemp - Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Industrial Hemp was commercially produced in the 1800’s in many parts of the world.
		It was used to manufacture rope, cloth, sails and paper etc. The introduction of cotton and petroleum products and new processing techniques for these products lead to the demise of the hemp industry in the early 1900’s.
		Innovative Producers, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives and the hemp industry have developed hemp production systems.
	www.gov.mb.ca /agriculture/crops/hemp/bko01s00.html (126 words)

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