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Topic: Inertial frame

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	Inertial frame of reference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inertial frames of reference are relevant to Newtonian relativity and Einstein's special theory of relativity.
		However, the assumption of constant progression of proper time in all frames of reference is replaced by the assumption that the speed of light is constant, and that this is equally true for every inertial observer.
		This phenomenon of geodesic deviation means that inertial frames of reference do not exist globally as they do in Newtonian mechanics and special relativity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference (602 words)

	Space and Time: Inertial Frames
		A “frame of reference” is a standard relative to which motion and rest may be measured; any set of points or objects that are at rest relative to one another enables us, in principle, to describe the relative motions of bodies.
		And having determined an inertial frame, we are in a position to say that the accelerations relative to the center of mass frame are the true accelerations.
		Newton's Corollary VI said that the inertial frame we construct by this procedure is effectively indistinguishable from one in which all the bodies are undergoing equal and parallel accelerations caused by some force that acts equally on all of them; the equivalence principle asserts that gravity is such a force.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/spacetime-iframes (8696 words)

	Encyclopedia: Inertial frame of reference
		This required the use of a set of protocols created by Einstein (Einstein clock-synchronization) that allows observers to define apparent distances and times according to the assumption of fixed light speed in their own frame, and then build an extended coordinate system for labeling the times and distances of distant events.
		In theoretical physics, a preferred or priveleged frame is usually a special hypothetical frame of reference in which the laws of physics might appear to be identifiably different to those in other frames.
		In differential geometry, the geodesic deviation equation is an equation involving the Riemann curvature tensor, which measures the change in separation of neighbouring geodesics.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Inertial-frame-of-reference (1153 words)

	Inertial Frame of Reference
		An inertial frame of reference is a frame of reference with constant velocity.
		An inertial frame of reference is a frame of reference in which the law of inertia holds.
		An inertial frame of reference is a frame of reference in which Newton's laws of motion hold.
	id.mind.net /~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/framesOfReference/inertialFrame.html (692 words)

	Unit 56
		Frame S is the frame of the track bed and frame S' is the frame of the train.
		By invariant we mean that all inertial observers agree as to which events are in the upper half cone, the lower half cone and outside the cone.
		Depending upon the inertial frame, either may be said to occur after the other or they may be made to occur at the same time (simultaneously).
	astro.physics.sc.edu /selfpacedunits/Unit56.html (5494 words)

	Reference Frames
		A reference frame is a particular perspective employed by the analyst to describe and/or observe a motion effectively.
		When a reference frame is either fixed or moving with a constant velocity, it is an inertial frame.
		A fixed reference frame fixed to the environment, not to the moving subject, and used commonly in describing the motions of different body parts is the global frame while all the reference frames fixed to the moving body parts are called the local frames.
	kwon3d.com /theory/transform/refrm.html (253 words)

	Theory of Special Relativity
		There is only one inertial frame in which we don't have to worry about measuring the endpoints of the object at the same time.
		Since the flashes will occur simultaneously in the unprimed frame, the length of the train is just the distance between the observers A and B in that frame.
		At t=0 (in both frames), it is a distance L from the wall as measured in the unprimed frame.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~pberman/sprel.html (934 words)

	Physics and Astronomy Forums - Inertial Frames of Reference and SR
		So clearly, there are frames of reference that are more "special" than other frames of reference, and to a first order approximation, the frame of reference centered on the Earth's surface isn't a very special frame of reference since it isn't even an inertial one.
		The "preferred" "inertial" frame is the one that is defined by where the local gravity field is centered: namely, the frame of reference coincident w/ the Earth (not the plane).
		I guess my initial thoughts were that from the perspective of the reference frame at rest, the train must be able to "impart" some part of its momentum to the ball, causing it to move forward with a velocity of 1.5v (as measured by observers on the ground).
	www.physlink.com /community/Forums/printthread.cfm?Forum=17&Topic=3473 (4046 words)

	Why Time is Absolute, and Relative, But Never Universal
		The inertial frame is clarified and elaborated upon to show why the scale of time is naturally, through Newton's Laws of Motion, in congruence to this frame.
		An inertial system is not equivalent to that of the “fixed stars”, as is the Machian notion, although a system (or body) can be inertial with respect to the average velocity of the background stars.
		An inertial frame is a frame of reference in which bodies are not accelerated from the perspective of within the system.
	home.pacbell.net /skeptica/time.html (3640 words)

	Notes on the Faraday Disc
		If a field exists around matter which conveys the inertial condition of that matter to the surrounding space then the general principle would be: a transport mechanism exists which serves to communicate the internal condition of matter to the surrounding space.
		The characteristic of a rotating inertial frame (generated by a rotating real mechanical object) is an inertial anisotropy such that for axial measurements the inertia increases but for radial motions the inertial mass decreases.
		The inertial anisotropy of the od field reduces the reaction forces generated by the extraction of electrical current from the rotating conducting spiral.
	depalma.pair.com /Absurdity/Absurdity08/FaradayDisc.html (3029 words)

	Relativity.Notes
		Inertial observer (or inertial reference frame) - The definition of an inertial reference frame is a frame where Newton’s First Law is valid.
		An example of an inertial reference frame is a coordinate system attached to a spaceship located in outer space far away from any large masses (or gravitational force) and has its engine off.
		Another spaceship in the same gravity-free region with engine off is another inertial frame but it could be moving at a constant velocity with respect to the first inertial frame.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~plam/SR.Notes (1773 words)

	Re: Centrifugal Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even though it is true that the solution would be the same when the equations are solved in an inertial frame, one can imagine the difficulties when weather forecasting would be done on a mesh attached to the sun, or the galaxy, or the center of mass of the universe...
		When transforming the equations of motion to this reference frame, "pseudo-force" terms appear that include the state of acceleration (linear acceleration, angular acceleration, and angular velocity) and orientation of the reference frame relative to the earth.
		In both cases, I guess the reason for using a non-inertial frame is the difficulty of collecting movement data relative to an inertial frame.
	isb.ri.ccf.org /biomch-l/archives/biomch-l-2000-12/00057.html (612 words)

	Life in a non-inertial frame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We know that viewed in a fixed frame the motion of a ball thrown horizontally on a merry-go-round will travel in a straight line at uniform speed.
		Suppose that a movie is made of the motion, with the interval between "frames" of the movie chosen so that, at the speed that the ball is thrown, the ball will reach the other side in exactly four frame intervals.
		In the composite of the five pictures on the right one can see that, in a frame fixed in the rotating spaceship, the path of the ball, in the absence of all forces on it, is not a straight line, but a nearly circular path.
	www.cavendishscience.org /phys/spatraci/spatrac3.htm (651 words)

	Centrifugal Force -- Reference Frames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The usual example of an inertial reference frame is one that is stationary with respect to the distant stars.
		The rotation axis of the reference frame is perpendicular to the ground and passes through the center of the circular curve.
		The reference frame rotates around the rotation axis at the same rate at which the car goes around the curve.
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/space/centrifugal/centrifugal3_more.html (194 words)

	The Special Theory of Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The existence of a preferred inertial frame is not consistent with the statement of Galilean relativity that all inertial frames are equivalent.
		In the train's frame (left set of pictures), the flash of light spreads out and reaches the two ends of the train simultaneously (E1 and E2 are the two events of the light pulse reaching the left end and right end of the train respectively).
		In frame S the final velocity of the object (after the light is emitted) must be zero, since the light is emitted equally in opposite directions and therefore no net momentum is imparted to the object.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /courses/V85.0020/node17.html (5311 words)

	A Primer on Special Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This implies that relatively moving systems of inertial coordinates are related according to the Lorentzian transformation. It follows that the constant-t surfaces of two relatively moving systems of inertial coordinates are skewed, although the skew is so slight it's nearly impossible to detect in most ordinary circumstances.
		is invariant with respect to all inertial coordinate systems. Since there exists a system of inertial coordinates with respect to which the spatial component dx is zero, it follows that the above invariant quantity is the square of the time differential dt along a path with respect to the rest frame of the path.
		One major shortcoming with the way in which special relativity is usually taught is that inertial coordinate systems (and frames) are usually not fully defined. They are typically characterized simply as coordinate systems that are “not accelerated”, which is to say, coordinate systems in terms of which inertia is homogeneous.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath307/kmath307.htm (933 words)

	Life in a non-inertial frame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To observe a thrown ball from the point of view of a non-inertial (accelerating) frame of reference, we must place ourselves in such an acclerating frame of reference.
		Imagine a person on a merry-go-round, standing on a sheet of graph paper that defines her "frame of reference." Because that sheet of graph paper is moving in a circle, it is accelerated, and is therefore a "non-inertial frame of reference."
		If a ball is thrown by the person on the merry-go-round, its horizontal motion (we are ignoring the pull of gravity and the ball's vertical motion) will not be in a straight line even while it is in free flight.
	www.cavendishscience.org /phys/spatraci/spatrac2.htm (393 words)

	CGA FAQ: Centrifugal force & inertial frames
		Let R be a rotation matrix describing the orientation of the moving reference frame relative to the inertial reference frame, and Ao be the acceleration of the origin of the moving reference frame measured in the inertial reference frame.
		The inertial frame used by the > accelerometers is, of course, tilted relative to the usual horizontal and > vertical axes of the frame attached to the earth, and its > orientation changes with time.
		Yes, it is the acceleration relative to the inertial frame, but it is always combined with gravity and rotated to the moving frame.
	www.univie.ac.at /cga/faq/inertial.html (3784 words)

	Non-inertial Frame of Reference 1
		Below is a VRML animation of a non-inertial frame of reference similar to that which would be experienced in an elevator ride.
		Such an elevator ride is an excellent example of a frame of reference that changes from an inertial frame of reference to a non-inertial frame of reference as the speed of the velocity changes from a constant value to a changing value respectively.
		However, there are other non-inertial frames of reference which are caused by changes in velocity other than changes in speed.
	id.mind.net /~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/framesOfReference/nonInertialFrame1.html (731 words)

	PinkMonkey.com Physics Study Guide - Section 35.4 Absolute Frame of Reference
		The equivalence of all inertial frames of references as far as Newtonian Mechanics is concerned implies that no privileged frame of reference at absolute rest is required, relative to which all other inertial frames of references are in uniform translational motion.
		The non- invariance of Maxwell's equations under Galilean Transformations implies that the mathematical form of the field equations will be different in different inertial frames; but the equations as in the form given by Maxwell represent the essence of experimental laws and hence their form must be correct at least in one inertial frame.
		This hypothetical frame identified as the frame of reference with the origin at the center of mass of system of fixed stars is called the "Absolute Frame".
	www.pinkmonkey.com /studyguides/subjects/physics/chap35/p3535401.asp (572 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO NEWTONIAN MECHANICS (p.11)
		So, in the rotating frame the pendulum stays at rest because a centrifugal force acting upon it equilibrates the component of gravity force that pulls the pendulum toward the turntable rotation axis.
		Thus, its trajectory viewed from the inertial frame would be an extremely elongated ellipse with its longer axis/shorter axis ratio equal to 4320.
		Notice, the reference frames like freely falling elevator, Shuttle or Mir station (if they are not rotating) look remarkably like inertial frames where Newton second law without inclusion of pseudoforces is valid.
	www2.dsu.nodak.edu /users/edkluk/public_html/crt_aphys/m_foucault_h.html (2500 words)

	Non- existence of an inertial frame at rest on earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If Special Relativity ; is to be valid in a gravitational field, it is a natural first guess to assume that the ``laboratory'' frame at rest on earth is an inertial frame.
		We have shown that a particular frame is not inertial, not that there are no inertial frames .
		We will find that there are certain frames which are inertial in a restricted sense, but before we define these frames let us first consider what we mean by the mass of a body.
	www.mth.uct.ac.za /omei/gr/chap5/node3.html (289 words)

	Reference Frames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An ``inertial'' reference frame is defined dynamically within the context of General Relativity as one that has no external forces (real or apparent) acting on bodies observed within that frame.
		An extragalactic reference frame is assumed to approximate an inertial reference frame through Mach's Principle, and through the distance to the galaxies and quasars, making their transverse motions insensible to proper motion measurement.
		Defining such a reference frame from the Hipparcos satellite was difficult because the observations of minor planets were made only when the scanning process took the aperture over an observable minor planet, which happened infrequently and at random.
	www.ess.sunysb.edu /simswg/siswg/node8.html (384 words)

	Questions - Relativity
		Accelerating from 0.8c to 0.9c in the Earth's frame corresponds to an increase of 0.35c in the spaceship's frame.
		These effects are the result of a measurement from a given inertial frame that is performed on body moving with respect to that frame.
		Newton's Laws were formulated for inertial frames, but they work in noninertial frames so long as one adds terms to account for the accelerated frame (e.g., "fictitious" or inertial forces).
	www.astro.virginia.edu /~jh8h/Foundations/quest7.html (7148 words)

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