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Topic: Inertial guidance

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Inertial guidance system

Inertial frame

	Boeing: Integrated Defense Systems - Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Systems - Guidance Repair Center
		Boeing Guidance Repair Center performs complete depot level repair of inertial guidance and navigation systems for the military services.
		The Boeing Guidance Repair Center (BGRC) was established to perform complete depot level repair and calibration of inertial guidance/navigation systems for the military services.
		BGRC repairs, tests, and calibrates nearly every type of guidance/navigation system including: inertial navigation units for aircraft such as the F-15, F-16, F-117, B-1B, B-2, B-52, C-17, C-130, and C-141, as well as the Minuteman III and Peacekeeper Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/ic/icbmsys/bgrc.html (479 words)

	Inertial guidance system Summary
		Inertial guidance systems were originally developed for navigating rockets.
		A typical inertial navigation system uses a combination of roll, pitch and azimuth gyroscopes, to stabilize the x, y and z accelerometers to solve a large set of differential equations to convert these readings into estimates of velocities, position and attitude, starting off from a known initial position of latitude and longitude.
		Inertial guidance systems are now usually combined with satellite navigation systems through a digital filtering system.
	www.bookrags.com /Inertial_guidance_system (2610 words)

	Navigation - MSN Encarta
		An inertial navigation system has three components: a gyroscope that responds to forces that might throw the craft off course; an accelerometer that interprets the gyroscope’s responses, and a computer that makes necessary adjustments.
		Inertial guidance also provides information to the human navigator and acts as an automatic pilot.
		The military uses inertial navigation because the system is impossible to jam or sabotage from outside using existing military technology.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574467_5/Navigation.html (1315 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Missile Guidance
		The majority of the flight is flown using midcourse guidance, during which the missile makes slight adjustments to its trajectory allowing it to reach the vicinity of the target.
		Inertial navigation works by telling the missile where it is at the time of launch and how it should move in terms of both distance and rotation over the course of its flight.
		Inertial navigation systems are widely used on all kinds of aerospace vehicles, including weapons, military aircraft, commercial airliners, and spacecraft.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/weapons/q0187.shtml (2451 words)

	LM News Reference: Guidance, Navigation and Control
		The abort guidance section is used as backup for the primary guidance and navigation section during a LM mission abort.
		The inertial measurement unit is mounted to the legs on one end and the telescope and the abort sensor assembly are mounted on the opposite side.
		Inertial stability of the stable member in the inertial measurement unit is maintained with a stabilization loop which uses the IMU gyro outputs as inputs to amplifiers in the power and servo assy.
	www.apollosaturn.com /Lmnr/gn.htm (14290 words)

	Chapter 15 Guidance and Control
		Guidance and stabilization corrections are combined, and the result is ap-plied as an error signal to the control system.
		After this is done, the missile guidance system must be set to follow the course to the target, to hold the missile at the desired altitude, to measure its air speed and, at the cor-rect time, cause the missile to start the terminal phase of its flight and dive on the target.
		The inertial guidance method is used for the same purpose as the preset method and is actually a refinement of that method.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part15.htm (7052 words)

	THE GUIDANCE OF SPACE VEHICLES
		For ballistic missiles, guidance (sometime referred to as ascent guidance) is used only during powered flight, and guidance accuracy depends upon accurate establishment of flight conditions at the point of transition from powered to free flight.
		When a suitable combination of position and velocity is reached, the guidance system must immediately signal cutoff of the propulsion system-in fact, it must signal cutoff a little ahead of time on the basis of a prediction process to compensate for time lags in the operation of engine controls.
		Inertial guidance systems are based entirely on measurements of acceleration, and involve no contact with the world outside the vehicle after launching.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/conghand/guidance.htm (2659 words)

	The desire for a fully independent system led to the design of a 14-inch long, 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		The characteristic benefit of inertial guidance is seen in its fully self-contained capacity, specifically its independence from external signals.
		Inertial systems provide an entirely automatic means of determining position for vehicles and weapons alike, and have a wide range of application from underwater to space environments.
		Such benefits clearly prove inertial guidance to be the ideal system of choice when dealing with autonomous vehicles, especially military surveillance vehicles, mine hunters, and other underwater-based vehicles.
	www.usna.edu /AUVT/IMU.htm (1086 words)

	NASM Oral History Project, Burnett #2
		The earliest one I worked on was the ARMA guidance system, which was an all-inertial system that was to be used on the Thor and as a backup on the Atlas.
		In fact, it was the original backup to the GE guidance system, which had the radar on the ground and a bit of a platform in the missile.
		Guidance ought to have the equipment that moved the nozzles, and ought to have the cabling and connects through the raceways into the guidance system, from each one of the stages.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/TRANSCPT/BURNETT2.HTM (13464 words)

	FAQs, Oxford Technical Solutions
		Inertial Navigation Systems also make exceptionally accurate measurements of heading, pitch and roll, which are required in many different applications.
		Inertial sensors are used to measure the accelerations and the angular rates.
		For an inertial navigation system with a heading accuracy of 0.1 degrees, travelling at 30 m/s (108 km/h or 67 mph) the error growth is 52cm after 10 seconds or 9.4 metres after three minutes.
	www.oxts.com /default.asp?pageRef=38&category=10&faq=30 (1505 words)

	SIGNAL Magazine
		A guidance system would have to survive the high gravitational-force (g) explosive shock of initial firing, quickly assess its location after leaving the gun barrel, and immediately begin providing guidance to the projectile while operating in a potentially high-jamming environment.
		Guidance system development involves silicon-based, micro-machine technology for the inertial sensor, high levels of processor integration, and hardware function consolidation.
		While a GPS-only-based guidance system seems to be an ideal solution for the lowest cost implementation of smart weapon guidance, the potential for signal jamming means that a GPS-only solution may never be able to guide the projectile all the way to the target.
	www.afcea.org /signal/articles/anmviewer.asp?a=788&print=yes (1507 words)

	Guided Missiles
		Inertial guidance systems sense the position of the flight path in relation to a fixed target; other guidance systems use a variety of more active sensors to help direct the missile toward a moving objective.
		Small missiles often employ line-of-sight guidance systems that relay corrections in the flight path of the missile by means of trailing wires or infrared signals.
		Missile velocity, pitch, yaw, and roll are sensed by internal gyroscopes and accelerometers, and course corrections are made mechanically by slightly altering the thrust of the rocket exhaust by means of movable vanes or deflectors.
	www.defencejournal.com /jun99/guided-missiles.htm (2088 words)

	Draper Laboratory - Dr. Draper and His Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Charles Stark Draper, the "father of inertial navigation," evolved the theory, invented and developed the technology, and led the effort that brought inertial navigation to operational use in aircraft, space vehicles, and submarines.
		Inertial guidance systems use gyroscopes (rotating devices that react to changes in direction) and accelerometers (instruments that detect changes in velocity over time) to keep a steady course.
		The society cited his work in inertial guidance systems as one of the 10 outstanding engineering achievements of the past 50 years.
	www.draper.com /corporate/profile/docslab.htm (1083 words)

	Types of Guidance
		Guidance systems are usually classified according to their path control system, since many missiles use the same type of attitude control.
		These commands are transmitted to the missile by varying the characteristics of the missile tracking or guidance beam, or by the use of a separate radio uplink transmitter.
		HOMING GUIDANCE.-Homing guidance systems control the path of the missile by means of a device in the missile that detects and reacts to some distinguishing feature of (or signal from) the target.
	www.tpub.com /fcv2/11.htm (1142 words)

	Self-Contained Guidance Systems
		One disadvantage of preset guidance is that once the missile is launched, its trajectory cannot be changed.
		Three types of navigational guidance systems that may be used by long-range missiles are inertial, celestial, and terrestrial.
		INERTIAL GUIDANCE.- The inertial guidance method is similar to the preset guidance method.
	www.tpub.com /gunners/219.htm (701 words)

	Inertial space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, the expression inertial space refers to the background reference that is provided by the phenomenon of inertia.
		The Inertial guidance systems that are used in navigation and in guidance of missiles work by detecting acceleration and rotation with respect to inertial space.
		Inertial guidance systems detect acceleration with respect to inertial space, and with those data it is possible to calculate the current velocity and position with respect to the velocity and position at the moment the acceleratometers started registering data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inertial_space (686 words)

	NAHF
		Referred to as the “father of inertial navigation” for evolving the theory, inventing and developing the technology, and leading the effort to use the navigation systems in aircraft, spacecraft and submarines.
		The Instrumentation Laboratory was renamed in his honor in 1970 and he let the development of: the “fly-by-wire aircraft central system, guidance systems for Trident missiles and the Skylab spacecraft, guidance system for the Navistar satellite, guidance system for the space shuttle.
		After the war, he directed development of the Febe stellar inertial and the Spire fully inertial aircraft guidance systems, as well as inertial guidance systems for the Thor, Titan, Polaris and Poseidon, missiles.
	nationalaviation.blade6.donet.com /components/content_manager_v02/view_nahf/htdocs/menu_ps.asp?NodeID=1135770692&group_ID=1134656385&Parent_ID=-1 (673 words)

	Salmon Alley House Rules
		If the missile has inertial guidance, the spotter can tell the bomber what hex to fire at via datalink, and the missile needs no other guidance along the way to that hex (though it will usually need some other terminal guidance like IR or active radar homing) once it gets there.
		Illumination guidance and laser-designator guidance do not require that the launching platform be the illuminating/designating and tracking platform, but they are not capable of hand-offs: the illuminating/designating platform must be illuminating the target from the moment of launch until the intercept.
		In the case of radar illumination, the target and the launcher must both be within the radar range of the illuminator and the angle difference to the target between the illuminator and the launcher must be 60 degrees (one hexside) or less.
	www.estarcion.com /kaleja/sa.html (3892 words)

	Inertial Brains \| TIME
		As soon as it left the pad, it was on its own, depending on the guidance of its built-in brain and senses.
		What was different about the latest Atlas was its "full inertial" guidance system built by American Bosch Arma Corp. of Long Island, and founded on techniques worked out at M.I.T.'s famed Instrumentation Laboratory whose director, Professor Charles Stark Draper, is the Grand Panjandrum of inertial guidance.
		Inertial guidance works on the childishly simple fact that a weight suspended on springs lags behind when the vehicle on which it is mounted starts to move.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,827675-1,00.html (696 words)

	Skipping filter for inertially augmented landing system - Patent 6549829
		This invention relates to inertially augmented landing systems and more particularly methods and apparatus for overcoming delays in detection of GLS input signal errors essential to safe guidance in landing and rollout of an aircraft.
		The solution to this problem is the hereinafter described signal skipping filter which separates the inertial guidance signal from the GPS guidance signal, and therefore avoids corruption caused by the delayed detection of the GLS signal loss.
		When the GLS guidance signal is lost and the switches are set to the "coast" position the filter states are reset to the states from N seconds prior.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6549829.html (2172 words)

	FEW Museum: Atlas (SM-65)
		Guidance: Radio-inertial (Atlas A, B, C, and D models): The radar was built by General Electric in Syracuse, New York, and the computer by Burroughs in Paoli, Pennsylvania
		The all-inertial system was capable of detecting deviations from the preprogrammed flight path and formulating midcourse corrections independently.
		The Atlas E was the first to use an all-inertial guidance system and the improved MA-3 propulsion system.
	www.warrenmuseum.com /atlas.htm (3113 words)

	Equipment Matchups: Artillery - Ballistic Missile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		The radar guidance unit was replaced with a simplified inertial guidance system, while the warhead size remained unchanged.
		The Dong Feng (East Wind) 15, also designated M-9, is a locally-developed, mobile, tactical ballistic missile with inertial guidance similar to the US Pershing I-A. Its solid propellant propulsion, coupled with a transporter/erector/launcher, allows for a very short reaction-to-launch time.
		A GPS-based terminal guidance system is also under development to improve the CEP to under 300 feet, providing sufficient accuracy to target specific structures.
	www.emeraldesigns.com /matchup/artillery3.htm (1067 words)

	Inertial Measurement Unit Summary
		Inertial Measurement Units provide inertial attitude and velocity data to a spacecraft's guidance, navigation, and control system.
		An Inertial Measurement Unit is a closed system that is used to detect altitude, location, and motion.
		This is why a lot of engineers don't really make a distintion between an IMU and an inertial guidance system.
	www.bookrags.com /Inertial_Measurement_Unit (787 words)

	Guidance and Navigation - Honeywell Aerospace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Our new generation of products is optimized for space, using our aerospace industry proven technology and expertise and building on our proven space and military avionics designs.
		Building on technologies developed in prior space designs and in the military avionics industry, our next generation launch vehicle guidance systems are optimized for use in space.
		For more than 40 years, Honeywell has been providing our customers with superior strategic guidance and navigation solutions, which are recognized for their exceptional performance and reliability.
	www.honeywell.com /sites/portal?smap=aerospace&page=Guidance-Navigation&theme=T4 (178 words)

	Apollo Flight Journal - The Apollo On-board Computers
		It performs the basic functions of inertial guidance, attitude reference and optical navigation and is inter-related mechanically or electrically with the stabilisation and control, electrical power, environmental control, telecommunications and instrumentation systems.
		The inertial guidance subsystem senses acceleration changes and attitude changes instantaneously and provides attitude control and thrust control signals to the stabilisation and control system.
		The basic LM descent guidance logic was defined by an acceleration command which is a quadratic function of time and is, therefore termed quadratic guidance.
	history.nasa.gov /afj/compessay.htm (2970 words)

	Road project causes untimely opening of Newark time capsule
		The ground in the area of the site had a high level of sand and stone left from the run-off of glaciers that melted after the Ice Age, making the area extremely stable, which was a requirement for the testing of inertial guidance equipment.
		In the late 1960s, aircraft inertial guidance was added to the Directorate of Maintenance workloads, so the base became the worldwide repair site for all aircraft and missile inertial guidance workloads.
		"We had the responsibility of repairing, testing and calibrating inertial guidance systems and associated components," said Sisco, who added that NAFS was the worldwide repair facility for all aircraft and missile guidance systems.
	federalvoice.dscc.dla.mil /federalvoice/040714/capsule.html (1051 words)

	Guidance System maintains navigation after GPS is lost., BEI Systron Donner Inertia
		It has small quartz MEMS inertial sensor cluster and 12-channel C/A code GPS receiver, which provides position, velocity, time, attitude, altitude, heading, acceleration, and angular-rate data.
		The heart of the new MIGITS is a small quartz MEMS inertial sensor cluster, which provides the high accuracy and tactical grade inertial measurement performance required for rugged environments in the aviation, military and aerospace industries.
		BEI Systron Donner Inertial is an operating division of BEI Technologies, Inc. BEI Technologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: BEIQ) is an established manufacturer of electronic sensors and motion control products used for factory and office automation, medical and scientific equipment, military, aviation and space systems, and transportation equipment including automobiles, trucks and off-road equipment.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/9997 (869 words)

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