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	Industrial ecology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Industrial ecology is the shifting of industrial process from open loop systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes.
		Industrial ecology was proposed in 1989 in Scientific American by Robert Frosch.
		Industrial ecology proposes not to see industrial systems (for example a plant, an ecoregion, or national or global economy) as being separate from the biosphere, but to consider it as a particular case of an ecosystem - but based on infrastructural capital rather than on natural capital.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Industrial_ecology (506 words)

	Encyclopedia: Industrial ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The idea of reconceiving industrial systems to mimic natural ecosystems and thereby to reduce industrial society’s penchant for using up raw materials and generating waste is beginning to catch on in the human dimensions community through the use of the term industrial ecology.
		Industrial ecology has been used in the growing literature on sustainable industrial development or the “greening” of industry.* Recycling, sewage treatment, air emission reduction technology, and solar power are all aspects of a fledgling industrial ecology.
		In practice, realizing industrial ecology would mean that humans apply the laws of thermodynamics and systems theory to the problem of natural resource scarcity, leading to a reduced need for materials and energy, the cycling of these inputs with the (internal) industrial process, and the limited deposition (output) of products and by-products.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Industrial-ecology (1336 words)

	Industrial Ecology and Decision-making
		Industrial ecology, to be successfully understood and implemented, must be seen both as a systems oriented concept and an ongoing process.
		Industrial ecology is, therefore, more likely to be considered as a new paradigm for how to deal with the production and product oriented environmental challenges of our industrial society [1].
		Industry is improving along these lines of thinking, and gradually we realise that companies are indeed in many cases motivated to apply systems thinking principles as part of their environmental efforts.
	home.thirdage.com /Environment/fsn/sole3.html (4446 words)

	Industrial Ecology: A Coming of Age Story - Jesse H. Ausubel
		Ecology is the branch of biology which deals with the mutual relations between organisms and their environment.
		Industrial ecology asks whether Nature can teach industry ways to go much further both in minimizing harmful waste and in maximizing the economical use of waste and also of products at the ends of their lives as inputs to other processes and industries.
		Industrial ecology can search for leverage wherever it may lie in the chain from extraction and primary production through "final" consumption, that is, "from cradle to rebirth." Mindful of the endless re-incarnations of materials, the authors of the report refer to themselves as the "Vishnus," for the Hindu god, the preserver.
	phe.rockefeller.edu /RFF_IE (1137 words)

	Industrial Ecology
		Industrial ecology requires substantial recycling, including the use of one plant's waste stream as feed for another plant, and therefore requires coordination, planning, and perhaps proximity all of which could make it more difficult for it to achieve widespread use.
		A key component of industrial ecology is analyzing the environmental effects of all materials in manufacture, use, and disposal.
		There are a number of barriers to its adaptation by industry, including such economic issues as the high cost of changing the existing infrastructure, concerns about the compatibility of such activities with the existing regulatory framework, fears of future legal liability, and inadequacy of information on and understanding of the industrial-ecology concept.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/est/97/jan/indu.html (724 words)

	By-product synergy and industrial ecology \| Business tools \| Strategies & tools \| BSDglobal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By-product synergy is the principle which underpins the concept of 'industrial ecology' - a holistic view of industry in which organizations exchange energy and material between one another, rather than operating as isolated units.
		Industrial ecology promotes a shift away from traditional open, linear systems towards closed loops and inter-dependent relationships of the kind found in nature.
		A report on the two-year experiment, published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology, concludes that the main obstacle to industrial ecology is the absence of a 'champion' to bring the various industries together.
	www.bsdglobal.com /tools/bt_synergy.asp (599 words)

	Industrial Ecology: From Theory to Practice
		Industrial ecology relationships will be promoted by the Centre, in part, by the creation of a waste exchange.
		Industrial ecology and the development of technologies which eliminate waste and maximize efficiency will be critical to achieving the required reductions in material and energy throughput in order to maintain a basic quality of life into the twenty-first century.
		Governments, industry, academics-and other organizations which focus on establishing the right institutional, fiscal and policy environment for the practical implementation of pollution prevention technologies, sustainable technologies and industrial ecology-can help to ensure prosperity for their citizens and secure an important role for their countries in global efforts to achieve sustainable development.
	newcity.ca /Pages/industrial_ecology.html (2385 words)

	Suren Erkman: Industrial Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Industrial ecology does not address just issues of pollution and environment, but considers as equally important, technologies, process economics, inter-relationships of businesses, financing, overall Government policy and the entire spectrum of issues that are involved in the management of commercial enterprises.
		The industrial ecology concept was indisputably in its very early stages of development in the mid-1970’s, in the context of the flurry of intellectual activity that marked the early years of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
		Industrial ecology focuses on the long-term evolution of the entire industrial system, and strives to reach its objective by using a dual approach: a rigorous one in terms of theory (scientific ecology) and an operational one (prescribing economically viable concrete steps).
	www.chairetmetal.com /cm06/erkman-complet.htm (5341 words)

	Amazon.com: Industrial Ecology: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The essence of industrial ecology is that it is the combination of technology with society, and that combination has many facets and many implications.
		As industrial ecology has developed, ideas that were embryonic a decade ago have matured, and new ways of approaching technology-environment interactions have emerged.
		Industrial ecology is new enough and its practitioners few enough, however, that parts of these topics represent our efforts to define and describe areas not yet widely addressed, but appearing to hold considerable promise.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0131252380?v=glance (1827 words)

	Green Economics
		Kalundborg is a case study in industrial ecology, said Considine, a professor of mineral economics and director of the Center for Economic and Environmental Risk Assessment at Penn State.
		Inspired by the environmental movement, industrial ecologists think of pollution in a holistic sense, as part of a closed loop of inputs and outputs that must be kept in balance.
		Rather than continuing the "cowboy economy," where industries metaphorically leave their campfire ashes behind and move on to a new frontier, industrial ecologists are working toward a "spaceman economy," where everything is recycled and carried along on the spaceship.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0205/economics.html (1564 words)

	Industrial Ecology
		Industrial Ecology is the discipline learning from and applying these natural systems concepts to industrial and other human activities.
		Eco-industrial parks are settings where industries are grouped such that they can exchange raw materials, waste materials, and energy among each other, thereby reducing the net inputs and outputs of the park.
		Industrial Ecology has been called the "science of sustainability", in that it provides life cycle environmental impact and cost information to decision makers.
	www.ofee.gov /gs/gs.htm (490 words)

	SYNERGY - Industrial Ecology
		Believing that better results might be achieved if industrial processes were re-designed to maximize efficiency in chemical use, individuals at MCTA began turning their attention to an emerging theory of pollution prevention called industrial ecology.
		Industrial ecology compares chemical flows in industrial systems to material and energy flows in natural ecosystems.
		Intrigued by the potential that these "process design solutions" could hold for the chemical industry, Michael DeVito, the Executive Director of the MCTA and a former Massachu setts state representative, approached the University with a vision for a research partnership involving the government, academia, and industry.
	www.umass.edu /synergy/fall98/industry.html (549 words)

	Introduction to Industrial Ecology
		Industrial ecology is an interdisciplinary framework for designing and operating industrial systems as living systems interdependent with natural systems.
		Industrial ecology principles and methods can be used by service as well as manufacturing companies.
		Industrial ecology may be able to help us perceive the whole system required to feed the planet, preserve and restore its farm lands, preserve ecosystems and biodiversity, and still provide water and land for a growing population.
	www.indigodev.com /IE.html (819 words)

	Industrial Ecology: Some Directions for Research - Pre Publication Draft
		Industrial ecologists listen to demographers, experts in economic development, and others for definition of the dimensions of the challenge to be addressed.
		For industrial sectors, research is needed to devise metrics that measure the average efficiency of materials use, identify the gap between leaders and followers in environmental performance, and examine the relative value of mandated as opposed to voluntary adoption of best environmental practices.
		Industrial ecology began with a shared intuition that a vastly superior economy for the environment is both technically feasible and necessary if the economy is to grow.
	phe.rockefeller.edu /ie_agenda (15227 words)

	A Briefing on Industrial Ecology
		Industrial ecology (IE) is an emerging discipline, based upon the concept of "industrial metabolism" that offers companies a means of increasing competitiveness while enhancing environmental performance.
		Industrial ecology is a systems framework for managing energy and materials flows for high efficiency and low pollution.
		This is an introduction to industrial ecology for public and private executives.
	www.ibsail.com /iebriefs.htm (754 words)

	AT&T: The External EH&S Site: Industrial Ecology - Fellowship Guidelines
		"Industrial Ecology" is a systems view of economic activity and its interrelationship with the environment such that both economic and environmental efficiency can be enhanced.
		The ATandT Industrial Ecology Faculty Fellowship Program is intended to stimulate interdisciplinary research and curriculum development that involve social issues, engineering, the sciences, economics, management, business, law, and public policy issues.
		The fellowship program is a central element in the Foundation's educational and environmental activity and focuses on the work of faculty as the key to assuring that industrial ecology and environmentally preferable services are integral to the education that universities offer to students who will be working in industry and government for the future.
	www.att.com /ehs/ind_ecology/fellow_guidelines.html (895 words)

	International Society for Industrial Ecology \| History
		Strategies for Manufacturing” and suggested the need for "an industrial ecosystem" in which "the use of energies and materials is optimized, wastes and pollution are minimized, and there is an economically viable role for every product of a manufacturing process."
		Industrial ecology provides a powerful prism through which to examine the impact of industry and technology and associated changes in society and the economy on the biophysical environment.
		Industrial ecology asks us to “understand how the industrial system works, how it is regulated, and its interaction with the biosphere; then, on the basis of what we know about ecosystems, to determine how it could be restructured to make it compatible with the way natural ecosystems function.”
	www.is4ie.org /history.html (298 words)

	GreenBiz News \| Industrial Ecology Journal Translated into Chinese
		NEW HAVEN, Conn., Sep. 30, 2004 - The Journal of Industrial Ecology has translated summaries of its articles into Chinese, a recognition of China’s growing role in the global environment and its need for high-quality scientific research and communication.
		Industrial ecology focuses on the potential role of industry in reducing environmental burdens throughout the product life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, to the production of goods, to the use of those goods, and to the management of the resulting wastes.
		Funds for this endeavor were provided by the Henry Luce Foundation as part of a larger project, Collaborative Industrial Ecology in Asia, which aims to increase educational and scientific exchange in industrial ecology between Asia, especially China, and Yale University.
	www.greenbiz.com /news/news_third.cfm?NewsID=27235 (410 words)

	AT&T: The External EH&S Site: The Industrial Ecology - The Concept
		Every industrial activity is linked to thousands of other transactions and activities and to their environmental impacts.
		"Industrial Ecology is the means by which humanity can deliberately and rationally approach and maintain a desirable carrying capacity, given continued economic, cultural and technological evolution.
		Industrial Ecology is essentially the science of sustainability.
	www.att.com /ehs/ind_ecology (393 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Environment: Sustainability: Industrial Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The International Society for Industrial Ecology - The mission of the ISIE is to promote the use of industrial ecology in research,education, policy, community development, and industrial practices.
		Journal of Industrial Ecology - MIT Press website for international quarterly journal addressing material and energy flows; dematerialization and decarbonization; life-cycle planning, design and assessment; extended producer responsibility ("product stewardship"); eco-industrial parks; product-oriented environmental policy; and eco-efficiency.
		New Environmentalism Speech: Industrial Ecology Innovations - Highlights U.S. corporate initiatives that are considered to illustrate IE in action.
	dmoz.org /Science/Environment/Sustainability/Industrial_Ecology (533 words)

	Special Issue Of Yale Journal Analyzes Environmental Impact Of Consumption
		The connection between consumption and environmental impact is analyzed in new and important ways in a special issue of Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology.
		Industrial ecology is a rapidly growing field that examines local, regional, and global uses and flows of materials and energy in products, processes, industrial sectors, and economies.
		The Journal of Industrial Ecology is an international, peer-reviewed quarterly on industry and the environment, owned by Yale University, published by The MIT Press and headquartered at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/07/050725183426.htm (720 words)

	Resources Recycling at Murdoch University M234 (4 points) and M2341 (2 points)
		Industrial ecology is a broad evolving science that defines, characterizes and measures the sustainability of industrial systems.
		allowing industry to adopt the cyclical laws of a natural ecosystem in order to incorporate environmental concerns in the design and manufacture of products and the processing of materials.
		Industrial ecology and global change edited by Robert H. Socolow...
	wwwscience.murdoch.edu.au /teaching/m234/recycle33.htm (300 words)

	Welcome to Indigo Development
		Briefly, industrial ecology is an interdisciplinary framework for designing and operating industrial systems as living systems that are interdependent with natural systems.
		Industrial ecology's primary goal is to Abalance environmental and economic interests within emerging understanding of local and global ecological constraints.
		We believe industrial ecology is an ideal foundation for designing an effective transition to sustainable agriculture.
	www.indigodev.com (368 words)

	Industrial Ecology
		Describes the background of industrial ecology, defines its main attributes, and puts it in the perspectives of an academic discipline and a field of ecology.
		Robert A. Frosch: "Industrial Ecology: A Philosophical Introduction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89 (February 1992): 800-803.
		A collection of syllabi from six university courses involving industrial ecology taught by the following professors: Clinton Andrews (Princeton); Garry Brewer, Stuart Hart, and Gregory Keoleian (Michigan); William Clark, Robert Frosch, and R. Socolow (Harvard); and Faye Duchin (NYU).
	www.umich.edu /~nppcpub/resources/compendia/ind.ecol.html (415 words)

	Industrial Ecology: Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By studying the flow of materials and energy through industrial systems, industrial ecology identifies economic ways to lessen negative environmental impacts, chiefly by reducing pollution at the source, minimizing energy consumption, designing for the environment, and promoting sustainability.
		The objective of this course is to examine the extent to which environmental concerns have affected specific industries, to evaluate the benefits of prevention over compliance, and to discern where additional progress can be made.
		Therefore, every student is required to attend all classes and to be actively involved in and a contributor to class activities, by being prepared to raise questions and engage in profitable discussion over the pre-assigned readings.
	engineering.dartmouth.edu /~cushman/courses/engs171/description.htm (217 words)

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